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Orthopaedic Surgery Jan 2022To evaluate the proprioceptive and clinical function of the knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with various amounts of remnant preserved...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the proprioceptive and clinical function of the knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with various amounts of remnant preserved with as few confounding factors as possible.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 46 patients who underwent ACLR with remnant preservation between March 2013 and February 2019. These patients had less than 6 months injury-to-surgery interval and no concomitant injuries. The researchers divided these subjects into two groups based on the length of the remnant preserved after ACLR, with group A defined as having more than 1/3 of the original length preserved and group B defined as less than 1/3 of the original length preserved. Clinical scores were obtained using the Lysholm knee scoring scale and the Tegner activity scale. The Lysholm score was calculated preoperatively, at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and at the last follow up. The Tegner score was calculated preoperatively, at 12 months postoperatively and at the last follow up. Anterior laxity was measured using the KT2000 arthrometer preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. Proprioceptive function was evaluated through reproduction of passive positioning (RPP) and threshold to detection of passive motion (TDPM). Both RPP and TDPM were measured at the angle of 15° at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Unpaired t-tests were performed to investigate the difference in each parameters between the two groups.
RESULTS
In the present study, 20 patients were classified into group A and 26 into group B. All patients were followed up for an average of 34.70 ± 12.79 months. All 46 patients were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery and no complications were reported at the end of the study. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the Lysholm score and anterior laxity by KT2000 at all time points. The Tegner score was significantly higher in group A at 12 months postoperatively and at the final follow-up. In addition, group A's RPP was significantly better than that of group B's when tested at the angles of 15° and 30° at 3 months postoperatively, and at the angle of 15° at 6 months postoperatively. Group A's TDPM was also significantly better than that of group B's at all three tested angles at 3 months postoperatively, and at the angle of 15° at 6 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSION
Patients with ACLR with more than 1/3 of the original length preserved demonstrated a higher activity level 12 months postoperatively and better proprioceptive function at 15° of extension at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Female; Humans; Male; Proprioception; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 34862745
DOI: 10.1111/os.12763 -
Experimental Brain Research Aug 2023Human hands are complex biomechanical systems that allow for dexterous tasks with many degrees of freedom. Coordination of the fingers is essential for many activities...
Human hands are complex biomechanical systems that allow for dexterous tasks with many degrees of freedom. Coordination of the fingers is essential for many activities of daily living and involves integrating sensory signals. During this sensory integration, the central nervous system deals with the uncertainty of sensory signals. When handling compliant objects, force and position are related. Interactions with stiff objects result in reduced position changes and increased force changes compared to compliant objects. Literature has shown sensory integration of force and position at the shoulder. Nevertheless, differences in sensory requirements between proximal and distal joints may lead to different proprioceptive representations, hence findings at proximal joints cannot be directly transferred to distal joints, such as the digits. Here, we investigate the sensory integration of force and position during pinching. A haptic manipulator rendered a virtual spring with adjustable stiffness between the index finger and the thumb. Participants had to blindly reproduce a force against the spring. In both visual reference trials and blind reproduction trials, the relation between pinch force and spring compression was constant. However, by covertly changing the spring characteristics in catch trials into an adjusted force-position relation, the participants' weighting of force and position could be revealed. In agreement with previous studies on the shoulder, participants relied more on force sense in trials with higher stiffness. This study demonstrated stiffness-dependent sensory integration of force and position feedback during pinching.
Topics: Humans; Feedback; Activities of Daily Living; Fingers; Proprioception; Feedback, Sensory
PubMed: 37382669
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06654-1 -
Journal of Hand Therapy : Official... 2024Hand therapist should take into consideration the importance of hand proprioception in long-term functional outcomes and its potential impairment due to various factors....
Hand therapist should take into consideration the importance of hand proprioception in long-term functional outcomes and its potential impairment due to various factors. Rehabilitation programs should focus on proprioceptive training for hand injuries but also consider broader aspects such as global proprioception, plantar support, posture, and balance. Patient's experience after a significant hand and forearm injury resulting from a sports accident, multiple surgeries, and the challenges of recovery emphasizes the importance of holistic approaches to rehabilitation, considering both physical and mental aspects, and praises the role of the physiotherapist in providing comprehensive support and building confidence.
Topics: Humans; Proprioception; Hand Injuries; Male; Adult; Female
PubMed: 38342641
DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2023.10.002 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Apr 2022We investigated the impairment of position sense associated with muscle fatigue. In , participants performed learned eccentric extension (22°/s) movements of the elbow...
