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The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2011Randomised clinical trials have addressed the question whether propylthiouracil has any beneficial effects in patients with alcoholic liver disease. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Randomised clinical trials have addressed the question whether propylthiouracil has any beneficial effects in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of propylthiouracil for patients with alcoholic liver disease.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register (April 2011), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library (April 2011), MEDLINE (1948 to April 2011), EMBASE (1980 to April 2011), and Science Citation Index Expanded (1900 to April 2011). These electronic searches were combined with full text searches. Manufacturers and researchers in the field were also contacted.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised clinical trials studying patients with alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic fibrosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and/or alcoholic cirrhosis were included irrespective of blinding, publication status, or language. Interventions encompassed propylthiouracil at any dose versus placebo or no intervention.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat method in RevMan Analyses. The risk of bias of the randomised clinical trials was evaluated by bias risk domains such as generation of allocation sequence, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, academic bias, and source of funding.
MAIN RESULTS
Combining the results of six randomised clinical trials with high risk of bias which included 710 patients demonstrated no significant effects of propylthiouracil versus placebo on all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.30), liver-related mortality (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.40), or complications of the liver disease. Although propylthiouracil was not associated with a significant increased risk of non-serious adverse events, there were occasional instances of serious adverse events such as leukopenia and generalised bullous eruption.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We could not demonstrate any significant beneficial effect of propylthiouracil on all-cause mortality, liver-related mortality, liver complications, or liver histology of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Propylthiouracil was associated with adverse events. Confidence intervals were wide. Thus, the risk of random errors and systematic errors was high. Accordingly, there is no evidence for using propylthiouracil for alcoholic liver disease outside randomised clinical trials.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Cause of Death; Humans; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Propylthiouracil; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21678335
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002800.pub3 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Aug 2020This study aimed to investigate the effect of propylthiouracil treatment on adhesion molecules in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the effect of propylthiouracil treatment on adhesion molecules in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
METHODS
In this study, a total of 168 patients diagnosed with subclinical hyperthyroidism were treated with propylthiouracil for one year. The levels of adhesion molecules, consisting of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-Selectin, before and after the treatment were measured and compared. These results were compared with the levels of 148 healthy controls who received a placebo.
RESULTS
sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in subclinical hyperthyroidism patients than in healthy controls (*pa=0.000). sICAM-1 levels were significantly decreased after the treatment (**pb=0.000). Despite this decrease in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, it did not decrease to the level of the control group. sVCAM-1 did not change before and after propylthiouracil treatment. The level of sE-selectin was similar to that of the pretreatment control group, but it did not have statistical significance, although it increased after the treatment (**pb=0.004).
CONCLUSION
The sICAM level was significantly higher than the pretreatment values and decreased after the propylthiouracil treatment. However, further studies are needed to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cancer in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Topics: E-Selectin; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Propylthiouracil; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
PubMed: 32935798
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.8.1057 -
Physiology & Behavior Oct 2011Oral chemosensation can vary greatly across individuals, both in terms of the lowest concentration that can be detected (threshold) and in the magnitude of perceived... (Review)
Review
Oral chemosensation can vary greatly across individuals, both in terms of the lowest concentration that can be detected (threshold) and in the magnitude of perceived intensity for stimuli at higher concentrations (suprathreshold response). Individuals who experience greater taste intensity are often termed supertasters, and this phenotype has typically been measured via the suprathreshold bitterness of the tastant propylthiouracil (PROP). Notably, supertasting extends beyond bitterness and other tastants to include oral somatosensation and retronasal olfaction, and it may also include finer acuity as well. Here, we describe the evolution of the supertasting concept over the last 20 years, and summarize the current state of the field. Alternative phenotyping approaches that are not dependent on PROP are reviewed, and the molecular genetics of broadly tuned heightened taste and orosensory response are discussed. We conclude by initiating a conversation on nomenclature as we look toward the next 20 years of chemosensory research.
Topics: Humans; Phenotype; Propylthiouracil; Taste; Taste Threshold
PubMed: 21851828
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.003 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jul 2011
Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis; Humans; Prednisone; Propylthiouracil; Thyrotoxicosis
PubMed: 21838194
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) Jun 2015To evaluate the association of either propylthiouracil or methimazole treatment for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy with congenital malformations, relevant studies were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To evaluate the association of either propylthiouracil or methimazole treatment for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy with congenital malformations, relevant studies were identified by searching Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE. We intended to include randomized controlled trials, but no such trials were identified. Thus, we included cohort studies and case-control studies in this meta-analysis. A total of 7 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The results revealed an increased risk of birth defects among the group of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole compared with the control group (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.47-2.10) or the non-exposed group (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.39-2.10). A maternal shift between methimazole and propylthiouracil was associated with an increased odds ratio of birth defects (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.77). An equal risk of birth defects was observed between the group of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil and the non-exposed group (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.42). There was only a slight trend towards an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants whose mothers were treated with propylthiouracil compared with in infants whose mothers were healthy controls (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.55). The children of women receiving methimazole treatment showed an increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes relative to those of mothers receiving propylthiouracil treatment. We found that propylthiouracil was a safer choice for treating pregnant women with hyperthyroidism according to the risk of birth defects but that a shift between methimazole and propylthiouracil failed to provide protection against birth defects.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methimazole; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Propylthiouracil; Risk
PubMed: 26106966
DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(06)12 -
Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam,... Mar 2022Several chemicals have been identified as thyroid hormone axis disrupting chemicals (THADCs) able to interfere with the thyroid hormone system during fetal life and...
