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Journal of Periodontology Aug 2017This cross-sectional study assesses cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF)/gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a selection of subgingival/submucosal...
BACKGROUND
This cross-sectional study assesses cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF)/gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a selection of subgingival/submucosal plaque bacteria from clinically healthy or diseased sites in the same individuals.
METHODS
Samples from 97 implants/teeth (58 implants [19 healthy, 20 mucositis, 19 peri-implantitis] and 39 natural teeth [19 healthy, 12 gingivitis, eight periodontitis] in 15 systemically healthy patients were investigated by immunoassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were obtained first, with probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index scores, and keratinized tissue width then recorded. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and permutation tests on dependent, independent, and mixed dependent and independent samples and Spearman correlation.
RESULTS
Interleukin (IL)-1β levels were significantly higher in PICF samples of healthy implants than in GCF samples of healthy teeth (P = 0.003), and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) concentrations were significantly higher in the gingivitis than the mucositis group (P = 0.004). Biomarker levels were similar in peri-implantitis and periodontitis groups (P >0.05). Actinomyces naeslundi and Streptococcus oralis levels were significantly higher in the healthy implant group than in healthy teeth (P <0.05). Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola (Td) levels were lower in the mucositis group than the gingivitis group (P <0.05). Prevotella oralis and S. oralis levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (P <0.05), and Td levels were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group (P <0.05).
CONCLUSION
There were many similarities but, crucially, some differences in biomarker levels (IL-1β and sRANKL) and bacterial species between peri-implant and periodontal sites in the same individuals, suggesting similar pathogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Mucositis; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontal Index; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Turkey
PubMed: 28440740
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160751 -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study...
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melalinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 28619155
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.032 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022There is a bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis. However, the effect of diabetes on the periodontitis salivary microbiota has not been...
AIM
There is a bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis. However, the effect of diabetes on the periodontitis salivary microbiota has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence of diabetes on the microbiota among Chinese patients with periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from the periodontitis with diabetes group (TC), chronic periodontitis group (CP), and periodontally healthy and systemically healthy group (H) by spitting method. Bacterial genomic DNA was PCR-amplified at the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene. The library was constructed according to the obtained sequence results, and biological analysis and statistical analysis were carried out. Functional prediction of three groups of microbial communities was performed by the PICRUSt algorithm.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity between the TC and CP groups. Compared with the H group, the TC group and CP group presented a higher diversity of salivary flora. , , , , and dominated the H group. , , , , , , , , , , , and were significantly enriched in the TC and CP groups. Among them, and were the most abundant in the TC group. The PICRUSt results showed that many pathways related to cell motility and functional metabolism of the salivary microbial flora changed in the TC group and the CP group.
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes was not the main factor causing the altered diversity of salivary microbiota in patients with periodontitis; however, the presence of diabetes altered the abundance of some microbiota in saliva.
Topics: China; Chronic Periodontitis; DNA, Bacterial; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Microbiota; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 35979090
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933833 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Recently, microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer has attracted immense attention. Studies on lung microbes are mostly based on sequencing, which has left the potentially...
Recently, microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer has attracted immense attention. Studies on lung microbes are mostly based on sequencing, which has left the potentially functional bacteria with extremely low abundance uncovered. In this study, we characterized and compared the lung and oral cavity microbiotas using culturomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 198 bacteria identified at the species level from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, was predominant (39.90%). Twenty bacterial species isolated from BALF samples were present in at least half of the patients and were also highly abundant in oral samples. Of all isolated strains, Streptococcus and were highly dominant. The abundance of and decreased from the oral cavity to the lung, whereas that of Pseudomonas increased. Linear discriminant analysis effect size demonstrated that was more abundant in the healthy samples than in the cancerous ones, which is in accordance with the isolation of Prevotella oralis only from the healthy group using culturomics. Moreover, Gemella sanguinis and Streptococcus intermedius were isolated only from the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) group, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that they were higher in the NSCLC than in the small-cell lung cancer group. Furthermore, while and were enriched in lung adenocarcinoma, Brucella was enriched in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, alterations were observed in the microbial community of patients with lung cancer, whose diversity might be site and pathology dependent. Using culturomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, this study has provided insights into pulmonary and oral microbiota alterations in patients with lung cancer. The relationship between lung microbiota and cancer has been explored based on DNA sequencing; however, culture-dependent approaches are indispensable for further studies on the lung microbiota. In this study, we applied a comprehensive approach combining culturomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to detect members of the microbiotas in saliva and BALF samples from patients with unilateral lobar masses. We found alterations in the microbial community of patients with lung cancer, whose diversity might be site and pathology dependent. These features may be potential bacterial biomarkers and new targets for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addition, a lung and oral microbial biobank from lung cancer patients was established, which represents a useful resource for studies of host-microbe interactions.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Genes, rRNA; Lung; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 37092999
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00314-23 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2021Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral infection is the outcome of disturbances in the homeostasis of the oral biofilm microbiota. A number of studies have found...
