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Microbiology (Reading, England) Mar 2018Propionate is an abundant catabolite in nature and represents a rich potential source of carbon for the organisms that can utilize it. However, propionate and... (Review)
Review
Propionate is an abundant catabolite in nature and represents a rich potential source of carbon for the organisms that can utilize it. However, propionate and propionate-derived catabolites are also toxic to cells, so propionate catabolism can alternatively be viewed as a detoxification mechanism. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in understanding how prokaryotes catabolize propionic acid, how these pathways are regulated and how they might be exploited to develop novel antibacterial interventions.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Citrates; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Operon; Propionates; Virulence
PubMed: 29458664
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000604 -
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Feb 2024Short-chain fatty acids are known modulators of host-microbe interactions and can affect human health, inflammation, and outcomes of microbial infections. Acetate is the... (Review)
Review
Short-chain fatty acids are known modulators of host-microbe interactions and can affect human health, inflammation, and outcomes of microbial infections. Acetate is the most abundant but least well-studied of these modulators, with most studies focusing on propionate and butyrate, which are considered to be more potent. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge of acetate as an important anti-inflammatory modulator of interactions between hosts and microorganisms. This includes a summary of the pathways by which acetate is metabolized by bacteria and human cells, the functions of acetate in bacterial cells, and the impact that microbially derived acetate has on human immune function.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Propionates; Acetates; Butyrates; Bacteria
PubMed: 36945843
DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220092 -
Trends in Microbiology Mar 2022Intestinal pathogens must combat host and microbiota-associated resistance to establish an infection. A new study (Shelton et al.) highlights how Salmonella manipulates...
Intestinal pathogens must combat host and microbiota-associated resistance to establish an infection. A new study (Shelton et al.) highlights how Salmonella manipulates the mammalian host to produce anaerobic respiratory electron acceptors, allowing catabolism of propionate and providing a competitive edge to Salmonella residing in the gut.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Mammals; Microbiota; Propionates; Respiration; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 35123878
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.011 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 1994To present the CT and MR findings in children with propionic and methylmalonic acidemia. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To present the CT and MR findings in children with propionic and methylmalonic acidemia.
METHODS
Twenty-three new patients with methylmalonic and 20 with propionic acidemia were examined with CT and/or MR of the brain. In total 52 CT and 55 MR studies were done. Twenty-six previously published cases were also reviewed.
RESULTS
The findings were similar in the two syndromes. During the first month of life the examinations were either normal or showed white matter attenuation. Later during the first year moderate or even severe widening of sulci and fissures was seen, especially in infants with propionic acidemia. During therapy, these changes often resolved, especially in the patients with methylmalonic acidemia. Mild to moderate delay in myelination was also a common finding in both disorders. Basal ganglia changes, predominately in the globus pallidus, were seen in five patients with methylmalonic acidemia and in two children with propionic acidemia; in two patients these changes were transient.
CONCLUSION
Children who have methylmalonic or propionic acidemia, in addition to widening of cerebrospinal fluid spaces and some delay in myelination, also often show symmetric involvement of the basal ganglia.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebral Ventriculography; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methylmalonic Acid; Myelin Sheath; Propionates; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 7985563
DOI: No ID Found -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2023To meet the increasing demand for meat and milk, the livestock industry has to increase its production. Without improving its efficiency, increased livestock, especially... (Review)
Review
To meet the increasing demand for meat and milk, the livestock industry has to increase its production. Without improving its efficiency, increased livestock, especially ruminant animals, will worsen the environmental damage, mainly from enteric CH emission. Enteric CH emission from ruminants not only exacerbates the global greenhouse effect but also reduces feed energy efficiency for the animals. The rumen disposes of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) primarily through methanogenesis and propionate formation. Theoretically, redirecting [H] from methanogenesis to propionate formation to reduce CH production could be a promising method for reducing greenhouse gas emission from ruminants, and may also increase animal productivity. However, the feasibility of such a shifting has never been synthetically discussed. Thus, the objectives of this review are to provide a brief overview of the biochemical pathways for disposal of H in the rumen, to analyze current feeding strategies that potentially promote propionate formation and their effects on methanogenesis, and to deliberate the challenge and opportunity associated with propionate formation as a sink to store the [H] shifting from enteric CH inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Methane; Propionates; Ruminants; Rumen; Greenhouse Gases; Livestock; Diet
PubMed: 36122712
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158867 -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Jun 2021
Topics: Cecum; Propionates
PubMed: 34028588
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02579-2 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Mar 2022It is not clearly known whether parity can affect the outcomes of starch reduction in the diet of lactating dairy cows.
