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MSphere Jan 2020Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among , , , and strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than type II and III strains and other species. strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most strains harboring the repressor gene, with the exception of strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of , the most dominant skin , and other resident skin propionibacteria, including , , and We revealed that type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Porphyrins; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 31941813
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00793-19 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder worldwide affecting more than 80% of adolescents and young adults with a global prevalence of 231 million cases...
Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder worldwide affecting more than 80% of adolescents and young adults with a global prevalence of 231 million cases in 2019. The involvement of the skin microbiome disbalance in the pathophysiology of acne is recognized, especially regarding the relative abundance and diversity of a well-known dominant human skin commensal. Biofilms, where bacteria are embedded into a protective polymeric extracellular matrix, are the most prevalent life style for microorganisms. and its biofilm-forming ability is believed to be a contributing factor in the development of acne vulgaris, the persistence of the opportunistic pathogen and antibiotic therapy failures. Degradation of the extracellular matrix is one of the strategies used by bacteria to disperse the biofilm of competitors. In this study, we report the identification of an endogenous extracellular nuclease, BmdE, secreted by able to degrade biofilm both and . This, to our knowledge, may represent a novel competitive mechanism between two closely related species in the skin. Antibiotics targeting have been the mainstay in acne treatment. Extensive and long-term use of antibiotics has led to the selection and spread of resistant bacteria. The extracellular DNase BmdE may represent a new bio-therapeutical strategy to combat biofilm in acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Biofilms; Deoxyribonucleases; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35155271
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.809792 -
Communications Biology Sep 2022Human skin is populated by trillions of microbes collectively called the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes are among the most abundant...
Human skin is populated by trillions of microbes collectively called the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes are among the most abundant members of this ecosystem, with described roles in skin health and disease. However, knowledge regarding the health beneficial effects of these ubiquitous skin residents is still limited. Here, we profiled the staphylococcal and C. acnes landscape across four different skin sites of 30 individuals (120 skin samples) using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Relative abundance profiles obtained indicated the existence of phylotype-specific co-existence and exclusion scenarios. Co-culture experiments with 557 staphylococcal strains identified 30 strains exhibiting anti-C. acnes activities. Notably, staphylococcal strains were found to selectively exclude acne-associated C. acnes and co-exist with healthy skin-associated phylotypes, through regulation of the antimicrobial activity. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of skin-resident staphylococci and suggest that selective microbial interference is a contributor to healthy skin homeostasis.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 36071129
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03897-6 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 1988
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cataract Extraction; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 3261615
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6642.201-d -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2017From birth, we are constantly exposed to bacteria, fungi and viruses, some of which are capable of transiently or permanently inhabiting our different body parts as our... (Review)
Review
From birth, we are constantly exposed to bacteria, fungi and viruses, some of which are capable of transiently or permanently inhabiting our different body parts as our microbiota. The majority of our microbial interactions occur during and after birth, and several different factors, including age, sex, genetic constitution, environmental conditions and lifestyle, have been suggested to shape the composition of this microbial community. Propionibacterium acnes is one of the most dominant lipophilic microbes of the postadolescent, sebum-rich human skin regions. Currently, the role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of the most common inflammatory skin disease, acne vulgaris, is a topic of intense scientific debate. Recent results suggest that Westernization strongly increases the dominance of the Propionibacterium genus in human skin compared with natural populations living more traditional lifestyles. According to the disappearing microbiota hypothesis proposed by Martin Blaser, such alterations in the composition of our microbiota are the possible consequences of socioeconomic and lifestyle changes occurring after the industrial revolution. Evanescence of species that are important elements of the human ecosystem might lead to the overgrowth and subsequent dominance of others because of the lack of ecological competition. Such changes can disturb the fine-tuned balance of the human body and, accordingly, our microbes developed through a long co-evolutionary process. These processes might lead to the transformation of a seemingly harmless species into an opportunistic pathogen through bacterial dysbiosis. This might have happened in the case of P. acnes in acne pathogenesis.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Environment; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Life Style; Microbiota; Propionibacterium acnes; Residence Characteristics; Skin; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 27518483
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14967 -
BioMed Research International 2013The anaerobic skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. Previous studies have suggested a role for...
The anaerobic skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes is an underestimated cause of human infections and clinical conditions. Previous studies have suggested a role for the bacterium in lumbar disc herniation and infection. To further investigate this, five biopsy samples were surgically excised from each of 64 patients with lumbar disc herniation. P. acnes and other bacteria were detected by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based identification. In total, 24/64 (38%) patients had evidence of P. acnes in their excised herniated disc tissue. Using recA and mAb typing methods, 52% of the isolates were type II (50% of culture-positive patients), while type IA strains accounted for 28% of isolates (42% patients). Type III (11% isolates; 21% patients) and type IB strains (9% isolates; 17% patients) were detected less frequently. The MIC values for all isolates were lowest for amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin (≤1 mg/L). The MIC for fusidic acid was 1-2 mg/L. The MIC for trimethoprim and gentamicin was 2 to ≥4 mg/L. The demonstration that type II and III strains, which are not frequently recovered from skin, predominated within our isolate collection (63%) suggests that the role of P. acnes in lumbar disc herniation should not be readily dismissed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genotype; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Rec A Recombinases; Skin
PubMed: 24066290
DOI: 10.1155/2013/530382 -
Respiratory Research Feb 2017This study aims to use high throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing to examine the bacterial profile of lymph node biopsy samples of patients with sarcoidosis and to further... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to use high throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing to examine the bacterial profile of lymph node biopsy samples of patients with sarcoidosis and to further verify the association between Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and sarcoidosis.
