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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1977The production of chondroitin sulfatase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease, gelatinase, phosphatase, lecithinase, and hemolysins was examined in 95 strains of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The production of chondroitin sulfatase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease, gelatinase, phosphatase, lecithinase, and hemolysins was examined in 95 strains of Propionibacterium acnes and four related species of anaerobic, respectively, microaerophilic coryneform bacteria (P. avidum, P. lymphophilum, P. granulosum, and Corynebacterium minutissimum). All enzymes could be demonstrated in at least one representative of the species tested. Those Propionibacterium species most frequently found in acne vulgaris lesions, i.e., P. acnes and P. granulosum, proved to be the most active organisms concerning the production of the enzymes tested. P. avidum, on the other hand, showed the highest rate of hemolytic activity.
Topics: Chondroitinsulfatases; Deoxyribonucleases; Hemolysis; Hydrolases; Phospholipases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Propionibacterium acnes; Species Specificity
PubMed: 201661
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.6.6.555-558.1977 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009SAPHO syndrome, representing a constellation of synovitis, acne, palmo-plantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis, is now recognized as a distinct medical entity: a...
SAPHO syndrome, representing a constellation of synovitis, acne, palmo-plantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis, is now recognized as a distinct medical entity: a reactive infectious osteitis. Genetic, immunological, and bacterial mechanisms are implicated in the development of the disease. Diagnostic problems may arise due to non-complete manifestations of SAPHO: either acne and arthritis or acne and anterior wall osteitis with an unclear pustulosis history. The interventional study of Assmann et al. is a significant addition to a long range of publications showing an association of SAPHO with Propionibacterium acnes. Randomized control studies are needed to confirm the effects of antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 19895718
DOI: 10.1186/ar2837 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Capitella teleta, a marine polychaete that feeds on a refractory diet consisting of sediment, was shown to contain unique gut microbiota comprised of microbial...
Capitella teleta, a marine polychaete that feeds on a refractory diet consisting of sediment, was shown to contain unique gut microbiota comprised of microbial functional groups involved in fermentation. Results of our previous studies showed that C. teleta's core gut microbiota were dominated by propionibacteria, and that these bacteria were more abundant in worms than in sediment and feces. In order to test the hypothesis that the worm nutritionally benefits from its gut microbiota, we identified, and genetically and biochemically characterized Cutibacterium acnes strains (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) that were isolated from the gut of C. teleta. Here we show that 13 worm-isolated Cutibacterium acnes strains primarily belonged to phylotype group IB, likely as a clonal population. We also provide evidence that all tested strains produced propionate and vitamin B, which are essential host-requiring microbial metabolites. The presence of C. acnes in C. teleta was not unique to our worm culture and was also found in those obtained from geographically distant laboratories located in the U.S. and Europe. Moreover, populations of worm gut-associated C. acnes increased following antibiotic treatment. Collectively, results of this study demonstrated that C. acnes is a member of the worm's core functional microbiota and is likely selectively favored by the physiology and chemistry of the host gut environment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of C. acnes in the C. teleta gut. Our data strongly suggest that C. acnes, a bacterium previously studied as an opportunistic pathogen, can likely act as a symbiont in C. teleta providing the host essential nutrients for survival, growth, and reproduction.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Polychaeta; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 34688749
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151127 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1996Propionibacterium acnes belongs to the cutaneous flora of humans and is rarely considered a pathogen in human diseases. It is a frequent contaminant in blood cultures;... (Review)
Review
Propionibacterium acnes belongs to the cutaneous flora of humans and is rarely considered a pathogen in human diseases. It is a frequent contaminant in blood cultures; however, in some patients it has been identified as the causative agent of life-threatening infections. Within the last years we have observed an abrupt increase in severe P. acnes infections which prompted us to study in detail the clinical and microbiological features, risk factors, and outcomes of these cases. In a retrospective review of microbiological records of 905 Propionibacterium isolates from a five-year period (1990-95), 70 were identified from 20 patients with clinical and microbiological evidence of a P. acnes infection. The clinical syndromes included endocarditis (7 patients), post-craniotomy infections (6 patients), arthritis and spondylodiscitis (4 patients), endophthalmitis (2 patients) and pansinusitis (1 patient). The predominant predisposing conditions were previous surgery preceding the infection from 2 weeks to 4 years and implantation of foreign bodies such as prosthetic heart valves, intraocular lenses and ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Therapy consisted of intravenous antibiotics in all cases and surgical procedures to remove infected tissue in eighteen patients. The outcome was favorable in sixteen patients (80 percent) who had a complete recovery. These data confirm the pathogenic potential of P. acnes in late post-surgical infections, in particular after implantation of a foreign body, and suggest a combined therapeutic approach with intravenous antibiotics and surgical removal of the infected tissue.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 9436290
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2018Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease occurring in the pilosebaceous unit and is the most common skin condition in young people. A gram-positive bacterium,...