Several chemicals have been identified as thyroid hormone axis disrupting chemicals (THADCs) able to interfere with the thyroid hormone system during fetal life and early life stages, thereby impairing neurodevelopment in mammals and inducing development and growth disorders in fish and amphibians. However, identification of THADCs is particularly challenging, and thyroid modalities are currently only assessed in vivo by mammalian and amphibian tests. The aquatic African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis/tropicalis) is the model species of the amphibian test guidelines developed by the OECD and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, but as most European amphibians are semi-aquatic, concern has been raised whether the sensitivity of native European species is comparable to Xenopus. A shortened version of the OEDC test guideline 241 (Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay, LAGDA) was used to investigate the effects of two model THADCs on the metamorphosis and thyroid histopathology in the European common frog (Rana temporaria). R. temporaria eggs were collected on the field and exposed till metamorphic climax to sodium perchlorate (11.9-426.5 μg/L perchlorate concentrations) and 6-propylthiouracil (PTU: 1.23-47.7 mg/L). PTU severely delayed metamorphosis and affected several thyroid gland histopathological endpoints at slightly lower concentrations compared to Xenopus. As opposed to what was described in similar Xenopus studies, we observed no effect of perchlorate on the investigated endpoints. Interspecies differences may be linked to mechanisms of action.
Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Perchlorates; Propylthiouracil; Rana temporaria; Sodium Compounds; Thyroid Gland; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 35134604
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106094 -
Nutrients Nov 2017In the last several decades, the genetic ability to taste the bitter compound, 6--propyltiouracil (PROP) has attracted considerable attention as a model for... (Review)
Review
In the last several decades, the genetic ability to taste the bitter compound, 6--propyltiouracil (PROP) has attracted considerable attention as a model for understanding individual differences in taste perception, and as an oral marker for food preferences and eating behavior that ultimately impacts nutritional status and health. However, some studies do not support this role. This review describes common factors that can influence the characterization of this phenotype including: (1) changes in taste sensitivity with increasing age; (2) gender differences in taste perception; and (3) effects of smoking and obesity. We suggest that attention to these factors during PROP screening could strengthen the associations between this phenotype and a variety of health outcomes ranging from variation in body composition to oral health and cancer risk.
Topics: Food Preferences; Genetic Variation; Humans; Propylthiouracil; Taste Perception; Taste Threshold
PubMed: 29168731
DOI: 10.3390/nu9121275 -
Arthritis and Rheumatism Nov 2012
Topics: Animals; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Humans; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Propylthiouracil
PubMed: 22777662
DOI: 10.1002/art.34615 -
Endocrine Journal Apr 2019Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are commonly used for the treatment of Graves' disease. They share similar inhibitory effects on thyroid hormone...
Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are commonly used for the treatment of Graves' disease. They share similar inhibitory effects on thyroid hormone biosynthesis by interfering with thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-mediated oxidation and organification of iodine. However, their potential effects on other thyroid functional molecules have not been explored in depth. To identify novel effects of MMI and PTU, DNA microarray analysis, real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed using FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. DNA microarray analysis indicated that both MMI and PTU suppress iodotyrosine deiodinase 1 (Iyd, Dehal1) mRNA levels. Further studies revealed that Dehal1 mRNA levels was stimulated by TSH, insulin and serum, while it was suppressed by iodine and a follicular concentration of thyroglobulin. MMI and PTU significantly suppressed Dehal1 expression induced by TSH, insulin and serum. On the other hand, although MMI suppressed Dehal1 expression in the absence of TSH, PTU only weakly suppressed Dehal1 without TSH. These results suggest that PTU and MMI may use different mechanisms to regulate Dehal1 expression, and TSH may play essential and differential roles in mediating PTU and MMI signals in thyrocytes. The drugs also inhibited re-distribution of Dehal1 protein into newly formed lysosomes following thyroglobulin endocytosis. These findings imply complex and multifaceted regulation of Dehal1 in the thyroid and suggest that MMI and PTU modulate Dehal1 expression and distribution of the protein in thyrocytes to exert their effect.
Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Cell Line; Insulin; Iodide Peroxidase; Methimazole; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Thyroid Epithelial Cells; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 30814441
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0380 -
Physiology & Behavior Mar 2022Past research has identified distinct phenotypic differences in responses to sweet taste, although the origins of these differences remain unclear. One possibility is...
Past research has identified distinct phenotypic differences in responses to sweet taste, although the origins of these differences remain unclear. One possibility is that these individual differences in sweet-liking are a manifestation of the more widely known differences in sensitivity to the bitter tastant 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), which has been related to wider differences in food liking and preference. However, previous studies exploring the relationship between sweet-liking and PROP-tasting have had mixed outcomes. This is possibly due to older studies using a more simplistic dichotic characterisation of sweet likers, whereas recent research suggests three sweet-liking phenotypes (extreme sweet likers, ESL; moderate sweet likers, MSL; and sweet dislikers, SD). To re-assess how sweet-liking and PROP tasting are inter-related, 236 volunteers evaluated their liking for 1.0 M sucrose and the intensity of three concentrations of each NaCl and PROP. Using three different methods for classifying PROP taster status, our analysis confirmed that all three sweet-liking phenotypes were represented in all three PROP taster groups (super-tasters, ST; medium tasters, MT; and non-tasters, NT), but relatively few ESL were classified as ST, or SD as NT. Overall, these data suggest that while PROP tasting and sweet-liking are not causally related, the SD phenotype may partly be explained by a broader tendency for anhedonia.
Topics: Emotions; Food Preferences; Humans; Propylthiouracil; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Taste
PubMed: 35016967
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113702