METHODS
A total of 36 mediastinal lymph node biopsy specimens were collected from 17 cases of sarcoidosis, 8 tuberculosis (TB group), and 11 non-infectious lung diseases (control group). The V4 region of the bacterial 16SrRNA gene in the specimens was amplified and sequenced using the high throughput sequencing platform MiSeq, and bacterial profile was established. The data analysis software QIIME and Metastats were used to compare bacterial relative abundance in the three patient groups.
RESULTS
Overall, 545 genera were identified; 38 showed significantly lower and 29 had significantly higher relative abundance in the sarcoidosis group than in the TB and control groups (P < 0.01). P. acnes 16SrRNA was exclusively found in all the 17 samples of the sarcoidosis group, whereas was not detected in the TB and control groups. The relative abundance of P. acnes in the sarcoidosis group (0.16% ± 0. 11%) was significantly higher than that in the TB (Metastats analysis: P = 0.0010, q = 0.0044) and control groups (Metastats analysis: P = 0.0010, q = 0.0038). The relative abundance of P. granulosum was only 0.0022% ± 0. 0044% in the sarcoidosis group. P. granulosum 16SrRNA was not detected in the other two groups.
CONCLUSION
High throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing appears to be a useful tool to investigate the bacterial profile of sarcoidosis specimens. The results suggest that P. acnes may be involved in sarcoidosis development.
Topics: Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Middle Aged; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 28143482
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0515-z -
Hawai'i Journal of Health & Social... Nov 2019Infection is a rare but serious complication of shoulder arthroplasty. The most prevalent cause of patient infections is (formerly ), a commensal skin bacterial...
Infection is a rare but serious complication of shoulder arthroplasty. The most prevalent cause of patient infections is (formerly ), a commensal skin bacterial species. Its presentation is often non-specific and can occur long after shoulder arthroplasty, leading to delay in diagnosis. This bacterium is difficult to culture, typically taking 14 to 17 days for a positive culture and often does not exhibit abnormal results on a standard laboratory workup for infection (eg, ESR, CRP, and synovial WBC count). Male patients are at particularly high-risk due to having a greater number of sebaceous follicles than females. While it is difficult to diagnose, early diagnosis can lead to decreased morbidity, appropriate treatment, and improved clinical outcomes. Current options for treatment include antibiotics, one stage implant exchange, or two stage implant exchange, although success rates of each are not currently well described. A better understanding of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection could lead to better patient outcomes from shoulder arthroplasty.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Sex Factors; Shoulder Joint; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 31773103
DOI: No ID Found -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Aug 2021Cutibacterium spp. play an increasing role in soft tissue and implant-associated infections. We isolated a novel Cutibacterium spp. from an implant and investigated this...
Cutibacterium spp. play an increasing role in soft tissue and implant-associated infections. We isolated a novel Cutibacterium spp. from an implant and investigated this isolate using multiple identification approaches. Correct identification was hampered by inconsistent reference data. The isolate was characterised using conventional methods such as Gram stain, MALDI-TOF MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing against multiple antimicrobials. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome sequencing were also performed. In addition, we summarised the available published sequence data and compared prior data to our strain. Conventional phenotypic identification of our isolate resulted in Cutibacterium spp. After analysis of 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, our isolate was identified as C. modestum, a very recently described species. The 16S rRNA gene analysis was hampered by three incorrect nucleotides within the 16S rRNA gene reference sequence of C. modestum M12 (accession no. LC466959). We also clearly demonstrate that this novel species is identical to tentatively named "Propionibacterium humerusii". Retrospective data analysis indicates that C. modestum is a clinically important Cutibacterium species often misidentified as C. acnes. The isolation and identification of Cutibacterium spp. is still a challenge. The correct description of very recently named C. modestum and the availability of a correct 16S rRNA sequence of the type strain may help to clarify the taxonomical uncertainty concerning "P. humerusii". The novel C. modestum is an additional, clinically important species within the genus Cutibacterium and may represent a new member of the human skin microbiome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33961161
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01589-5 -
PloS One 2017Although rare, cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is potentially fatal. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential, but histopathologic diagnosis is limited. We aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Although rare, cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is potentially fatal. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential, but histopathologic diagnosis is limited. We aimed to detect Propionibacterium acnes, a commonly implicated etiologic agent of sarcoidosis, in myocardial tissues obtained from CS patients.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded myocardial tissues obtained by surgery or autopsy and endomyocardial biopsy from patients with CS (n = 26; CS-group), myocarditis (n = 15; M-group), or other cardiomyopathies (n = 39; CM-group) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody. We found granulomas in 16 (62%) CS-group samples. Massive (≥14 inflammatory cells) and minimal (<14 inflammatory cells) inflammatory foci, respectively, were detected in 16 (62%) and 11 (42%) of the CS-group samples, 10 (67%) and 10 (67%) of the M-group samples, and 1 (3%) and 18 (46%) of the CM-group samples. P. acnes-positive reactivity in granulomas, massive inflammatory foci, and minimal inflammatory foci were detected in 10 (63%), 10 (63%), and 8 (73%) of the CS-group samples, respectively, and in none of the M-group and CM-group samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Frequent identification of P. acnes in sarcoid granulomas of originally aseptic myocardial tissues suggests that this indigenous bacterium causes granuloma in many CS patients. IHC detection of P. acnes in massive or minimal inflammatory foci of myocardial biopsy samples without granulomas may be useful for differentiating sarcoidosis from myocarditis or other cardiomyopathies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Biopsy; Cardiomyopathies; Female; Granuloma; Heart; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Myocarditis; Propionibacterium acnes; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 28686683
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179980