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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2019Phloretin is a natural chalcone with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the anti-acne activity of phloretin against -induced skin...
Phloretin is a natural chalcone with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the anti-acne activity of phloretin against -induced skin infection and the potential target proteins of its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Phloretin potently inhibited the growth of and -induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated inflammatory signaling in human keratinocytes. Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase assay confirmed that the anti-inflammatory activity of phloretin is associated with the -stimulated TLR2-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Phloretin significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), showing a binding affinity of 1.184 × 10 M. We also found that phloretin binds with micromolar affinity to β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (KAS III), an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis. Conformation-sensitive native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that phloretin reduced KAS III-mediated 3-ketoacyl ACP production by over 66%. A docking study revealed that phloretin interacts with the active sites of JNK1 and KAS III, suggesting their involvement in -induced inflammation and their potential as targets for the antibacterial activity of phloretin. These results demonstrate that phloretin may be useful in the prevention or treatment of infection.
Topics: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Binding Sites; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Phloretin; Propionibacterium acnes; Protein Binding; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Structure-Activity Relationship; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 30987239
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071319 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2012Propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic-implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. We investigated...
Propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic-implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. We investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm P. acnes in vitro and in a foreign-body infection model. The MIC and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.007 and 4 μg/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 μg/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 μg/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 μg/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 and 16 μg/ml for penicillin G, 0.125 and 512 μg/ml for clindamycin, and 0.25 and 32 μg/ml for ceftriaxone. The P. acnes minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was 16 μg/ml for rifampin; 32 μg/ml for penicillin G; 64 μg/ml for daptomycin and ceftriaxone; and ≥128 μg/ml for levofloxacin, vancomycin, and clindamycin. In the animal model, implants were infected by injection of 10⁹ CFU P. acnes in cages. Antimicrobial activity on P. acnes was investigated in the cage fluid (planktonic form) and on explanted cages (biofilm form). The cure rates were 4% for daptomycin, 17% for vancomycin, 0% for levofloxacin, and 36% for rifampin. Rifampin cured 63% of the infected cages in combination with daptomycin, 46% with vancomycin, and 25% with levofloxacin. While all tested antimicrobials showed good activity against planktonic P. acnes, for eradication of biofilms, rifampin was needed. In combination with rifampin, daptomycin showed higher cure rates than with vancomycin in this foreign-body infection model.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Calorimetry; Foreign Bodies; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Guinea Pigs; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes; Rifampin
PubMed: 22252806
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.05552-11 -
A comparison of culture and PCR methods for identifying in lesions isolated from patients with acne.Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Jun 2017One of the factors that affect the occurrence of acne is the presence of . The present study was conducted to compare the culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND/AIM
One of the factors that affect the occurrence of acne is the presence of . The present study was conducted to compare the culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for identifying in lesions isolated from patients with acne.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To examine the presence of , 70 samples of acne lesions were collected. Microbial culture and the PCR molecular technique were used to identify .
RESULTS
Of the total of 70 samples, 14 cases (20%) were identified as positive using microbial culture and 58 cases (82.85%) using PCR. The results obtained showed the lack of a relationship between the frequency of and factors such as sex, family history of acne, and history of treatment with either of the techniques examined (i.e. the microbial culture and PCR). In contrast, a significant relationship was observed between the frequency of and age with the culture method.
CONCLUSION
Given the limitations in the identification of using microbial culture, PCR is proposed as a better method with a higher efficiency.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; Young Adult
PubMed: 28618752
DOI: 10.3906/sag-1602-51 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Hahella chejuensis, a marine-derived microorganism, has several biological functions, including antimicrobial activity and...
Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Hahella chejuensis, a marine-derived microorganism, has several biological functions, including antimicrobial activity and inflammatory relief. In this study, the antibacterial activity of prodigiosin against skin microorganisms was explored. Paper disc assay on skin bacterial cells revealed that Cutibacterium acnes related to acne vulgaris highly susceptible to prodigiosin. MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) were determined on Cutibacterium species. The RNA-seq analysis of prodigiosin-treated C. acnes cells was performed to understand the antibacterial mechanism of prodigiosin. Among changes in the expression of hundreds of genes, the expression of a stress-responsive sigma factor encoded by sigB increased. Conversely, the gene expression of cell wall biosynthesis and energy metabolism was inhibited by prodigiosin. Specifically, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of porphyrin, a pro-inflammatory metabolite, was significantly reduced. Therefore, prodigiosin could be used to control C. acnes. Our study provided new insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of prodigiosin against C. acnes strains.
