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Patient Education and Counseling Jun 2012To provide a brief overview of selected interpersonal theories and models, and to present examples of their use in healthcare communication research. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a brief overview of selected interpersonal theories and models, and to present examples of their use in healthcare communication research.
RESULTS
Nine interpersonal communication theories and their application to healthcare communication are discussed.
CONCLUSION
As healthcare communication interactions often occur at an interpersonal level, familiarity with theories of interpersonal communication may reinforce existing best practices and lead to the development of novel communication approaches with patients.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
This article serves as an introductory primer to theories of interpersonal communication that have been or could be applied to healthcare communication research. Understanding key constructs and general formulations of these theories may provide practitioners with additional theoretical frameworks to use when interacting with patients.
Topics: Adult; Communication; Guidelines as Topic; Health Services Research; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Theoretical; Professional-Patient Relations
PubMed: 22112396
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.006 -
Psychiatria Danubina Sep 2019We wanted to investigate the patient's expectations on the general practitioner's (GP) responsibilities in screening and follow up of disturbed eating behaviour. Then,...
OBJECTIVES
We wanted to investigate the patient's expectations on the general practitioner's (GP) responsibilities in screening and follow up of disturbed eating behaviour. Then, we looked for remediation for some of the mentioned shortcomings in family medicine. We also examined if online aid (offered by the non-profit organisation "Eetexpert.be") is already known and used.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Anonymous patient questionnaires were gathered at 4 treatment centres for eating disorders or were collected with help of the Flemish patients organisation for eating disorders (Vlaamse Vereniging Anorexia Nervosa en Boulimia Nervosa). Later, online enquiries were sent to Flemish GPs.
RESULTS
Out of 123 patients responding to the questionnaire, 44 found their GP to have had an important supportive role in their healing process. Active listening and targeted referral were among the most appreciated interventions by those patients. 71 GPs replied the online enquiry. Only 1 out of 5 knew about the free online assistance of "Eetexpert.be". Responders suggested several additional barriers to care.
CONCLUSIONS
In Flanders there is a contrast between expectations and needs of patients on one hand compared to the services provided by GPs on the other. Reassuringly, all responding physicians were open to more education and support regarding eating disorder treatment.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Belgium; Feeding and Eating Disorders; General Practitioners; Humans; Patient Preference; Patients; Referral and Consultation; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31488763
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Dental... Jan 2021An important step in integrating dental and medical care is improving understanding of the frequency and characteristics of dental practitioners who conduct health risk...
Dental practitioners' use of health risk assessments for a variety of health conditions: Results from the South Atlantic region of The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.
BACKGROUND
An important step in integrating dental and medical care is improving understanding of the frequency and characteristics of dental practitioners who conduct health risk assessments (HRAs).
METHODS
From September 2017 through July 2018, active dentist and hygienist members of the South Atlantic region of The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (N = 870) were invited to participate in a survey evaluating their HRA practices (screening, measuring, discussing, referring patients) for 6 health conditions (obesity, hypertension, sexual activities, diabetes, alcohol use, tobacco use). For each health condition, the authors used ordinal logistic regression to measure the associations among the practitioner's HRA practices and the practitioner's characteristics, barriers, and practice characteristics.
RESULTS
Most of the 475 responding practitioners (≥ 72%) reported they at least occasionally complete 1 or more HRA steps for the health conditions except sexual activities. Most practitioners screened (that is, asked about) and gave referral information to affected patients for diabetes (56%) and hypertension (63%). Factors associated with each increased HRA practice for 2 or more outcomes were non-Hispanic white compared with Hispanic practitioner (cumulative odds ratio [COR] obesity, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 0.8; and COR diabetes, 0.3; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8), male compared with female practitioner (COR tobacco, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7; and COR hypertension, 0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8), and practitioner discomfort (COR, obesity and alcohol use, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9; and COR, sexual activities 0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8).
CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Dental practitioners are conducting HRA practices for multiple conditions. Interventions should focus on reducing practitioner discomfort and target non-Hispanic white, male practitioners.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Dental Hygienists; Dentists; Female; Humans; Male; Professional Role; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 33276954
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.09.003 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021This paper introduces a model that explains psychosocial development by embedding the developmental concept of rough-and-tumble play (RTP) into the contextual settings...