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral infection is the outcome of disturbances in the homeostasis of the oral biofilm microbiota. A number of studies have found the occurrence of species in elevated levels in periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Even though different aspects of as part of oral biofilm have been studied, biofilms formed by these species have not been characterized systematically. The objective of this study was to characterize biofilms formed by several species and further to assess biofilm inhibition and detachment of preformed biofilms. Biofilms were grown in 24-well plates containing brucella broth in anaerobic conditions for 3 days, and were quantified using crystal violet staining. Images of SYTO 9 Green fluorescent stained biofilms were captured using confocal microscopy. Biofilm inhibition and detachment by proteinase and DNase I was tested. The biochemical characterization included quantification of proteins and DNA in the biofilms and biofilm-supernatants. and showed highest biofilm formation. formed significantly higher amounts of biofilms than ( = 0.005) and ( = 0.0013). Inhibition of biofilm formation was significant only in the case of when treated with proteinase ( = 0.037), whereas with DNase I treatment, the inhibition was not significant ( = 0.531). Overall, proteinase was more effective in biofilm detachment than DNase I. Protein and DNA content were higher in biofilm than the supernatant with the highest amounts found in biofilm and supernatants. biofilms appeared to secrete large amounts of proteins extracellularly into the biofilm-supernatants. Significant differences among species to form biofilms may imply their variable abilities to get integrated into oral biofilm communities. Of the species that were able to grow as biofilms, DNase I and proteinase inhibited the biofilm growth or were able to cause biofilm detachment.
PubMed: 35048047
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.724194 -
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023
PubMed: 37969220
DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.091 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Nov 2018This study aimed to examine the intestinal microbiota composition of school-aged children in association with (over)weight.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine the intestinal microbiota composition of school-aged children in association with (over)weight.
METHODS
The fecal microbiota composition of 295 children was analyzed using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip. Anthropometric outcomes (overweight [BMI ≥ 85th percentile], age- and sex-standardized BMI and weight z scores) were measured at 6 to 7 years of age, and elastic net was used to select genus-like bacterial groups related to all anthropometric outcomes. Subsequently, multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to model associations between selected bacterial groups and anthropometric measures while controlling for confounders.
RESULTS
Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella oralis, Dialister, and uncultured Clostridiales II (UCII) accounted for 26.1% of the variation in microbiota composition. Several bacterial groups were inversely associated with the anthropometric outcomes: Sutterella wadsworthensis, Marvinbryantia formatexigens, Prevotella melanogenica, P oralis, Burkholderia, uncultured Clostridiales II, and Akkermansia, while Streptococcus bovis was positively associated with overweight. Microbial diversity and richness, and Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio, were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
In the largest population-based study on childhood gut microbiota and body weight so far, both new and previously identified bacterial groups were found to be associated with overweight. Further research should elucidate their role in energy metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male
PubMed: 30296366
DOI: 10.1002/oby.22320 -
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Jul 2020Patients with Crohn's disease often produce antibodies against flagellated intestinal bacteria. There are mixed data as to whether such antibodies are present in...
OBJECTIVES
Patients with Crohn's disease often produce antibodies against flagellated intestinal bacteria. There are mixed data as to whether such antibodies are present in patients with spondyloarthritis. Our objectives were to evaluate for the presence of antibodies against intestinal organisms in children with enthesitis related arthritis (ERA).
METHODS
Children with ERA and healthy controls were recruited at three sites. Sera were plated on a nitrocellulose array and incubated with labelled antibodies to human IgA and IgG.
