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Medicine Jul 2019To evaluated and compared the efficacy and safety of 3 prostaglandin analogues (0.005% latanoprost, 0.004% travoprost, and 0.03% bimatoprost) in treatment of primary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To evaluated and compared the efficacy and safety of 3 prostaglandin analogues (0.005% latanoprost, 0.004% travoprost, and 0.03% bimatoprost) in treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT).
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of science, CNKI, Wanfang, and Vip database, published between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2018, were systematically examined for randomized controlled trials (RCT) based on prostaglandin analogues for POAG or OHT treatment. Statistical analyses including weighted mean difference (WMD) calculation and odds ratio (OR) were performed using Review Manager Software version 5.3.
RESULT
The 17 studies were included in this analysis (N = 2433 participants) with 1∼12 months' follow-ups. The difference of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction between latanoprost and travoprost group had not significant; there was significant difference of IOP reduction between latanoprost and bimatoprost group in the third month and sixth month; Travoprost was significantly different from bimatoprost in reducing IOP in the third month. Travoprost revealed an elevated risk of conjunctival hyperemia compared with latanoprost. An elevated risk of conjunctival hyperemia and growth of lashes compared with latanoprost. Bimatoprost shows lower ocular tolerability with higher incidence of side effects such as conjunctival hyperemia.
CONCLUSIONS
0.03% bimatoprost appears more effective following long time use (3 and 6 month post-treatment) for IOP control compared to 0.005% latanoprost, and is more effective compared to 0.004% travoprost after being used for a certain period of time (3 months post-treatment); nevertheless, 0.005% latanoprost is better tolerated in patients with POAG or OHT.
Topics: Bimatoprost; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Latanoprost; Ocular Hypertension; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Travoprost
PubMed: 31348303
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016597 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Mar 1973An earlier proposed endoperoxide intermediate in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins was detected in short-time incubations of arachidonic acid with the microsomal...
An earlier proposed endoperoxide intermediate in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins was detected in short-time incubations of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction of homogenates of sheep vesicular glands. Conversion of the endoperoxide into prostaglandin E(2) was stimulated by reduced glutathione but suppressed by p-mercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The methyl ester of an unknown compound was isolated by solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography after short-time incubation of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction and p-mercuribenzoate. This derivative was identical to the methylester of the endoperoxide, as shown by its conversion into the methyl esters of 11-dehydroprostaglandin F(2alpha) and prostaglandin E(2) by spontaneous rearrangement and its conversion into the methyl ester of prostaglandin F(2alpha) by mild chemical reduction. The smooth muscle-stimulating activity of the endoperoxide ester on the isolated rabbit aortas trip was 4- to 8-times higher than that of the methyl ester of prostaglandin E(2).
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arachidonic Acids; Biological Assay; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Deuterium; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes; Peroxides; Prostaglandins; Rabbits; Seminal Vesicles; Sheep
PubMed: 4514999
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.899 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Oct 1976The precise role of the kidney in spontaneous experimental hypertension is unknown. We have analyzed the rates of renal prostaglandin synthesis by utilizing a...