We investigated the impairment of position sense associated with muscle fatigue. In , participants performed learned eccentric extension (22°/s) movements of the elbow as the arm was pulled through the horizontal plane without vision of the arm. They opened their closed right hand when they judged it to be passing through a target. Dynamic position sense was assessed via accuracy of limb position to the target at the time of hand opening. Eccentric movements were performed against a flexion load [10% of flexion maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs)]. We investigated performance under conditions with and without biceps vibration, as well as before and after eccentric exercise. In , a motor was used to extend the participant's limb passively. We compared conditions with and without vibration of the lengthening but passive biceps, before and after exercise. In , vibration of the active biceps resulted in participants opening their hands earlier [mean, [Formula: see text] (95% confidence interval, CI) -5.52° (-7.40, -3.63)] compared with without vibration. Exercise reduced flexion MVCs by ∼44%, and participants undershot the target more [-5.51° (-9.31, -1.70)] in the post-exercise block during control trials. Exercise did not influence the persistence of the vibratory illusion. In , vibration resulted in greater undershooting [-2.99° (-3.99, -1.98)] compared with without vibration, before and after exercise. Although exercise reduced MVCs by ∼50%, the passive task showed no effects of exercise. We suggest that the central nervous system continues to rely on muscle spindles for limb position sense, even when they reside in a muscle exposed to fatiguing eccentric contractions. Dynamic position errors were examined in an eccentric and a passive elbow extension proprioceptive-targeting task, before and after eccentric exercise, with and without muscle vibration. Participants actively undershot the target more when fatigued while fatigue did not exacerbate task accuracy during passive movement. Vibration caused undershoots regardless of fatigue state during active and passive movements. We propose that the central nervous system continues to rely on muscle spindles for kinesthesia, even when they reside in a fatigued muscle.
Topics: Arm; Goals; Humans; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Proprioception; Vibration
PubMed: 35271409
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00177.2021 -
PloS One 2015Clinicians and researchers often need to measure proprioception (position sense), for example to monitor the progress of disease, to identify the cause of movement or...
Clinicians and researchers often need to measure proprioception (position sense), for example to monitor the progress of disease, to identify the cause of movement or balance problems, or to ascertain the effects of an intervention. While researchers can use sophisticated equipment to estimate proprioceptive acuity with good precision, clinicians lack this option and must rely on the subjective and imprecise methods currently available in the clinic. Here we describe a novel technique that applies psychometric adaptive staircase procedures to hand proprioception with a simple tablet-style apparatus that could easily be adapted for the clinic. We report test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and construct validity of the adaptive staircase method vs. two other methods that are commonly used in clinical settings: passive motion direction discrimination (PMDD) and matching. As a first step, we focus on healthy adults. Subjects ages 18-82 had their proprioception measured with each of the three techniques, at the metacarpophalangeal joint in the second finger of the right hand. A subset completed a second session in which the measures were repeated, to assess test-retest reliability. Another subset had the measurements done by two different testers to assess inter-rater reliability. Construct validity was assessed using stepwise regression on age and activity level, and correlations calculated across the three methods. Results suggest that of the three methods, the adaptive staircase method yields the best test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and construct validity. The adaptive staircase method may prove to be a valuable clinical tool where more accurate assessment of proprioception is needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Finger Joint; Gait; Humans; Male; Metacarpophalangeal Joint; Middle Aged; Movement; Proprioception
PubMed: 26274824
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135757 -
PloS One 2024The objectives of this study are to compare hip muscle strength, hip joint proprioception, and functional balance between individuals with unilateral hip OA and...
The objectives of this study are to compare hip muscle strength, hip joint proprioception, and functional balance between individuals with unilateral hip OA and asymptomatic individuals and to examine the relationships among these variables in the hip OA population. In a prospective cross-sectional study, 122 participants (unilateral Hip OA: n = 56, asymptomatic: n = 56) were assessed at the CAMS/KKU musculoskeletal Physical Therapy laboratory. Ethical standards were upheld throughout the research, with informed consent obtained. Hip muscle strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, hip joint proprioception with a digital inclinometer, and functional balance using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Hip OA individuals exhibited significantly lower muscle strength and proprioceptive accuracy, and poorer functional balance than controls (p < 0.003). Correlation analyses revealed a positive correlation between muscle strength and BBS scores (r = 0.38 to 0.42) and a negative correlation with TUG test times (r = -0.36 to -0.41). Hip joint reposition sense (JRS) in flexion showed a negative correlation with balance (r = -0.46), while JRS in abduction was positively correlated (r = 0.46). The study highlights the clinical importance of muscle strength and proprioception in functional balance among individuals with unilateral hip OA. The results support the incorporation of muscle strengthening and proprioceptive training in interventions to improve balance and mobility in this population.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Proprioception; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38363786
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298625 -
Cell Reports Nov 2019Coordinated movement requires the integration of many sensory inputs including proprioception, the sense of relative body position and force associated with movement....
Coordinated movement requires the integration of many sensory inputs including proprioception, the sense of relative body position and force associated with movement. Proprioceptive information is relayed to the cerebellum via spinocerebellar neurons, located in the spinal cord within a number of major neuronal columns or as various scattered populations. Despite the importance of proprioception to fluid movement, a molecular understanding of spinocerebellar relay interneurons is only beginning to be explored, with limited knowledge of molecular heterogeneity within and between columns. Using fluorescent reporter mice, neuronal tracing, and in situ hybridization, we identify widespread expression of Hox cluster genes within spinocerebellar neurons. We reveal a "Hox code" based on axial level and individual spinocerebellar column, which, at cervico-thoracic levels, is essential for subtype regionalization. Specifically, we show that Hoxc9 function is required in most, but not all, cells of the thoracic spinocerebellar column, Clarke's column, revealing heterogeneity reliant on Hox signatures.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Homeodomain Proteins; Interneurons; Mice; MicroRNAs; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Proprioception; Sensory Receptor Cells; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 31747609
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.048 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2021To organize the plethora of sensory signals from our environment into a coherent percept, our brain relies on the processes of multisensory integration and sensory...