Topics: Humans; Prodigiosin; Transcriptome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acne Vulgaris; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37833344
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44612-7 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2021Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the most widely used probiotic, but the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain unresolved. Previous studies typically...
BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the most widely used probiotic, but the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain unresolved. Previous studies typically inoculated LGG in hosts with established gut microbiota, limiting the understanding of specific impacts of LGG on host due to numerous interactions among LGG, commensal microbes, and the host. There has been a scarcity of studies that used gnotobiotic animals to elucidate LGG-host interaction, in particular for gaining specific insights about how it modifies the metabolome. To evaluate whether LGG affects the metabolite output of pathobionts, we inoculated with LGG gnotobiotic mice containing Propionibacterium acnes, Turicibacter sanguinis, and Staphylococcus aureus (PTS).
RESULTS
16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples by Ion Torrent and MinION platforms showed colonization of germ-free mice by PTS or by PTS plus LGG (LTS). Although the body weights and feeding rates of mice remained similar between PTS and LTS groups, co-associating LGG with PTS led to a pronounced reduction in abundance of P. acnes in the gut. Addition of LGG or its secretome inhibited P. acnes growth in culture. After optimizing procedures for fecal metabolite extraction and metabolomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, unsupervised and supervised multivariate analyses revealed a distinct separation among fecal metabolites of PTS, LTS, and germ-free groups. Variables-important-in-projection scores showed that LGG colonization robustly diminished guanine, ornitihine, and sorbitol while significantly elevating acetylated amino acids, ribitol, indolelactic acid, and histamine. In addition, carnitine, betaine, and glutamate increased while thymidine, quinic acid and biotin were reduced in both PTS and LTS groups. Furthermore, LGG association reduced intestinal mucosal expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α.
CONCLUSIONS
LGG co-association had a negative impact on colonization of P. acnes, and markedly altered the metabolic output and inflammatory response elicited by pathobionts.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Female; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Germ-Free Life; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34082713
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02178-2 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2023The composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an 'acne microbiome' dominated...
BACKGROUND
The composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an 'acne microbiome' dominated by specific strains of Cutibacterium acnes. However, the precise timing of skin microbiome evolution, the development of the acne microbiome, and the shift to virulent C. acnes strain composition during puberty is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
We performed a cross-sectional pilot study in a paediatric population to understand how and when the skin microbiome composition transitions during puberty and whether a distinct 'acne microbiome' emerges in paediatric subjects.
METHODS
Forty-eight volunteers including males and females, ages 7-17 years, with and without acne were enrolled and evaluated for pubertal development using the Tanner staging criteria. Sebum levels were measured, and skin microbiota were collected by sterile swab on the subject's forehead. DNA was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing.
RESULTS
A significant shift in microbial diversity emerged between early (T1-T2) and late (T3-T5) stages of puberty, coinciding with increased sebum production on the face. The overall relative abundance of C. acnes in both normal and acne skin increased during puberty and individual C. acnes strains were uniquely affected by pubertal stage and the presence of acne. Further, an acne microbiome signature associated with unique C. acnes strain composition and metabolic activity emerges in late puberty in those with acne. This unique C. acnes strain composition is predicted to have increased porphyrin production, which may contribute to skin inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that the stage of pubertal development influences skin microbiome composition. As children mature, a distinct acne microbiome composition emerges in those with acne. Understanding how both puberty and acne influence the microbiome may support novel therapeutic strategies to combat acne in the paediatric population.
Topics: Adult; Male; Female; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Pilot Projects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Microbiota; Puberty
PubMed: 36165604
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18616 -
Journal of Bacteriology Apr 1963Moore, W. E. C. (Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg) and Elizabeth P. Cato. Validity of Propionibacterium acnes...
Moore, W. E. C. (Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg) and Elizabeth P. Cato. Validity of Propionibacterium acnes (Gilchrist) Douglas and Gunter comb. nov. J. Bacteriol. 85:870-874. 1963.-ATCC strains of Corynebacterium acnes 11827, 6921, and 6922 were tested and consistently found to ferment lactate with the production of propionate, acetate, and succinate under strictly anaerobic conditions. ATCC strains of eight species of Propionibacterium fermented lactate under strictly anaerobic or under deep broth aerobic culture conditions. The ratios of fermentation products of each of the organisms were essentially identical, indicating that C. acnes should properly be classified in the genus Propionibacterium as suggested by Douglas and Gunter. Serological tests demonstrated that this organism shares antigens in common with several of the other species of Propionibacterium.