The precise role of the kidney in spontaneous experimental hypertension is unknown. We have analyzed the rates of renal prostaglandin synthesis by utilizing a spontaneously hypertensive rat model. The synthetic rate of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha, and prostaglandin A2-like products was measured in vitro with renal microsomes. In the rabbit and rat there is a steep gradient of microsomal prostaglandin synthetase from papilla to cortex with highest activities in the papilla. Comparison of the activity of prostaglandin synthetase in medullary microsomes form normotensive and hypertensive rats showed accelerated synthesis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. These differences appeared after several months of age, were statistically significant from 3 mo of age and, on the average, represented at least a twofold increase of in vitro activity. All classes of prostaglandins were involved with increased synthesis of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2alpha and prostaglandin A2-like material. These data reenforce and extend previous work showing alterations of granularity and presumably prostaglandin synthesis in renal medullary intersitital cells in various experimental hypertensions. We also measured renal tissue content of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin A-prostaglandin B by radioimmunoassay. Swift and careful handling of the tissue was necessary to avoid extensive postmortem synthesis of prostaglandins. In rapidly-frozen medullary tissue only prostaglandin E was detectable in concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 pg/mg tissue. No significant differences were found in the medullary content of prostaglandin E in the control and hypertensive rats despite the increased rates of enzymatic synthesis. We conclude that renal prostaglandin synthesis is increased in renal medullary microsomes obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rat. This apparently occurs in response to the progressive development of hypertension since young animals did not show an increase Renal tissue prostaglandin E content did not increase and therefore appears to be a poor index of enhanced prostaglandin synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Disease Models, Animal; Hypertension; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Kidney Medulla; Microsomes; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins A; Prostaglandins E; Rats
PubMed: 823178
DOI: 10.1172/JCI108539 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2021Nowadays, metabolic syndromes are emerging as global epidemics, whose incidence are increasing annually. However, the efficacy of therapy does not increase... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, metabolic syndromes are emerging as global epidemics, whose incidence are increasing annually. However, the efficacy of therapy does not increase proportionately with the increased morbidity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two common metabolic syndromes that are closely associated. The pathogenic mechanisms of T2DM and NAFLD have been studied, and it was revealed that insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation markedly contribute to the development of these two diseases. The 2‑series prostaglandins (PGs), a subgroup of eicosanoids, including PGD, PGE, PGF and PGI, are converted from arachidonic acid catalyzed by the rate‑limiting enzymes cyclooxygenases (COXs). Considering their wide distribution in almost every tissue, 2‑series PG pathways exert complex and interlinked effects in mediating pancreatic β‑cell function and proliferation, insulin sensitivity, fat accumulation and lipolysis, as well as inflammatory processes. Previous studies have revealed that metabolic disturbances, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, can be improved by treatment with COX inhibitors. At present, an accumulating number of studies have focused on the roles of 2‑series PGs and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndromes, particularly T2DM and NAFLD. In the present review, the role of 2‑series PGs in the highly intertwined pathogenic mechanisms of T2DM and NAFLD was discussed, and important therapeutic strategies based on targeting 2‑series PG pathways in T2DM and NAFLD treatment were provided.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Prostaglandins
PubMed: 33907839
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4947 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Dec 1980Prostaglandins E and F have been shown to be present in breast milk in over 100 times the concentrations found in adult plasma. The ratio of the concentration of the...
Prostaglandins E and F have been shown to be present in breast milk in over 100 times the concentrations found in adult plasma. The ratio of the concentration of the principal circulating metabolite of prostaglandin F (13, 14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F) to prostaglandin F itself is low (0.3 to 0.5, compared with 15.8 in adult plasma), implying that prostaglandins may have a relatively long half-life in milk. In addition inactive metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin are also found in significant amounts. It is speculated that milk prostaglandin play a role in modulating neonatal physiology--for example, gut motility.
Topics: Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F
PubMed: 7458394
DOI: 10.1136/adc.55.12.950 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Feb 1974Incubation for a short time of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction of a homogenate of the vesicular gland of sheep in the presence of 1 mM p-mercuribenzoate...
Incubation for a short time of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction of a homogenate of the vesicular gland of sheep in the presence of 1 mM p-mercuribenzoate followed by extraction and silicic acid chromatography yielded two prostaglandin endoperoxides. The structures of these compounds, i.e., 15-hydroperoxy-9alpha,11alpha-peroxidoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (prostaglandin G(2)) and 15-hydroxy-9alpha,11alpha-peroxidoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (prostaglandin H(2)), were assigned mainly by a number of chemical transformations into previously known prostaglandins. The new prostaglandins were 50-200 times (prostaglandin G(2)) and 100-450 times (prostaglandin H(2)) more active than prostaglandin E(2) on the superfused aorta strip. The half-life of the prostaglandin endoperoxides in aqueous medium (about 5 min) was significantly longer than that of "rabbit aorta-contracting substance" released from guinea pig lung, indicating that none of the prostaglandin endoperoxides is identical with this factor. Addition of 10-300 ng/ml of the endoperoxides to suspensions of washed human platelets resulted in rapid aggregation. Furthermore, platelet aggregation induced by thrombin was accompanied by release of material reducible by stannous chloride into prostaglandin F(2alpha), thus indicating the involvement of endogenous prostaglandin endoperoxides in platelet aggregation.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arachidonic Acids; Biological Assay; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, Thin Layer; In Vitro Techniques; Isomerism; Male; Microsomes; Muscle Contraction; Peroxides; Platelet Adhesiveness; Prostaglandins; Seminal Vesicles; Sheep; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 4521806
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.2.345 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2021We determined a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of putative isoforms of enzymes for prostaglandin (PG) Fα and PGE biosynthesis and these PGs levels in placenta and...