To organize the plethora of sensory signals from our environment into a coherent percept, our brain relies on the processes of multisensory integration and sensory recalibration. We here asked how visuo-proprioceptive integration and recalibration are shaped by the presence of more than one visual stimulus, hence paving the way to study multisensory perception under more naturalistic settings with multiple signals per sensory modality. We used a cursor-control task in which proprioceptive information on the endpoint of a reaching movement was complemented by two visual stimuli providing additional information on the movement endpoint. The visual stimuli were briefly shown, one synchronously with the hand reaching the movement endpoint, the other delayed. In Experiment 1, the judgments of hand movement endpoint revealed integration and recalibration biases oriented towards the position of the synchronous stimulus and away from the delayed one. In Experiment 2 we contrasted two alternative accounts: that only the temporally more proximal visual stimulus enters integration similar to a winner-takes-all process, or that the influences of both stimuli superpose. The proprioceptive biases revealed that integration-and likely also recalibration-are shaped by the superposed contributions of multiple stimuli rather than by only the most powerful individual one.
Topics: Adult; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Hand; Humans; Male; Movement; Perception; Photic Stimulation; Proprioception; Psychomotor Performance; Visual Perception
PubMed: 34737371
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00992-2 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2021Although stretching is recommended for fitness and health, there is little research on the effects of different stretching routines on hemodynamic responses of senior...
Although stretching is recommended for fitness and health, there is little research on the effects of different stretching routines on hemodynamic responses of senior adults. It is not clear whether stretching can be considered an aerobic exercise stimulus or may be contraindicated for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three stretching techniques; contract/relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), passive straight-leg raise (SLR), and static sit-and-reach (SR) on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in senior athletes (119 participants: 65.6 ± 7.6 yrs.). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR measurements were taken at baseline (after 5-minutes in a supine position), 45 and 90-seconds, during the stretch, and 2-minutes after stretching. Within each stretching group, (SLR, PNF, and SR) DBP, MAP and HR at pre-test and 2-min post-stretch were lower than at 45-s and 90-s during the stretch. SLR induced smaller increases in DBP and MAP than PNF and SR, whereas PNF elicited lower HR responses than SR. In conclusion, trained senior adult athletes experienced small to moderate magnitude increases of hemodynamic responses with SLR, SR and PNF stretching, which recovered to baseline values within 2-min after stretching. Furthermore, the passive SLR induced smaller increases in BP than PNF and SR, while PNF elicited lower HR responses than SR. These increases in hemodynamic responses (HR and BP) were not of a magnitude to be clinically significant, provide an aerobic exercise stimulus or warrant concerns for most senior athletes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Athletes; Hemodynamics; Humans; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Proprioception; Range of Motion, Articular
PubMed: 35321136
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.690 -
Journal of Neuroengineering and... Jun 2013Balance problems are common in cerebral palsy (CP) but etiology is often uncertain. The classic Romberg test compares ability to maintain standing with eyes open versus...
BACKGROUND
Balance problems are common in cerebral palsy (CP) but etiology is often uncertain. The classic Romberg test compares ability to maintain standing with eyes open versus closed. Marked instability without vision is a positive test and generally indicates proprioceptive loss. From previous work showing diminished hip joint proprioception in CP, we hypothesized that static and dynamic balance without vision (positive Romberg) would be compromised in CP.
METHODS
Force plate sway and gait velocity data were collected using 3D motion capture on 52 participants, 19 with diplegic CP, 13 with hemiplegic CP, and 20 without disability. Center of mass (COM) and center or pressure (COP) velocity, excursion, and differences between COM and COP in AP and ML directions were computed from static standing trials with eyes open and closed. Mean gait velocity with and without dribble glasses was compared. Hip joint proprioception was quantified as the root mean square of magnitude of limb positioning errors during a hip rotation task with and without view of the limb. Mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with condition as within-subject (EO, EC) and group as between-subject factors (hemiplegia, diplegia, controls). Sway characteristics and gait speed were correlated with proprioception values.
RESULTS
Groups with CP had greater sway in standing with eyes open indicating that they had poorer balance than controls, with the deficit relatively greater in the ML compared to AP direction. Contrary to our hypothesis, the decrement with eyes closed did not differ from controls (negative Romberg); however, proprioception error was related to sway parameters particularly for the non-dominant leg. Gait speed was related to proprioception values such that those with worse proprioception tended to walk more slowly.
CONCLUSIONS
Postural instability is present even in those with mild CP and is yet another manifestation of their motor control disorder, the specific etiology of which may vary across individuals in this heterogeneous diagnostic category.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Palsy; Female; Hip Joint; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postural Balance; Proprioception
PubMed: 23767869
DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-10-57