Topics: Classification; Corynebacterium; Fermentation; Lactic Acid; Propionates; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 14044956
DOI: 10.1128/jb.85.4.870-874.1963 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2020Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a common disorder of human skin involving the sebaceous gland and (). Although there are a number of treatments suggested for...
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a common disorder of human skin involving the sebaceous gland and (). Although there are a number of treatments suggested for acne, many of them have limitations in their safety and have efficacy issues. Therefore, there is a high demand to develop safe and effective novel acne treatments. In the present study, we demonstrate the protective effects of Pall. leaves (RDL) extract against -induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that RDL dose-dependently inhibited the growth of skin bacteria, including (KCTC3314) and aerobic (KCTC1621) or (KCTC1917). The downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by RDL appears to be mediated by blocking the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and subsequent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in -stimulated HaCaT cells. In a mouse model of acne vulgaris, histopathological changes were examined in the -induced mouse ear edema. The concomitant intradermal injection of RDL resulted in the reduction of ear swelling in mice along with microabscess but exerted no cytotoxic effects for skin cells. Instrumental analysis demonstrated there were seven major components in the RDL extract, and they seemed to have important roles in the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of RDL. Conclusively, our present work showed for the first time that RDL has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects against , suggesting RDL as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of acne, including natural additives in anti-acne cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mice; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-kappa B; Propionibacterium acnes; Rosa
PubMed: 32138302
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051717 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2015In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium...
Propionibacterium acnes Recovered from Atherosclerotic Human Carotid Arteries Undergoes Biofilm Dispersion and Releases Lipolytic and Proteolytic Enzymes in Response to Norepinephrine Challenge In Vitro.
In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes and its potential association with biofilm structures within the arterial wall. The P. acnes 16S rRNA gene was detectable in 4 of 15 carotid artery samples, and viable P. acnes was one among 10 different bacterial species recoverable in culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 5 additional atherosclerotic carotid arteries demonstrated biofilm bacteria within all samples, with P. acnes detectable in 4 samples. We also demonstrated that laboratory-grown cultures of P. acnes biofilms were susceptible to induction of a biofilm dispersion response when challenged with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine in the presence of iron-bound transferrin or with free iron. The production and release of lipolytic and proteolytic extracellular enzymes by P. acnes were shown to increase in iron-induced dispersed biofilms, and these dispersion-induced P. acnes VP1 biofilms showed increased expression of mRNAs for the triacylglycerol lipases PPA2105 and PPA1796 and the hyaluronate lyase PPA380 compared to that in untreated biofilms. These results demonstrate that P. acnes can infect the carotid arteries of humans with atherosclerosis as a component of multispecies biofilms and that dispersion is inducible for this organism, at least in vitro, with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine resulting in the production and release of degradative enzymes.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Biofilms; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Humans; Iron; Molecular Sequence Data; Norepinephrine; Peptide Hydrolases; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 26216428
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00510-15 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2013New compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents...
New compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents used at present. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are attracting attention as potential new topical treatments for Gram-positive infections due to their antimicrobial potency and anti-inflammatory properties. This present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six LC-PUFAs against P. acnes and S. aureus to evaluate their potential to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against P. acnes and S. aureus, and the LC-PUFAs were found to inhibit bacterial growth at 32-1024 mg/L. Generally, P. acnes was more susceptible to the growth inhibitory actions of LC-PUFAs, but these compounds were bactericidal only for S. aureus. This is the first report of antibacterial activity attributed to 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-OHEPA) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETrE), while the anti-P. acnes effects of the six LC-PUFAs used herein are novel observations. During exposure to the LC-PUFAs, S. aureus cells were killed within 15-30 min. Checkerboard assays demonstrated that the LC-PUFAs did not antagonise the antimicrobial potency of clinical agents used presently against P. acnes and S. aureus. However, importantly, synergistic interactions against S. aureus were detected for combinations of benzoyl peroxide with 15-OHEPA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and HETrE; and neomycin with 15-OHEPA, DGLA, eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid and HETrE. In conclusion, LC-PUFAs warrant further evaluation as possible new agents to treat skin infections caused by P. acnes and S. aureus, especially in synergistic combinations with antimicrobial agents already used clinically.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 24232668
DOI: 10.3390/md11114544