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BioMed Research International 2017Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most frequent reasons for painful shoulder arthroplasties and revision surgery of shoulder arthroplasties. is one of... (Review)
Review
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most frequent reasons for painful shoulder arthroplasties and revision surgery of shoulder arthroplasties. is one of the microorganisms that most often causes the infection. However, this slow growing microorganism is difficult to detect. This paper presents an overview of different diagnostic test to detect a periprosthetic shoulder infection. This includes nonspecific diagnostic tests and specific tests (with identifying the responsible microorganism). The aspiration can combine different specific and nonspecific tests. In dry aspiration and suspected joint infection, we recommend a biopsy. Several therapeutic options exist for the treatment of PJI of shoulder arthroplasties. In acute infections, the options include leaving the implant in place with open debridement, septic irrigation with antibacterial fluids like octenidine or polyhexanide solution, and exchange of all removable components. In late infections (more than four weeks after implantation) the therapeutic options are a permanent spacer, single-stage revision, and two-stage revision with a temporary spacer. The functional results are best after single-stage revisions with a success rate similar to two-stage revisions. For single-stage revisions, the microorganism should be known preoperatively so that specific antibiotics can be mixed into the cement for implantation of the new prosthesis and specific systemic antibiotic therapy can be applied to support the surgery.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthroplasty; Biopsy; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Reoperation; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 29423407
DOI: 10.1155/2017/4582756 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2018We report the high susceptibility of several clinical isolates of Propionibacterium acnes from different sources (skin, bone, wound exudates, abscess or blood...
We report the high susceptibility of several clinical isolates of Propionibacterium acnes from different sources (skin, bone, wound exudates, abscess or blood contamination) to the head-to-tail cyclized bacteriocin AS-48. This peptide is a feasible candidate for further pharmacological development against this bacterium, due to its physicochemical and biological characteristics, even when it is growing in a biofilm. Thus, the treatment of pre-formed biofilms with AS-48 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent disruption of the biofilm architecture beside the decrease of bacterial viability. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of lysozyme to bolster the inhibitory activity of AS-48 against P. acnes, rendering high reductions in the MIC values, even in matrix-growing cultures, according to the results obtained using a range of microscopy and bioassay techniques. The improvement of the activity of AS-48 through its co-formulation with lysozyme may be considered an alternative in the control of P. acnes, especially after proving the absence of cytotoxicity demonstrated by these natural compounds on relevant human skin cell lines. In summary, this study supports that compositions comprising the bacteriocin AS-48 plus lysozyme must be considered as promising candidates for topical applications with medical and pharmaceutical purposes against dermatological diseases such as acne vulgaris.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Flow Cytometry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Muramidase; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 30082920
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29580-7 -
Glycobiology Mar 2022Propionibacterium acnes, though generally considered part of the normal flora of human skin, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with acne vulgaris as well as other...
Propionibacterium acnes, though generally considered part of the normal flora of human skin, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with acne vulgaris as well as other diseases, including endocarditis, endophthalmitis and prosthetic joint infections. Its virulence potential is also supported by knowledge gained from its sequenced genome. Indeed, a vaccine targeting a putative cell wall-anchored P. acnes sialidase has been shown to suppress cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine release induced by the organism, and is proposed as an alternative treatment for P. acnes-associated diseases. Here, we report the crystal structures of the surface sialidase and its complex with the transition-state mimic Neu5Ac2en. Our structural and kinetic analyses, together with insight from a glycan array screen, which probes subtle specificities of the sialidase for α-2,3-sialosides, provide a basis for the structure-based design of novel small-molecule therapeutics against P. acnes infections.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Neuraminidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 34792586
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab094 -
PloS One 2018In this study, we investigated the anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipogenic effects of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed hexane extracts, focusing on the...
In this study, we investigated the anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipogenic effects of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed hexane extracts, focusing on the Propionibacterium acnes-triggered inflammation and lipogenesis. Hemp seed hexane extracts (HSHE) showed anti-microbial activity against P. acnes. The expression of iNOS, COX-2, and the subsequent production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin increased after infection of P. acnes in HaCaT cells, however, upon treating with HSHE, their expressions were reduced. P. acnes-induced expressions of IL-1β and IL-8 were also reduced. HSHE exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating NF-κB and MAPKs signaling and blunting the translocation of p-NF-κB to the nucleus in P. acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells. Moreover, P. acnes-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and their downstream targets c-Fos and c-Jun, was also inhibited by HSHE. In addition, the transactivation of AP-1 induced by P. acnes infection was also downregulated by HSHE. Notably, HSHE regulated inflammation and lipid biosynthesis via regulating AMPK and AKT/FoxO1 signaling in IGF-1-induced inflammation and lipogenesis of sebocytes. In addition, HSHE inhibited 5-lipoxygenase level and P. acnes-induced MMP-9 activity, and promoted collagen biosynthesis in vitro. Thus, HSHE could be utilized to treat acne vulgaris, through its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipogenic, and collagen-promoting properties.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; Cannabis; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hexanes; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Lipogenesis; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebaceous Glands; Seeds
PubMed: 30148860
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202933 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica 2003Acne is a common disease that in cases of extreme disfiguration can have severe consequences for the personality development of young people and is associated with a... (Review)
Review
Acne is a common disease that in cases of extreme disfiguration can have severe consequences for the personality development of young people and is associated with a relatively high prevalence of depression and suicide. Spontaneous regression is common, but acne can extend into the fourth and fifth decades of life. The pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Factors promoting the development of acne are: increased sebum production, ductal cornification, bacterial colonization of the pilosebaceus ducts and inflammation. However, there is evidence that inflammation is not a factor but rather a consequence of the interaction of the other three factors. Propionibacterium acnes releases pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as antigens and mitogen(s), with cellular and non-cellular responses to these products triggering inflammation. Treatment is often frustran. Therapeutical strategies are needed based on new understandings of the pathomechanisms involved in acne. The aim of this review is to summarize the data on aetiopathological factors in acne and their contribution to acne pathology and therapy.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Infective Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Retinoids
PubMed: 12926793
DOI: 10.1080/00015550310016463 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Mar 1974
Review
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Fatty Acids; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Models, Biological; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum
PubMed: 4274209
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12724280 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Sep 2009Propionibacterium acnes is considered to be involved in the aggravation of acne vulgaris, but it remains unclear whether P. acnes directly influences lipogenesis in...
