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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1999We established a typing system for Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens using the combination of PCR ribotyping and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR)...
We established a typing system for Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens using the combination of PCR ribotyping and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) fingerprinting and applied this system to the study of intrafamilial incidence of these species in the oral cavity. PCR ribotyping followed by subtyping by AP-PCR fingerprinting was applied to each type strain of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens and 54 isolates (32 isolates of P. intermedia and 24 isolates of P. nigrescens) from extraoral infections, resulting in an excellent discriminatory power (discrimination index, 0.99) for both species. A total of 18 subjects from six families, with the subjects from each family comprising the mother, the father, and a child who had subclinical early-stage to moderate adult periodontitis or simple gingivitis and who carried P. intermedia or P. nigrescens, or both, were enrolled in the study of intrafamilial carriage. When 20 colonies per specimen of subgingival plaque, if available, were picked from primary culture, 115 P. intermedia and 178 P. nigrescens isolates were recovered from the 18 subjects. Among the subjects studied, family members shared the same subtype strain(s) but non-family members did not. Multiple subtypes were found in 8 (57%) of the 14 P. nigrescens-positive subjects but in only 3 (27%) of the 11 P. intermedia-positive subjects; the difference was, however, not statistically significant (P = 0.14). These results suggest that the combination of PCR ribotyping and AP-PCR fingerprinting is well suited for the epidemiological study of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens and that each family seems to carry a distinct subtype(s) of these species.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carrier State; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia
PubMed: 10488167
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.10.3141-3145.1999 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients... (Review)
Review
The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients were assessed. A systematic scoping review of observational studies and trials was established in conjunction with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were reviewed along with the gray literature. The primary electronic examination produced 139 investigations. Finally, four observational studies met the selection criteria. These studies evaluated 214 implants in 168 patients. and mainly presented high resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin in PI patients. Similarly, was also highly resistant to clindamycin and doxycycline. Other microorganisms such as , , and also presented significant levels of resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. However, most microorganisms did not show resistance to the combination amoxicillin metronidazole. Although the management of adjunctive antimicrobials in the therapy of PI is controversial, in this review, the resistance of relevant microorganisms to antibiotics used to treat PI, and usually prescribed in dentistry, was observed. Clinicians should consider the antibiotic resistance demonstrated in the treatment of PI patients and its public health consequences.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Amoxicillin; Metronidazole; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36497685
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315609 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2018: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased... (Review)
Review
: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased cariogenic risk and a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases. : The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the quality and quantity of the oral microbiota. : The research included every article published up to October 2017 featuring the keywords 'Orthodontic appliance* AND (microbiological colonization OR periodontal pathogen* OR OR spp. OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR )' and was conducted in the major medical databases. The methodological quality of selected papers was scored using the 'Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies' (SBU) method. : Orthodontic appliances influence the oral microbiota with an increase in the counts of and spp. and in the percentage of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. : There is moderate/high evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the oral microbiota. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091589.
PubMed: 29988826
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1476645 -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study...
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melalinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 28619155
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.032 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology Oct 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, CRC incidence rates tripled from 1997 to 2017. In the Moi Teaching and...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, CRC incidence rates tripled from 1997 to 2017. In the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, there has been an increase in CRC cases, notably for younger patients. A suggested pathobiology for this increase is gut microbiome dysbiosis. Since, for the Kenyan CRC patient population, microbiome studies are rare, there is a need for a better understanding of how microbiome dysbiosis influences CRC epidemiology in Kenya. In this single-center study, the focus was on profiling the gut microbiome of Kenyan CRC patients and healthy volunteers and evaluating associations between microbiome profiles and the age of CRC patients.
METHODS
The gut mucosa-associated microbiome of 18 CRC patients and 18 healthy controls were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed for alpha and beta diversity, differential abundance, and microbial metabolic profiling.
RESULTS
Alpha diversity metrics showed no significant differences, but beta diversity metrics showed dissimilarities in the microbial communities between CRC patients and healthy controls. The most underrepresented species in the CRC group were () and (), although () and were overrepresented (linear discriminant analysis, LDA score >2, P<0.05). Also, for CRC patients, significant metagenomic functional alterations were evident in microbial glutamate metabolic pathways (L-glutamate degradation VIII was enriched, and L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis were diminished) (P<0.05, log2 Fold Change >1). Moreover, the microbiome composition was different for patients under 40 years of age compared to older patients (LDA score >2, P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Microbiome and microbial metabolic profiles of CRC patients are different from those of healthy individuals. CRC microbiome dysbiosis, particularly and depletion and glutamate metabolic alterations, are evident in Kenyan CRC patients.
