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The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2022Changes in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) concentrations of uterine lavage fluid were examined in cows given an...
Changes in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) concentrations of uterine lavage fluid were examined in cows given an intrauterine povidone-iodine (PI) infusion. The mean polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) ratios (the ratio of PMN to total cells) and CRP concentration of uterine lavage fluid on the day after the treatment were significantly (P<0.05) greater in the PI infusion group (PMN: 53.0 ± 32.7%, CRP: 50.2 ± 32.3 ng/mL) than in the non-treatment control group (PMN: 7.9 ± 21.9%, CRP: 17.2 ± 5.9 ng/mL), whereas there was no significant difference in the mean PGFM concentration between the two groups. The present findings suggest that the uterine CRP level is a useful biomarker of local uterine inflammation in cows.
Topics: Animals; C-Reactive Protein; Cattle; Dinoprost; Female; Povidone-Iodine; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 35934787
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0249 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Aug 1982Prostaglandin (PG) E1 or E2 added at 2-1,000 ng/ml to quiescent cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells synergistically enhanced the rate of initiation of DNA replication stimulated...
Prostaglandin (PG) E1 or E2 added at 2-1,000 ng/ml to quiescent cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells synergistically enhanced the rate of initiation of DNA replication stimulated by PGF2 alpha alone or with insulin. Neither PGD2 nor PGF1 alpha had any effect with PGF2 alpha. An increase in the rate of entry into S phase also occurred when PGE1 or PGE2 was added 8 or 15 hr after addition of PGF2 alpha. However, adding PGE1 and PGE2 together with PGF2 alpha did not further enhance the synergistic effect observed with PGE1 or PGE2 separately. The synergistic effect was also observed in stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake but not in early changes of intracellular levels of cAMP. These results may be relevant in understanding the control of fibroblastic proliferation in wound healing and may provide an alternative mechanism for oncogenic transformation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Cyclic AMP; DNA Replication; Deoxyglucose; Dinoprost; Drug Synergism; Insulin; Mice; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Time Factors
PubMed: 6289327
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.16.4992 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Jun 1984Tumour cell-rich platelet-free preparations were isolated from 21 fresh samples of human intracranial tumours using enzymic digestion, followed by discontinuous density...
Tumour cell-rich platelet-free preparations were isolated from 21 fresh samples of human intracranial tumours using enzymic digestion, followed by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation on Percoll and (14 preparations) adherence on plastic. Of the disaggregated cells 79.8 to 97.7% (mean 86.2%) were tumour cells, and mean cell viability was 82.6%. All the tumours produced prostaglandin (PG), E2, F2 alpha, 6 oxo F1 alpha and Thromboxane B2 during 16 hours of incubation but the amount varied widely. Highest production of PGE2 and TXB2 per 10(5) cells was by the eight meningiomas in which the prostanoid profile closely resembled that of circulating monocytes.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Dinoprost; Dinoprostone; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Monocytes; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Thromboxane B2; Thromboxanes
PubMed: 6330309
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.47.6.579 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2011Using an established three-dimensional (3D) toxicological model based on reconstituted human corneal epithelium (HCE), this study investigated the tolerability of four...
AIMS
Using an established three-dimensional (3D) toxicological model based on reconstituted human corneal epithelium (HCE), this study investigated the tolerability of four topical intraocular-pressure-lowering agents: the commercial solutions of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-containing 0.005% latanoprost, 0.004% travoprost, 0.03% bimatoprost containing 0.02%, 0.015% and 0.005% BAC, respectively, and the preservative-free (PF) tafluprost. Solutions of 0.01% and 0.02% BAC alone were also evaluated for comparison.
METHODS
The 3D-HCEs were treated with solutions for 24 h followed or not by a 24 h recovery period. We used a modified MTT (3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) procedure to assess cell viability in the HCE. Frozen sections of HCE were analysed using fluorescence microscopy for the evaluation of apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling), inflammation (ICAM-1) and proliferation (Ki67). Corneal epithelial tight junctions (occludin and tight junction protein 1 (zona occludens 1)) were also assessed by en face confocal microscopy in response to the different eye-drops.