Propionibacterium acnes is considered to be involved in the aggravation of acne vulgaris, but it remains unclear whether P. acnes directly influences lipogenesis in sebaceous glands. In this study, we showed that a culture medium of P. acnes (acnes-CM) and formalin-killed P. acnes (F-acnes) prepared from P. acnes strains, JCM6473 and JCM6425, intracellularly augmented lipid droplet formation and triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis in undifferentiated and insulin-differentiated hamster sebocytes. Acnes-CM and F-acnes prepared from four clinical P. acnes strains elicited the same lipogenesis augmentation. The augmented TG production resulted from an increase in the diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. Topical application of acnes-CM to the skin of hamster auricles every day for 4 weeks revealed that sebum accumulation was augmented in sebaceous glands and ducts. Furthermore, both acnes-CM and F-acnes increased the production of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-linked sebaceous lipogenic factor, in differentiated sebocytes. A CYP inhibitor, SKF-525A, decreased the acnes-CM- and F-acnes-augmented production of TG and 15d-PGJ(2). Thus, to our knowledge these results provide previously unreported evidence that P. acnes directly participates in the augmentation of sebaceous lipogenesis through a proposed mechanism in which an increase of 15d-PGJ(2) production through the CYP pathway is closely associated with the enhancement of TG production.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cricetinae; Lipogenesis; Male; Mesocricetus; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostaglandin D2; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum; Triglycerides
PubMed: 19282842
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.46 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1980Botryomycosis ofthe liver developed in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy. The botyromycosis was caused by Propionibacterium acnes, which grew only...
Botryomycosis ofthe liver developed in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy. The botyromycosis was caused by Propionibacterium acnes, which grew only anaerobically. The patient was successfully treated medically and at followup is asymptomatic.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 7358842
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.11.2.184-185.1980 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jan 2024Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium on the skin that is generally well-tolerated, but different strain types have been hypothesized to contribute to the disease...
Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium on the skin that is generally well-tolerated, but different strain types have been hypothesized to contribute to the disease acne vulgaris. To understand how some strain types might contribute to skin inflammation, we generated a repository of C. acnes isolates from skin swabs of healthy subjects and subjects with acne and assessed their strain-level identity and capacity to stimulate cytokine release. Phylotype II K-type strains were more frequent on healthy and nonlesional skin of subjects with acne than those isolated from lesions. Phylotype IA-1 C-type strains were increased on lesional skin compared with those on healthy skin. The capacity to induce cytokines from cultured monocyte-derived dendritic cells was opposite to this action on sebocytes and keratinocytes and did not correlate with the strain types associated with the disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a linear plasmid in high-inflammatory isolates within similar strain types that had different proinflammatory responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse skin after intradermal injection showed that strains containing this plasmid induced a higher inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. These findings revealed that C. acnes strain type is insufficient to predict inflammation and that carriage of a plasmid could contribute to disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Dermatitis; Propionibacterium acnes; Plasmids; Inflammation; Cytokines
PubMed: 37478901
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.029 -
PloS One 2022The contribution of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and the antibiotic therapy has evoked several controversies in...
BACKGROUND
The contribution of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and the antibiotic therapy has evoked several controversies in recent years. While some microbiology studies report bacterial disc infection within IDD patients, others attribute the positive results to contamination during prolonged cultures. In addition to the clinical controversy, little was known about the mechanism of C. acnes-caused Modic changes (MCs) if C. acnes was the pathogenic factor.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory mechanism of MCs induced by different phylotypes of C. acnes in patients with IDD.
METHODS
Specimens from sixty patients undergoing microdiscectomy for disc herniation were included, C. acnes were identified by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based methods. The identified species of C. acnes were respectively inoculated into the intervertebral discs of rabbits. MRI and histological change were observed. Additionally, we detected MMP expression in the rabbit model using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
RESULTS
Of the 60 cases, 18 (30%) specimens were positive for C. acnes, and we identified 4 of 6 defined phylogroups: IA, IB, II and III. The rabbits that received Type IB or II strains of C. acnes showed significantly decreased T1WI and higher T2WI at eighth weeks, while strain III C. acnes resulted in hypointense signals on both T1WI and T2WI. Histological examination results showed that all of the three types of C. acnes could cause disc degeneration and endplates rupture. Moreover, endplate degeneration induced by type IB or II strains of C. acnes is related with MMP13 expression. Meanwhile, strain III C. acnes might upregulated the level of MMP3.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that C. acnes is widespread in herniated disc tissues. Different types of C. acnes could induce different MCs by increasing MMP expression.
Topics: Animals; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Propionibacterium acnes; Rabbits
PubMed: 35819943
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270982