RESULTS
At UAB, patients and controls had similar antibody levels against the majority of the bacteria selected, with the exception of increased IgA antibodies among ERA patients against Prevotella oralis (1231 [IQR 750, 2566] versus 706 [IQR 428, 1106], p = .007.) These findings were partially validated at a second but not at a third site.
CONCLUSIONS
ERA patients may produce increased IgA antibodies against P. oralis. The possible significance of this finding bears further exploration.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Arthritis, Juvenile; Child; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Prevotella
PubMed: 32437923
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108463 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1997Saccharolytic, nonpigmented, anaerobic gram-negative rods isolated from infected dog and cat bite wounds in humans have been poorly characterized, and most are not...
Saccharolytic, nonpigmented, anaerobic gram-negative rods isolated from infected dog and cat bite wounds in humans have been poorly characterized, and most are not included in the databases of kits used for anaerobic identification; thus, they are problematic for clinical laboratories to identify. Fifty strains isolated from such wounds were characterized with commercial kits for preformed-enzyme detection, carbohydrate fermentation, and other biochemical tests. PCR fingerprinting was performed on these strains to further characterize subgroups within these species. Bacteroides tectum is a frequent isolate in bite wounds and resembles Prevotella bivia in colony morphology and saccharolytic activity, except that it grows in 20% bile and hydrolyzes esculin. Profile numbers generated by various kits associate B. tectum with P. bivia, Prevotella oralis group, or Prevotella melaninogenica. PCR fingerprinting identified at least four subgroups and confirmed the heterogeneous nature of this species. Prevotella heparinolytica was also frequently isolated from these bite wounds. It produces indole and generates a profile number in preformed-enzyme kits that is usually associated with Bacteroides uniformis. However, it is bile sensitive and quite distinct from the Bacteroides fragilis group of anaerobes. The PCR fingerprint profiles generated by strains of P. heparinolytica were very similar to that of the type strain and to each other. Prevotella zoogleoformans, occasionally isolated from dog and cat bite wounds in humans, resembles P. heparinolytica except for a negative indole test. Clinical laboratories should be aware of the characteristics of these animal species when identifying isolates from animal bite wounds in humans.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Bites and Stings; Cats; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevotella; Wound Infection
PubMed: 9003606
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.2.406-411.1997 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2015Dental caries and periodontal disease are the commonest bacterial diseases of man and can result in tooth loss. The principal method of prevention is the mechanical...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries and periodontal disease are the commonest bacterial diseases of man and can result in tooth loss. The principal method of prevention is the mechanical removal of dental plaque augmented by active agents incorporated into toothpastes and mouthrinses. In-vitro assays that include complex oral bacterial biofilms are required to accurately predict the efficacy of novel active agents in vivo. The aim of this study was to develop an oral biofilm model using the Calgary biofilm device (CBD) seeded with a natural saliva inoculum and analysed by next generation sequencing. The specific objectives were to determine the reproducibility and stability of the model by comparing the composition of the biofilms over time derived from (i) the same volunteers at different time points, and (ii) different panels of volunteers.
RESULTS
Pyrosequencing yielded 280,093 sequences with a mean length of 432 bases after filtering. A mean of 320 and 250 OTUs were detected in pooled saliva and biofilm samples, respectively. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots based on community membership and structure showed that replicate biofilm samples were highly similar and clustered together. In addition, there were no significant differences between biofilms derived from the same panel at different times using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). There were significant differences between biofilms from different panels (AMOVA, P < 0.002). PCoA revealed that there was a shift in biofilm composition between seven and 14 days (AMOVA, P < 0.001). Veillonella parvula, Veillonella atypica/dispar/parvula and Peptostreptococcus stomatis were the predominant OTUs detected in seven-day biofilms, whilst Prevotella oralis, V. parvula and Streptococcus constellatus were predominant in 14-day biofilms.
CONCLUSIONS
Diverse oral biofilms were successfully grown and maintained using the CBD. Biofilms derived from the same panel of volunteers were highly reproducible. This model could be used to screen both antimicrobial-containing oral care products and also novel approaches aiming to modify plaque composition, such as pre- or probiotics.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biofilms; Culture Media; Dental Plaque; Fusobacterium nucleatum; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Microbial Consortia; Peptostreptococcus; Phylogeny; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Streptococcus constellatus; Time Factors; Veillonella
PubMed: 25880819
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0364-1