RESULTS
The MTT test revealed that the cytotoxicity of antiglaucoma eye-drops was primarily related to the concentration of their common BAC preservative (0.02% BAC-latanoprost>0.015% BAC-travoprost>0.005% BAC-bimatoprost). PF-tafluprost did not induce any obvious cytotoxicity, showed the least expression of inflammatory or apoptotic markers and revealed preservation of membrane immunostaining of tight junction proteins in comparison with BAC-containing solutions.
CONCLUSION
The toxicological model of the 3D reconstructed corneal epithelia model confirmed the ocular surface cytotoxicity of BAC-containing antiglaucomatous solutions. Compared with the formulations containing the toxic preservative BAC, PF-tafluprost was well tolerated without inducing significant corneal epithelium deterioration.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Apoptosis; Benzalkonium Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Conjunctiva; Epithelium, Corneal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Models, Biological; Ophthalmic Solutions; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Prostaglandins F; Tight Junctions; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 21429894
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.189449 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 1977Pharmacologically active mediators of inflammation were obtained from suction bullae raised on normal and ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) inflamed human abdominal skin. The... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Pharmacologically active mediators of inflammation were obtained from suction bullae raised on normal and ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) inflamed human abdominal skin. The exudates obtained from the bullae were examined by superfusion cascade bioassay, by radioimmunoassay for PGF2alpha and by column, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet B (u.v.-B) irradiation of human skin produced an erythema which appeared after 2 hr, increased in severity up to 24 hr and persisted for more than 48 hr. Bioassayable and radioimmunoassayable prostaglandin activity was elevated at 6 hr, was maximal at 24 hr and had returned to normal 48 hr. Topical application of indomethacin suppressed both the erythema and the increased concentration of PGF2alpha as measured by radioimmunoassay. Chromatographic studies confirmed increased prostaglandin activity at 6 and 24 hr and in addition demonstrated an increase in arachidonic acid-like activity. The results suggest that prostaglandins may play an important role between 6 and 24 hr of u.v.-B-induced erythema. Whether the reduction of erythema by indomethacin can be partially or wholly attributable to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis is uncertain.
Topics: Adult; Erythema; Humans; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Periodicity; Prostaglandins F; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 593989
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.53.625.656 -
PloS One 2019Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in the mare is an unknown process. In a non-pregnant mare on day 14 post-ovulation (PO), prostaglandin F2α (PGF) is secreted by...
Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in the mare is an unknown process. In a non-pregnant mare on day 14 post-ovulation (PO), prostaglandin F2α (PGF) is secreted by the endometrium causing regression of the corpus luteum. Prior to day 14, MRP must occur in order to attenuate secretion of PGF. The embryo is mobile throughout the uterus due to uterine contractions from day of entry to day 14. It is unknown what signaling is occurring. Literature stated that infusing oil or placing a glass marble into the equine uterus prolongs luteal lifespan and that in non-pregnant mares, serum exosomes contain miRNA that are targeting the focal adhesion (FA) pathway. The hypothesis of this study is embryo contact with endometrium causes a change in abundance of focal adhesion molecules (FA) in the endometrium leading to decrease in PGF secretion. Mares (n = 3/day) were utilized in a cross-over design with each mare serving as a pregnant and non-pregnant (non-mated) control on days 9 and 11 PO. Mares were randomly assigned to collection day and endometrial samples and embryos were collected on the specified day. Biopsy samples were divided into five pieces, four for culture for 24 hours and one immediately snap frozen. Endometrial biopsies for culture were placed in an incubator with one of four treatments: [1] an embryo in contact on the luminal side of the endometrium, [2] beads in contact on the luminal side of the endometrium, [3] peanut oil in contact on the luminal side of the endometrium or [4] the endometrium by itself. Biopsies and culture medium were frozen for further analysis. RNA and protein were isolated from biopsies for PCR and Western blot analysis for FA. PGF assays were performed on culture medium to determine concentration of PGF. Statistics were performed using