This paper introduces a model that explains psychosocial development by embedding the developmental concept of rough-and-tumble play (RTP) into the contextual settings of martial arts (MA). Current sport-for-change literature relies on theories that address contextual factors surrounding sport but agrees that sport in itself does not facilitate developmental outcomes. In contemporary times where western societies invest substantial resources in sport programs for their psychosocial contribution, this becomes problematic. If the contextual factors surrounding sport are exclusively what produce developmental outcomes, what is the rationale for investing resources in specifically? We challenge this idea and argue that although contextual factors are important to any social phenomena, the developmental outcomes from sport can also be traced to the corporeal domain in sport. To date, we have lacked the theoretical lenses to articulate this. The developmental concept of RTP emphasizes how "play fighting" between consenting parties stimulates psychosocial growth through its demand for self-regulation and control when "play fighting" with peers. In short, RTP demands that individuals maintain a self-regulated mode of fighting and is contingent on a give-and-take relationship to maintain enjoyment. RTP can thus foster empathy and prosocial behavior and has strong social bonding implications. However, such play can also escalate. A fitting setting to be considered as moderated RTP is MA because of its resemblance to RTP, and its inherent philosophical features, which emphasizes self-regulation, empathy, and prosocial behavior. This paper outlines what constitutes high-quality RTP in a MA context and how this relates to developmental outcomes. By doing so, we present a practitioner's framework in which practitioners, social workers, and physical educators can explain how MA, and not merely contextual factors, contributes toward developmental outcomes. In a time where sport is becoming increasingly politicized and used as a social intervention, it too becomes imperative to account for why , and in this case, MA, is suitable to such ends.
PubMed: 34659040
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731000 -
JMIR Human Factors Feb 2022Visual expertise refers to advanced visual skills demonstrated when performing domain-specific visual tasks. Prior research has emphasized the fact that medical experts...
BACKGROUND
Visual expertise refers to advanced visual skills demonstrated when performing domain-specific visual tasks. Prior research has emphasized the fact that medical experts rely on such perceptual pattern-recognition skills when interpreting medical images, particularly in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation. Analyzing and modeling cardiology practitioners' visual behavior across different levels of expertise in the health care sector is crucial. Namely, understanding such acquirable visual skills may help train less experienced clinicians to interpret ECGs accurately.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to quantify and analyze through the use of eye-tracking technology differences in the visual behavior and methodological practices for different expertise levels of cardiology practitioners such as medical students, cardiology nurses, technicians, fellows, and consultants when interpreting several types of ECGs.
METHODS
A total of 63 participants with different levels of clinical expertise took part in an eye-tracking study that consisted of interpreting 10 ECGs with different cardiac abnormalities. A counterbalanced within-subjects design was used with one independent variable consisting of the expertise level of the cardiology practitioners and two dependent variables of eye-tracking metrics (fixations count and fixation revisitations). The eye movements data revealed by specific visual behaviors were analyzed according to the accuracy of interpretation and the frequency with which interpreters visited different parts/leads on a standard 12-lead ECG. In addition, the median and SD in the IQR for the fixations count and the mean and SD for the ECG lead revisitations were calculated.
RESULTS
Accuracy of interpretation ranged between 98% among consultants, 87% among fellows, 70% among technicians, 63% among nurses, and finally 52% among medical students. The results of the eye fixations count, and eye fixation revisitations indicate that the less experienced cardiology practitioners need to interpret several ECG leads more carefully before making any decision. However, more experienced cardiology practitioners rely on their skills to recognize the visual signal patterns of different cardiac abnormalities, providing an accurate ECG interpretation.
CONCLUSIONS
The results show that visual expertise for ECG interpretation is linked to the practitioner's role within the health care system and the number of years of practical experience interpreting ECGs. Cardiology practitioners focus on different ECG leads and different waveform abnormalities according to their role in the health care sector and their expertise levels.
PubMed: 35138258
DOI: 10.2196/34058 -
Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment... Mar 2020To develop an evidence-based expert group opinion on the role of insulin motivation to overcome insulin distress during different stages of insulin therapy and to... (Review)
Review
AIM
To develop an evidence-based expert group opinion on the role of insulin motivation to overcome insulin distress during different stages of insulin therapy and to propose a practitioner's toolkit for insulin motivation in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).
BACKGROUND
Insulin distress, an emotional response of the patient to the suggested use of insulin, acts as a major barrier to insulin therapy in the management of DM. Addressing patient-, physician- and drug-related factors is important to overcome insulin distress. Strengthening of communication between physicians and patients with diabetes and enhancing the patients' coping skills are prerequisites to create a sense of comfort with the use of insulin. Insulin motivation is key to achieving targeted goals in diabetes care. A group of endocrinologists came together at an international meeting held in India to develop tool kits that would aid a practitioner in implementing insulin motivation strategies at different stages of the journey through insulin therapy, including pre-initiation, initiation, titration and intensification. During the meeting, emphasis was placed on the challenges and limitations faced by both physicians and patients with diabetes during each stage of the journey through insulinization.
