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BMJ Clinical Evidence Mar 2014More than half of pregnant women suffer from nausea and vomiting, which typically begins by the fourth week and disappears by the 16th week of pregnancy. The cause of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
More than half of pregnant women suffer from nausea and vomiting, which typically begins by the fourth week and disappears by the 16th week of pregnancy. The cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is unknown, but may be due to the rise in human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration. In 1 in 200 women, the condition progresses to hyperemesis gravidarum, which is characterised by prolonged and severe nausea and vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatment for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy? What are the effects of treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 32 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupressure; acupuncture; corticosteroids; ginger; metoclopramide; ondansetron; prochlorperazine; promethazine; and pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
Topics: Acupressure; Acupuncture Therapy; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antiemetics; Female; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Nausea; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Vomiting
PubMed: 24646807
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Mar 2020A safe and controlled manipulation of endocytosis in vivo may have disruptive therapeutic potential. Here, we demonstrate that the anti-emetic/anti-psychotic...
A safe and controlled manipulation of endocytosis in vivo may have disruptive therapeutic potential. Here, we demonstrate that the anti-emetic/anti-psychotic prochlorperazine can be repurposed to reversibly inhibit the in vivo endocytosis of membrane proteins targeted by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, as directly demonstrated by our human tumor ex vivo assay. Temporary endocytosis inhibition results in enhanced target availability and improved efficiency of natural killer cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a mediator of clinical responses induced by IgG1 antibodies, demonstrated here for cetuximab, trastuzumab, and avelumab. Extensive analysis of downstream signaling pathways ruled out on-target toxicities. By overcoming the heterogeneity of drug target availability that frequently characterizes poorly responsive or resistant tumors, clinical application of reversible endocytosis inhibition may considerably improve the clinical benefit of ADCC-mediating therapeutic antibodies.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Antigen Presentation; Biopsy; Cetuximab; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Endocytosis; Heterografts; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Killer Cells, Natural; MCF-7 Cells; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Neoplasms; Prochlorperazine; Signal Transduction; Trastuzumab
PubMed: 32142680
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.019 -
Indian Journal of Psychiatry Jul 1985Seventy patients suffering from primary anxiety state were selected for this clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to Prochlorperazine (Group I) and other drugs...
Seventy patients suffering from primary anxiety state were selected for this clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to Prochlorperazine (Group I) and other drugs eg., Chlordiapoxide etc. (Group II). Hamilton's anxiety scale was employed to rate the anxiety. With the 4 weeks of therapy there was significant fall in score in both the groups of patients but the fall in score is more in Group I cases as compared to Group II (t = 11.5, df= 68, P < 0.001). The reduction in score (less than 10) and clinical improvement (medium to optimal improvement) was significantly more and faster in Group I (85%) cases as compared to Group II (70%) cases (χ(2) = 5.225, df = 1, P < 0.02). The side effects were least in Group I cases.Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) has given a significant anxiolytic effect without adversly affecting the mental function. In the dosage used prochlorperazine was free from the side effects and can be effectively employed in the management of anxiety.
PubMed: 21927108
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaesthesia Oct 1979Pseudotetanus is a syndrome which is produced by a variety of non-Clostridial factors. It is usually not difficult to distinguish from tetanus but is must always be...
Pseudotetanus is a syndrome which is produced by a variety of non-Clostridial factors. It is usually not difficult to distinguish from tetanus but is must always be considered in the differential diagnosis. Six cases are reported in which tetanus was considered and in one of them the full treatment for the disease was started. It is hoped that by increasing the awareness of clinicians of this relatively common problem the risk of making an incorrect disagnosis will be reduced.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Viral; Metoclopramide; Middle Aged; Muscle Hypertonia; Prochlorperazine; Tetanus
PubMed: 532925
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb08539.x