SAS (P ≤ 0.05 indicated significance). The presence of beads on day 9 impacted samples from pregnant mares more than non-pregnant mares and had very little impact on day 11. Presence of oil decreased FA in samples from pregnant mares on day 9. On day 11, oil decreased FA abundance in samples from non-pregnant mares. Embryo contact caused multiple changes in RNA and protein abundance in endometrium from both pregnant and non-pregnant mares. The PGF secretion after 24 hours with each treatment was also determined. On day 9, there was no change in PGF secretion compared to any treatments. On day 11, presence of peanut oil increased PGF secretion in samples from non-pregnant mares. In samples from non-pregnant mares, presence of an embryo decreased PGF secretion compared to control samples from non-pregnant mares. Results revealed that while beads and peanut oil may impact abundance of FA RNA and protein in endometrial samples, it does not appear to impact PGF secretion. Conversely, embryo contact for 24 hours with endometrium from a non-pregnant mare causes a decrease in PGF secretion. These results suggest that it is not just contact of any substance/object causing attenuation of PGF secretion, but the embryo itself is necessary to decrease PGF secretion.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Embryo, Mammalian; Endometrium; Female; Focal Adhesions; Horses; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prostaglandins F
PubMed: 30835748
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213322 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Jun 19881. In studies of rabbit airway smooth muscle, differences in mechanical responses to acetylcholine, histamine and high K+ in intact muscles, and in Ca2+ sensitivity in...
1. In studies of rabbit airway smooth muscle, differences in mechanical responses to acetylcholine, histamine and high K+ in intact muscles, and in Ca2+ sensitivity in skinned muscles, have been examined in tissue taken from 5 different regions of the airway. Interactions between prostaglandin F2 alpha and epithio-thromboxane A2 and the above spasmogenic agencies were also studied. 2. Mechanical responses to histamine (10 microM) and to 128 mM K+ were smallest in trachea and were largest in 3rd and 4th order bronchi. In all regions, spasm evoked by 10 microM acetylcholine was greater than that evoked by 10 microM histamine or 128 mM K+. 3. In the third and fourth branches of the rabbit right middle bronchus, contractions evoked by 10 microM acetylcholine, 10 microM histamine and 128 mM K+ showed similar amplitudes of phasic response. In Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA, the phasic components of the acetylcholine- or histamine-induced contraction remained unchanged in comparison with that observed in Krebs solution, but the phasic and tonic components of the K+-induced contraction and the tonic changes induced by acetylcholine and histamine were abolished. 4. Two subtypes of the histamine receptor, excitatory H1- and inhibitory H2- receptors were detected on the bronchial smooth muscle. The H1-induced contraction was mediated by release of stored Ca2+ together with activation of Ca2+ influx relatively insensitive to Ca2+ antagonists. 5. The -log(EC50) values for acetylcholine and histamine (in the presence of cimetidine and atropine) were 6.11 +/- 0.11 and 5.33 +/- 0.08, respectively, in the third branch of right middle bronchus. These values were similar to those observed for trachea. 6. Prostaglandin F2. (10 microM) and 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-thromboxane A2 (0.1 microM) neither provoked nor enhanced the contractions evoked by any stimulants. 7. No difference was observed between the Ca2+ sensitivity of chemically skinned muscle from the trachea and that of muscle from the third branch of the right middle bronchus. 8. Regional differences in the response to histamine and acetylcholine observed in airway smooth muscles are discussed and it is concluded that these may be due to differences in receptor numbers.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Asthma; Bronchi; Histamine; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nifedipine; Potassium; Prostaglandins F; Rabbits; Thromboxane A2; Trachea
PubMed: 3395783
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11541.x -
British Journal of Pharmacology Mar 1976
Proceedings: The pro-inflammatory activity of E-, A-, D- and F-type prostaglandins and analogues 16, 16-dimethyl-PGE2 and (15S)-15-methyl-PGE2 in rabbit skin; the relationship between potentiation of plasma exudation and local blood flow changes.
Topics: Animals; Exudates and Transudates; Inflammation; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins A; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 1260182
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Pathology Jul 1986Stable analogs of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha (M-PGE1, DM-PGE2, and M-PGF2 alpha) were found to induce marked changes in circulating white blood cell subsets in...