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease occurring in the pilosebaceous unit and is the most common skin condition in young people. A gram-positive bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes, has been suspected to contribute to the development of acne. Here, we report that P. acnes constitutively releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibiting typical EV morphology and size. Moreover, the P. acnes-derived EVs (PEVs) can induce acne-like phenotypes in human epidermal keratinocytes and a reconstituted human skin model. PEVs significantly induced inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and GM-CSF and dysregulated epidermal differentiation by increasing proliferating keratinocytes and decreasing epidermal keratin 10 and desmocollin 1 levels. PEVs showed strong effects, evoking these responses at earlier time points compared with P. acnes extract at the same protein concentration. We verified that PEVs were internalized via clathrin-dependent endocytosis into keratinocytes and that PEV-induced cellular responses occurred via Toll-like receptor 2-dependent signal cascades. Furthermore, PEVs showed a stronger effect than keratinocytes in inducing inflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells. Collectively, our study suggests that PEVs induce acne-like phenotypes in a unique way; therefore, inhibiting the release of EVs from P. acnes or targeting PEV-mediated signaling pathways could represent an alternative method for alleviating acne occurrence and phenotypes.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cell Line; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Extracellular Vesicles; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Keratinocytes; Myeloid Cells; Primary Cell Culture; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 29409885
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.007 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology May 2005Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicle. One of the main pathogenetic factors in acne is the increased proliferation of Propionibacterium...
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicle. One of the main pathogenetic factors in acne is the increased proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) in the pilosebaceous unit. We investigated whether direct interaction of P. acnes with keratinocytes might be involved in the inflammation and ductal hypercornification in acne. The capacities of different P. acnes strains to activate the innate immune response and the growth of cultured keratinocytes were investigated. We have found that two clinical isolates of P. acnes significantly induced human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression; in contrast a third clinical isolate and the reference strain (ATCC11828) had no effect on hBD2 mRNA expression. In contrast, all four strains significantly induced the interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression. The P. acnes-induced increase in hBD2 and IL-8 gene expression could be inhibited by anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and anti-TLR4 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that P. acnes-induced secretion of soluble factors in keratinocytes are both TLR2 and TLR4 dependent. In addition, the clinical isolate P. acnes (889) was capable of inducing keratinocyte cell growth in vitro. Our findings suggest that P. acnes modulates the antimicrobial peptide and chemokine expression of keratinocytes and thereby contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the sites of infections.
Topics: Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Membrane Glycoproteins; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Messenger; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Receptors, Cell Surface; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors; beta-Defensins
PubMed: 15854033
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23705.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2005Although two phenotypes of the opportunistic pathogen Propionibacterium acnes (types I and II) have been described, epidemiological investigations of their roles in...
Although two phenotypes of the opportunistic pathogen Propionibacterium acnes (types I and II) have been described, epidemiological investigations of their roles in different infections have not been widely reported. Using immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) QUBPa1 and QUBPa2, specific for types I and II, respectively, we investigated the prevalences of the two types among 132 P. acnes isolates. Analysis of isolates from failed prosthetic hip implants (n = 40) revealed approximately equal numbers of type I and II organisms. Isolates from failed prosthetic hip-associated bone (n = 6) and tissue (n = 38) samples, as well as isolates from acne (n = 22), dental infections (n = 8), and skin removed during surgical incision (n = 18) were predominately of type I. A total of 11 (8%) isolates showed atypical MAb labeling and could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenetic analysis of P. acnes by nucleotide sequencing revealed the 16S rRNA gene to be highly conserved between types I and II. In contrast, sequence analysis of recA and a putative hemolysin gene (tly) revealed significantly greater type-specific polymorphisms that corresponded to phylogenetically distinct cluster groups. All 11 isolates with atypical MAb labeling were identified as type I by sequencing. Within the recA and tly phylogenetic trees, nine of these isolates formed a cluster distinct from other type I organisms, suggesting a further phylogenetic subdivision within type I. Our study therefore demonstrates that the phenotypic differences between P. acnes types I and II reflect deeper differences in their phylogeny. Furthermore, nucleotide sequencing provides an accurate method for identifying the type status of P. acnes isolates.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Genes, rRNA; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rec A Recombinases; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15634990
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.1.326-334.2005 -
PloS One Aug 2010The involvement of Propionibacterium acnes in the pathogenesis of acne is controversial, mainly owing to its dominance as an inhabitant of healthy skin. This study...