Influence of reducing starch in the diets with similar protein and energy contents on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, behaviour and blood metabolites in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows.
BACKGROUND
It is not clearly known whether parity can affect the outcomes of starch reduction in the diet of lactating dairy cows.
INTRODUCTION
A 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the effects of reducing starch in the diets with similar protein and energy contents on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, behaviour and blood metabolites in primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows.
METHODS
Twenty PP cows (DIM = 37 ± 10; 40 ± 5 kg/day of milk; mean ± SD) and 20 MP cows (DIM = 37 ± 9; 48 ± 5 kg/day of milk) were used in present study. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two levels of starch (high vs. low) and two parity categories (PP vs. MP): (1) high-starch diet (29.2% ± 0.70) and PP cows (HS-PP); (2) low-starch diet (22.3% ± 0.52) and PP cows (LS-PP); (3) high-starch diet and MP cows (HS-MP) and (4) low-starch diet and MP cows (LS-MP). All diets were formulated to be similar in crude protein (16.1 % of dry matter) and NEL (1.60 Mcal/kg of dry matter) contents. The amount of metabolise protein was 2688 g/day in high-starch diet and 2728 g/day in low-starch diet. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive periods and included 4 weeks for adaptation and 3 weeks for data collection.
RESULTS
Dry matter intake and the yield of milk true protein and lactose increased but milk fat: protein ratio and nutrient digestibility decreased for cows fed the HS diets compared with the LS diets. The ruminal proportion of propionate was greater but acetate, the acetate to propionate ratio and sorting against long particles (19 and 8 mm) were lower for cows fed the HS diets than the LS diets. Multiparous cows had a greater nutrient intake and milk yield, longer rumination meal length, greater BW, but lower plasma total antioxidant capacity, non-esterified fatty acids, faeces pH compared with PP cows. An interaction between parity and the dietary level of starch was detected on feed efficiency measured as FCM yield/DMI in the way that only within PP cows low-starch diet was more efficient than HS diets. We found another interaction effect of parity × starch on back fat thickens (BFT) change in the way that only within PP cows BFT change was greater for HS compared with LS diet.
CONCLUSION
Overall, regardless of the benefit derived from feeding a reduced-starch diet by partially replacing grains with sugar beet pulp in the diets on nutrient digestibility, a reduced-starch diet may be used more efficiently in PP than in MP cows but at expense of body reserves (i.e. BFT) loses.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Female; Fermentation; Lactation; Parity; Pregnancy; Propionates; Rumen; Starch
PubMed: 35075819
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.722 -
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Nov 2022Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inherited metabolic disorder of propionate metabolism, where the gut microbiota may play a role in pathophysiology and therefore, represent...
Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inherited metabolic disorder of propionate metabolism, where the gut microbiota may play a role in pathophysiology and therefore, represent a relevant therapeutic target. Little is known about the gut microbiota composition and activity in patients with PA. Although clinical practice varies between metabolic treatment centers, management of PA requires combined dietary and pharmaceutical treatments, both known to affect the gut microbiota. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota and its metabolites in fecal samples of patients with PA compared with healthy controls from the same household. Eight patients (aged 3-14y) and 8 controls (4-31y) were recruited from Center 1 (UK) and 7 patients (11-33y) and 6 controls (15-54y) from Center 2 (Austria). Stool samples were collected 4 times over 3 months, alongside data on dietary intakes and medication usage. Several microbial taxa differed between patients with PA and controls, particularly for Center 1, e.g., Proteobacteria levels were increased, whereas butyrate-producing genera, such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium, were decreased. Most measured microbial metabolites were lower in patients with PA, and butyrate was particularly depleted in patients from Center 1. Furthermore, microbiota profile of these patients showed the lowest compositional and functional diversity, and lowest stability over 3 months. As the first study to map the gut microbiota of patients with PA, this work represents an important step forward for developing new therapeutic strategies to further improve PA clinical status. New dietary strategies should consider microbial propionate production as well as butyrate production and microbiota stability.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Propionic Acidemia; Propionates; Feces; Butyrates
PubMed: 36274442
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.09.012 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology May 2023Syntrophic propionate oxidation is one of the rate-limiting steps during anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in anoxic environments. Syntrophic... (Review)
Review
Syntrophic propionate oxidation is one of the rate-limiting steps during anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in anoxic environments. Syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria (SPOB) are members of the "rare biosphere" living at the edge of the thermodynamic limit in most natural habitats. Hitherto, only 10 bacterial species capable of syntrophic propionate oxidization have been identified. SPOB employ different metabolisms for propionate oxidation (e.g., methylmalonyl-CoA pathway and C dismutation pathway) and show diverse life strategies (e.g., obligately and facultatively syntrophic lifestyle). The flavin-based electron bifurcation/confurcation (FBEB/C) systems have been proposed to help solve the thermodynamic dilemma during the formation of the low-potential products H and formate. Molecular ecological approaches, such as DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) and metagenomics, have been used to detect SPOB in natural environments. Furthermore, the biogeographical pattern of SPOB has been recently described in paddy soils. A comprehensive understanding of SPOB is essential for better predicting and managing organic matter decomposition and carbon cycling in anoxic environments. In this review, we described the critical role of syntrophic propionate oxidation in anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, phylogenetic and metabolic diversity, life strategies and ecophysiology, composition of syntrophic partners, and pattern of biogeographic distribution of SPOB in natural environments. We ended up with a few perspectives for future research.
Topics: Propionates; Phylogeny; Oxidation-Reduction; Bacteria; DNA; Methane; Anaerobiosis
PubMed: 37097179
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00384-23 -
Journal of Dental Research May 2023Oral lichen planus (OLP) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are common chronic inflammatory conditions, manifesting as painful oral lesions that negatively affect...
Oral lichen planus (OLP) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are common chronic inflammatory conditions, manifesting as painful oral lesions that negatively affect patients' quality of life. Current treatment approaches are mainly palliative and often ineffective due to inadequate contact time of the therapeutic agent with the lesions. Here, we developed the Dental Tough Adhesive (DenTAl), a bioinspired adhesive patch with robust mechanical properties, capable of strong adhesion against diverse wet and dynamically moving intraoral tissues, and extended drug delivery of clobetasol-17-propionate, a first-line drug for treating OLP and RAS. DenTAl was found to have superior physical and adhesive properties compared to existing oral technologies, with ~2 to 100× adhesion to porcine keratinized gingiva and ~3 to 15× stretchability. Clobetasol-17-propionate incorporated into the DenTAl was released in a tunable sustained manner for at least 3 wk and demonstrated immunomodulatory capabilities , evidenced by reductions in several cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-5, MIP-2, and TIMP-1. Our findings suggest that DenTAl may be a promising device for intraoral delivery of small-molecule drugs applicable to the management of painful oral lesions associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Clobetasol; Hydrogels; Quality of Life; Propionates; Dental Cements; Chronic Disease; Lichen Planus, Oral
PubMed: 36883653
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221148684