REVIEW RESULTS
After review of evidence and discussions, the expert group provided recommendations on strategies for improved insulin acceptance, empowering behavior change in patients with DM, approaches for motivating patients to initiate and maintain insulin therapy and best practices for insulin motivation at the pre-initiation, initiation, titration and intensification stages of insulin therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
In the management of DM, bringing in positive behavioral change by motivating the patient to improve treatment adherence helps overcome insulin distress and achieve treatment goals.
PubMed: 31981212
DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00764-7 -
Physiotherapy Sep 2022As yet, the benefit of the Fit Note has not been convincingly demonstrated, although a limited body of research suggests that provision of fitness for work advice and...
Primary care first contact practitioner's (FCP) challenges and learning and development needs in providing fitness for work and sickness absence certification: consensus development.
BACKGROUND
As yet, the benefit of the Fit Note has not been convincingly demonstrated, although a limited body of research suggests that provision of fitness for work advice and sickness absence certification may be improved with training and case-specific direction. The role of certifying sickness absence in the UK has traditionally been conducted by General Practitioners, but this role has now been extended to First Contact Practitioner (FCP) Physiotherapists in primary care. Therefore, FCPs may offer an ideal solution to the current challenges faced within primary care for those with a musculoskeletal (MSK) condition at risk of sickness absence from their work environment.
OBJECTIVES
The main aim of this study was to identify the challenges and key learning and development needs of FCPs in response to providing Occupational Health (OH) information in the form of fitness for work advice and sickness certification for patients with MSK conditions within primary care.
DESIGN
Consensus was generated using an online modified version of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) method. A priori consensus threshold of 60% was used in the voting stage.
PARTICIPANTS
NGT participants included clinicians with experience in managing MSK conditions in primary care within the FCP model of care. All participants generated, voted, and ranked the items using an online platform.
CONCLUSIONS
This research adds new evidence regarding the challenges and learning and development needs identified by a group of FCPs working within primary care in consideration of sickness absence certification and fitness for work advice. The items highlighted provide evidence to complement Health Education England's FCP A Roadmap to Practice educational pathway and informs on professional development needs in this area.
Topics: Certification; Consensus; General Practitioners; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Primary Health Care; Sick Leave
PubMed: 35576802
DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2022.02.001 -
AAPI Nexus : Asian Americans and... 2014Health equity for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) requires collaborative partnerships between primary care and behavioral health organizations. This paper...
Health equity for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) requires collaborative partnerships between primary care and behavioral health organizations. This paper presents the experiences and perspectives of a nurse practitioner in a large-scale pilot program to integrate primary care and behavioral health between an FQHC and a community mental health center, both serving predominantly Asian immigrant populations. This paper discusses lessons learned through program implementation and provides insights on developing a truly integrated system involving equal and full cooperation across disciplines to provide quality and holistic care for patients with SMI. Implications for clinical practice and policy are discussed.
PubMed: 26900384
DOI: 10.17953/appc.12.1-2.l77724297684g720 -
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2015The identification of a "battered pets" syndrome, which put the veterinary profession on a parallel footing with its counterparts in human medicine who respond to... (Review)
Review
The identification of a "battered pets" syndrome, which put the veterinary profession on a parallel footing with its counterparts in human medicine who respond to battered children, women, and elders, expanded the veterinarian's role as an advocate for animals' welfare to include the recognition of, response to, and prevention of animal abuse. Professional policies and legislation in several nations have been amended to define these responsibilities and delineate appropriate responses when animal maltreatment or other forms of family violence are suspected. This article reviews these changes, discusses abuse as a matter of animal welfare and public health, and summarizes research describing animal abuse as a possible indicator and predictor of interpersonal violence. Five steps that helped build human health care's response to child abuse, domestic violence, and elder abuse, and that are analogous to forces in contemporary veterinary practice, are described. It familiarizes practitioners with terminology used in animal cruelty investigations. It describes clinical presentations, client profiles and behaviors, and environmental conditions that may raise a practitioner's index of suspicion of possible animal maltreatment. It reviews protocols that practitioners may employ to respond compassionately and effectively to suspected animal abuse and enhance successful law enforcement investigations and prosecutions. Such responses can unite human and veterinary medicine in a common concern for vulnerable, victimized, and at-risk populations and position veterinarians as an essential part of public health approaches to break the cycles of violence affecting animals and human members of the family and community.
PubMed: 30101120
DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S87198