The involvement of Propionibacterium acnes in the pathogenesis of acne is controversial, mainly owing to its dominance as an inhabitant of healthy skin. This study tested the hypothesis that specific evolutionary lineages of the species are associated with acne while others are compatible with health. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on nine housekeeping genes was performed on 210 isolates of P. acnes from well-characterized patients with acne, various opportunistic infections, and from healthy carriers. Although evidence of recombination was observed, the results showed a basically clonal population structure correlated with allelic variation in the virulence genes tly and camp5, with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)- and biotype, and with expressed putative virulence factors. An unexpected geographically and temporal widespread dissemination of some clones was demonstrated. The population comprised three major divisions, one of which, including an epidemic clone, was strongly associated with moderate to severe acne while others were associated with health and opportunistic infections. This dichotomy correlated with previously observed differences in in vitro inflammation-inducing properties. Comparison of five genomes representing acne- and health-associated clones revealed multiple both cluster- and strain-specific genes that suggest major differences in ecological preferences and redefines the spectrum of disease-associated virulence factors. The results of the study indicate that particular clones of P. acnes play an etiologic role in acne while others are associated with health.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Alleles; Cloning, Molecular; Disease Outbreaks; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Evolution, Molecular; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Multigene Family; Opportunistic Infections; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic; Propionibacterium acnes; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin
PubMed: 20808860
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012277 -
Journal of Medical Virology Nov 2020We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium parvum... (Review)
Review
We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenseless situation due to impending CoViD-19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact, no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequate C. parvum protocols.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Factors; Immunologic Surveillance; Propionibacterium acnes; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 32472706
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26100 -
MBio Apr 2013Propionibacterium acnes constitutes a major part of the skin microbiome and contributes to human health. However, it has also been implicated as a pathogenic factor in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
UNLABELLED
Propionibacterium acnes constitutes a major part of the skin microbiome and contributes to human health. However, it has also been implicated as a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acne, one of the most common skin diseases. Its pathogenic role, however, remains elusive. To better understand the genetic landscape and diversity of the organism and its role in human health and disease, we performed a comparative genome analysis of 82 P. acnes strains, 69 of which were sequenced by our group. This collection covers all known P. acnes lineages, including types IA, IB, II, and III. Our analysis demonstrated that although the P. acnes pan-genome is open, it is relatively small and expands slowly. The core regions, shared by all the sequenced genomes, accounted for 88% of the average genome. Comparative genome analysis showed that within each lineage, the strains isolated from the same individuals were more closely related than the ones isolated from different individuals, suggesting that clonal expansions occurred within each individual microbiome. We also identified the genetic elements specific to each lineage. Differences in harboring these elements may explain the phenotypic and functional differences of P. acnes in functioning as a commensal in healthy skin and as a pathogen in diseases. Our findings of the differences among P. acnes strains at the genome level underscore the importance of identifying the human microbiome variations at the strain level in understanding its association with diseases and provide insight into novel and personalized therapeutic approaches for P. acnes-related diseases.
IMPORTANCE
Propionibacterium acnes is a major human skin bacterium. It plays an important role in maintaining skin health. However, it has also been hypothesized to be a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acne, a common skin disease affecting 85% of teenagers. To understand whether different strains have different virulent properties and thus play different roles in health and diseases, we compared the genomes of 82 P. acnes strains, most of which were isolated from acne or healthy skin. We identified lineage-specific genetic elements that may explain the phenotypic and functional differences of P. acnes as a commensal in health and as a pathogen in diseases. By analyzing a large number of sequenced strains, we provided an improved understanding of the genetic landscape and diversity of the organism at the strain level and at the molecular level that can be further applied in the development of new and personalized therapies.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cluster Analysis; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin; Synteny
PubMed: 23631911
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00003-13