PubMed: 36388691
DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-116 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Apr 2023Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
INTRODUCTION
Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between empirically derived groups of 19 IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms and cognition in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
The study population consisted of participants of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994), who were 60 y and older, among whom cognition and IgG antibodies against 19 periodontal microorganisms were measured ( = 5,162).
RESULTS
In multivariable quantile regression analyses, the Orange-Red (Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and Yellow-Orange (Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Capnocytophaga ochracea) cluster scores were negatively associated with cognition. A 1-unit higher cluster score for the Orange-Red cluster was associated on average with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2640; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.3431 to -0.1848). Similarly, a 1-unit higher score for the Yellow-Orange cluster was associated with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2445; 95% CI, -0.3517 to -0.1372).
CONCLUSION
Groups of IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among free living adults 60 years and older, who were previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Though poor oral health precedes the development of dementia and AD, oral health information is currently not used, to our knowledge, to predict dementia or AD risk. Combining our findings with current algorithms may improve risk prediction for dementia and AD.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION STATEMENT
IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among adults 60 years and older previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Periodontal disease may predict cognition among older adults.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Cognition; Immunoglobulin G; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Oral Health; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 35139675
DOI: 10.1177/23800844211072784 -
Research in Microbiology 2003The influence of growth medium, hemin and menadione, blood source and atmosphere of incubation on the expression of hemolytic activity of 25 strains of Prevotella...
The influence of growth medium, hemin and menadione, blood source and atmosphere of incubation on the expression of hemolytic activity of 25 strains of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens was evaluated. The best hemolytic activity was observed for samples of both species growing in brain heart infusion agar and incubated in Brewer-like anaerobic jars for 48 h. Hemolysis was less intense and occurred later in the presence of hemin and menadione in solid media. beta-Hemolysis was detected for medium supplemented with horse or human blood and alpha-hemolysis was observed when sheep blood was used. These results suggesting some specificity for the hemolytic activity were also observed in liquid assays in which sheep erythrocytes were found to be resistant to hemolysis while horse and human cells where lysed. In liquid assays, the hemolytic activity of all studied strains remained stable in the pH range of 6.0 to 8.5 and was not altered by iron-scavenging compounds or atmosphere of incubation. The phenomenon of hot/cold hemolysis was ruled out as the mechanism of action of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens hemolysin.
Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Hemin; Hemolysis; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Sheep; Vitamin K 3
PubMed: 12576156
DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(02)00003-7 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jul 2003The haem pigment of Porphyromonas gingivalis is composed of micro -oxo bishaem, [Fe(III)PPIX](2)O, but the nature of that generated by Prevotella species has not been...
The haem pigment of Porphyromonas gingivalis is composed of micro -oxo bishaem, [Fe(III)PPIX](2)O, but the nature of that generated by Prevotella species has not been established. Mössbauer, Raman and UV-visible spectrophotometry were used to characterize the haem pigment of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy revealed the major haem species to be monomeric iron protoporphyrin IX, Fe(III)PPIX.OH (haematin). The terminal growth pH of both species on blood agar was between 5.8 and 6.0, which favours the formation and maintenance of monomeric Fe(III)PPIX.OH. Incubation of Pr. nigrescens and Pr. intermedia with oxyhaemoglobin at pH 6.5 resulted in formation of aquomethaemoglobin which was degraded to generate Fe(III)PPIX.OH which in turn became cell-associated, whilst incubation at pH 7.5 resulted in formation of [Fe(III)PPIX](2)O. It is concluded that both Prevotella species degrade oxyhaemoglobin to form [Fe(III)PPIX](2)O as an intermediate, which is converted to Fe(III)PPIX.OH through a depression in pH. The low pH encourages cell-surface deposition of insoluble Fe(III)PPIX.OH which would act as a barrier against oxygen and reactive oxygen species, and also protect against H(2)O(2) through its inherent catalase activity.
Topics: Animals; Heme; Horses; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Oxyhemoglobins; Pigments, Biological; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Protoporphyrins; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Mossbauer; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 12855722
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26258-0 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 2001The AB Biodisk Etest showed that 106 (100%) and 98 (92%) isolates of Eikenella corrodens were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline, respectively. Twenty-three...
The AB Biodisk Etest showed that 106 (100%) and 98 (92%) isolates of Eikenella corrodens were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline, respectively. Twenty-three (68%) Prevotella intermedia isolates and 14 (67%) Prevotella nigrescens isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin. Seventy-nine percent of the P. intermedia isolates and 67% of the P. nigrescens isolates were susceptible to tetracycline. A higher percentage of beta-lactamase-producing isolates of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens were identified with selective agar containing amoxicillin than with nonselective agar.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Eikenella corrodens; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Periodontitis; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Tetracycline
PubMed: 11600394
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.11.3253-3255.2001