Stable analogs of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha (M-PGE1, DM-PGE2, and M-PGF2 alpha) were found to induce marked changes in circulating white blood cell subsets in Brown-Norway rats after subcutaneous injection. Dose-response studies demonstrated that 1000 micrograms/kg of each prostaglandin induced a maximum neutrophilia in the range of 40-70% of the total white blood cell count (normal, 5-20%) and that as little as 5 micrograms/kg of M-PGE1 induced a significant neutrophilia (P less than 0.05). Kinetic studies demonstrated that the maximum neutrophilia occurred 4-6 hours after injection of each prostaglandin and was not accompanied by the release of morphologically immature neutrophil forms from the bone marrow. Splenectomy slightly diminished the average neutrophilia at 2 hours but not at 4-6 hours after injection, which suggests that release of neutrophils from the spleen partially contributed to the early neutrophilia. Adherence experiments employing whole heparinized blood from rats given prostaglandins 6 hours prior to sacrifice demonstrated that neutrophils exposed to prostaglandins in vivo have diminished adherence to nylon wool columns, which suggests that diminished adherence of the marginated neutrophil pool may contribute to the neutrophilia. The prostaglandin-induced neutrophilia was accompanied not by a significant change in total numbers of circulating white blood cells, but, rather, by a significant decrease in circulating mononuclear white blood cells, including T-helper, T-suppressor, and B cells. The combination of neutrophilia with lymphopenia has classically been attributed to the release of adrenal hormones and suggests 1) that prostaglandins may directly or indirectly cause the release of adrenal hormones, or 2) that adrenal hormones may mediate their effects on circulating white blood cell subsets via prostaglandins, or 3) that prostaglandins activate intracellular messenger systems that are also activated by adrenal hormones.
Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion; Kinetics; Leukocyte Count; Lymphopenia; Male; Neutrophils; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Spleen
PubMed: 3728647
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology May 2007To clarify the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering profile of tafluprost, a newly synthesised prostaglandin F(2alpha) analogue, in mice.
AIM
To clarify the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering profile of tafluprost, a newly synthesised prostaglandin F(2alpha) analogue, in mice.
METHODS
C57BL/6J, and EP1, EP2, EP3 and postaglandin F (FP) receptor-deficient wild-type (WT), EP1KO, EP2KO, EP3KO and FPKO, respectively mice were bred and acclimatised under a 12-h (6:00-18:00) light-dark cycle. To evaluate effects of tafluprost (0.002%) on IOP at night, a single 3 microl drop of tafluprost solution was applied topically at 18:00 once into one eye in each mouse. IOP was measured 3 h after the application with a microneedle method. To clarify whether endogenous prostaglandin is concerned with the tafluprost-induced IOP reduction, we applied 0.1% diclofenac Na, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor or PBS 30 min before the application of tafluprost in WT and EP3KO mice and measured IOP 3 h after the tafluprost application. We also determined whether animals responded predictably to 0.1% bunazosin HCl, a drug known to increase uveoscleral outflow.
RESULTS
3 h after the application of 0.0015% tafluprost, mean (SEM) IOP reductions were 25.8 (2.1)% 26.3 (0.8)% 24.2 (1.4)% 16.5 (1.7)% and -0.9 (1.5)% in WT, EP1KO, EP2KO, EP3KO and FPKO mice, respectively. IOP reductions in EP3KO and FPKO mice were significantly smaller than in WT mice. Pretreatment with diclofenac Na significantly attenuated the IOP lowering effect of tafluprost in WT mice but not in EP3KO mice. Bunazosin HCl lowered IOP significantly in all genotypes by the same amount.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that tafluprost lowers IOP through the prostanoid FP receptor. A part of ocular hypotensive effect of tafluprost is attributed to FP receptor-mediated prostaglandin production acting through the prostanoid EP3 receptor.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Diclofenac; Intraocular Pressure; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prodrugs; Prostaglandins F; Receptors, Prostaglandin
PubMed: 17124244
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.105585