Prostaglandins Fα and E in rat placenta and fetal membrane: a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of their synthetic enzymes and in vivo tissue levels during normal pregnancy.
We determined a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of putative isoforms of enzymes for prostaglandin (PG) Fα and PGE biosynthesis and these PGs levels in placenta and fetal membrane of normal pregnant rats in vivo. Placenta and fetal membrane showed positive immunoreactions for phospholipase A group 4A, but not group 2A, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 rather than COX-2. They showed positive immunoreactions for at least one isoform of each of PGF synthase and PGE synthase with tissue-dependent variations. PGFα and PGE levels in both tissues were highest on day 12 and declined and remained low thereafter. Obtained data would be the basic information on the primary PGs synthesis in rat placenta and fetal membrane in normal pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprost; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins F; Rats
PubMed: 34334510
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0183 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Prostaglandins (PGs) play many essential roles in the development, immunity, metabolism, and reproduction of animals. In vertebrates, arachidonic acid (ARA) is generally...
Prostaglandins (PGs) play many essential roles in the development, immunity, metabolism, and reproduction of animals. In vertebrates, arachidonic acid (ARA) is generally converted to prostaglandin G (PGG) and H (PGH) by cyclooxygenase (COX); then, various biologically active PGs are produced through different downstream prostaglandin synthases (PGSs), while PGs are inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). However, there is very limited knowledge of the PG biochemical pathways in invertebrates, particularly for crustaceans. In this study, nine genes involved in the prostaglandin pathway, including a , seven s (, , , , , and ), and a were identified based on the Pacific white shrimp () genome, indicating a more complete PG pathway from synthesis to inactivation in crustaceans than in insects and mollusks. The homologous genes are conserved in amino acid sequences and structural domains, similar to those of related species. The expression patterns of these genes were further analyzed in a variety of tissues and developmental processes by RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. The mRNA expression of was relatively stable in various tissues, while other genes were specifically expressed in distant tissues. During embryo development to post-larvae, , , , and expressions increased significantly, and increasing trends were also observed on , , and at the post-molting stage. During the ovarian maturation, decreasing trends were found on , , and in the hepatopancreas, but all gene expressions remained relatively stable in ovaries. In conclusion, this study provides basic knowledge for the synthesis and inactivation pathway of PG in crustaceans, which may contribute to the understanding of their regulatory mechanism in ontogenetic development and reproduction.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hepatopancreas; Penaeidae; Prostaglandins
PubMed: 35163575
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031654 -
Scientific Reports May 2022
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Epoprostenol; Interferon-gamma; NF-kappa B; Prostaglandins E
PubMed: 35589946
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12462-4 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2005Prostaglandins mediate autacrine and paracrine signaling over short distances. We used the renal collecting duct as a model system to test the hypothesis that local...
Prostaglandins mediate autacrine and paracrine signaling over short distances. We used the renal collecting duct as a model system to test the hypothesis that local control of prostaglandin signaling is achieved by expressing inactivation in the same cell as synthesis. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that renal collecting ducts in situ express the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis enzyme, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), as well as both components of prostaglandin metabolic inactivation, i.e. the prostaglandin uptake carrier prostaglandin transporter (PGT) and the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. We characterized this system further using the collecting duct cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), which retains COX-2 and prostaglandin dehydrogenase expression but which has lost PGT expression. When we reintroduced PGT, it was correctly sorted to the apical membrane where it altered the sidedness of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, a process we call "vectorial release via sided reuptake." Importantly, although COX-2 and prostaglandin dehydrogenase are expressed in the same MDCK cell, they must be compartmentalized because even in the presence of excess dehydrogenase newly synthesized PGE2 is released largely un-oxidized. However, when PGE2 undergoes first release and then PGT-mediated reuptake, significant oxidation takes place, suggesting that PGT imports PGE2 into the prostaglandin dehydrogenase compartment. Our data are consistent with a new model that offers significant new mechanisms for the fine control of eicosanoid signaling.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dogs; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Membrane Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Prostaglandins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 15855165
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M408286200