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Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Jun 2022The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens correlates with adverse prognostic factors such as worse...
AIM
The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens correlates with adverse prognostic factors such as worse biochemical recurrence-free survival, higher grade and stage disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IDC-P in radical prostatectomy specimens on short-term oncological outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients who underwent RP at our clinic for prostate cancer between May 2016 and November 2019 were included in the study. They were divided into two groups based on the presence of IDC-P in RP specimens. Their clinical, pathological, and oncologic data were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS
A total of 98 patients underwent RP with a mean age of 65.5 years (50-83) and a mean follow-up time of 31.2 months (6-52). Seventy and 28 patients were evaluated in the group without IDC-P and group with IDC-P, respectively. Surgical margin positivity (p=0.307) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.017) rates were higher in the group with IDC-P. Although there were no statistical differences between the groups, at follow-up biochemical recurrence rate (p=0.052) was higher, and mean time to biochemical recurrence rates were lower (p=0.057) in the group with IDC-P. The group with IDC-P was associated with a 3-fold increase in prostate cancer-specific mortality to the group without IDC-P (p=0.037).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with IDC-P at RP specimens have more advanced disease, shorter biochemical recurrence-free, and cancerspecific survival than those without IDC-P. Defining the presence of IDC-P in RP specimens is critical in choosing the appropriate treatment strategy and predicting the prognosis.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35983810
DOI: 10.37554/en-j.arch.esp.urol-20210522-3503-23 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2016Multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging combines anatomic and functional imaging techniques for evaluating the prostate and is increasingly being used in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging combines anatomic and functional imaging techniques for evaluating the prostate and is increasingly being used in diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. A wide spectrum of anatomic and pathologic processes in the prostate may masquerade as prostate cancer, complicating the imaging interpretation. The histopathologic and imaging findings of these potential mimics are reviewed. These entities include the anterior fibromuscular stroma, surgical capsule, central zone, periprostatic vein, periprostatic lymph nodes, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), atrophy, necrosis, calcification, hemorrhage, and prostatitis. An understanding of the prostate zonal anatomy is helpful in distinguishing the anatomic entities from prostate cancer. The anterior fibromuscular stroma, surgical capsule, and central zone are characteristic anatomic features of the prostate with associated low T2 signal intensity due to dense fibromuscular tissue or complex crowded glandular tissue. BPH, atrophy, necrosis, calcification, and hemorrhage all have characteristic features with one or more individual multiparametric MR imaging modalities. Prostatitis constitutes a heterogeneous group of infective and inflammatory conditions including acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, infective and noninfective granulomatous prostatitis, and malacoplakia. These entities are associated with variable clinical manifestations and are characterized by the histologic hallmark of marked inflammatory cellular infiltration. In some cases, these entities are indistinguishable from prostate cancer at multiparametric MR imaging and may even exhibit extraprostatic extension and lymphadenopathy, mimicking locally advanced prostate cancer. It is important for the radiologists interpreting prostate MR images to be aware of these pitfalls for accurate interpretation. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Topics: Atrophy; Calcinosis; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pathology; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 26587887
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150030 -
American Journal of Men's Health 2022The tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of regulatory noncoding RNAs and have different biological functions in cancer. This article investigated the...
The tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of regulatory noncoding RNAs and have different biological functions in cancer. This article investigated the expression and clinicopathological significance of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 in prostate carcinoma (PCa), and its effect on tumor growth. Expression profiles of tRFs and tiRNAs were analyzed by tRF and tiRNAs microarray in PCa samples, and then the expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR; RNA in situ hybridization was used to detect the positive expression of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 and to analyze the correlation between the expression level of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 and clinicopathological parameters. CCK-8 experiment was used to detect the effect of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 on the proliferation of PCa cells, and nude mice subcutaneous tumor model was used to detect the effect of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 on the growth of PCa cells. The results showed that tRF-Glu-TTC-2 was mainly positive and its expression level increased in PCa. The high expression was closely related to the tumor size ( < .05). Overexpression of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 promoted the proliferation of PCa cells, and decreased expression of tRF-Glu-TTC-2 inhibited the proliferation of PCa cells ( < .05). The results of subcutaneous tumor transplantation in nude mice showed that the tumor volume and weight of the knockdown group were smaller than those of the control group(all s < .05). Ki-67 staining showed that the proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in the reduced tRF-Glu-TTC-2 group was lower than that in the control group ( < .05). The tRF-Glu-TTC-2 may be a new oncogene that can promote growth and proliferation of PCa. It provides a new idea for the treatment of PCa.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Humans; Mice, Nude; Prostate; Ki-67 Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma
PubMed: 36377736
DOI: 10.1177/15579883221135970 -
Cancer Medicine Jan 2024Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer characterized by the growth of tumor cells within the prostate ducts. It is... (Review)
Review
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer characterized by the growth of tumor cells within the prostate ducts. It is often found alongside invasive carcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving IDC-P is crucial for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of IDC-P and their prognostic indications, comparing them to conventional prostate acinar adenocarcinoma, to gain insights into its unique behavior and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Topics: Male; Humans; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 38379333
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6939 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2022Prostate cancer being the world's leading cause of cancer and also the second most common cancer in men is posing challenges in its diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry with...
Prostate cancer being the world's leading cause of cancer and also the second most common cancer in men is posing challenges in its diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry with markers like high molecular weight cytokeratin, p63 aid in the diagnosis. The absence of p63 and high molecular weight cytokeratin and presence of p504s in the biopsies indicate malignant lesions. Yet, there is a loophole to this too. A rare case of p63-positive prostatic adenocarcinoma in an 87-year-old patient, with immunohistochemistry results showing overexpression of p63 in the nuclei of the malignant glands. This tumor shows high molecular weight cytokeratin negativity, and p504s positivity. Prognosis of this variant of the tumor is mostly favorable. Prompt treatment will halt the progression of this tumor and prevent paraplegia. Radical prostatectomy could be avoided by treatment modalities like androgen blockade and brachytherapy, as morbidity is very high with radical prostatectomy surgery.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Keratins; Male; Membrane Proteins; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35435392
DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.343157 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2015The differential diagnosis for atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate has become increasingly complex and includes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, high-grade... (Review)
Review
The differential diagnosis for atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate has become increasingly complex and includes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypical intraductal proliferations. In this review, we summarize the morphologic and molecular features and significance of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. We also summarize our institution's strategy for reporting and treatment recommendations for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 26414467
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0206-RA -
Cells Apr 2020The term aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPCa) refers to androgen receptor (AR)-independent anaplastic forms of prostate cancer (PCa), clinically characterized by a... (Review)
Review
The term aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPCa) refers to androgen receptor (AR)-independent anaplastic forms of prostate cancer (PCa), clinically characterized by a rapidly progressive disease course. This involves hormone refractoriness and metastasis in visceral sites. Morphologically, AVPCa is made up of solid sheets of cells devoid of pleomorphism, with round and enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli and slightly basophilic cytoplasm. The cells do not show the typical architectural features of prostatic adenocarcinoma and mimic the undifferentiated carcinoma of other organs and locations. The final diagnosis is based on the immunohistochemical expression of markers usually seen in the prostate, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). A subset of AVPCa can also express neuroendocrine (NE) markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD56. This letter subset represents an intermediate part of the spectrum of NE tumors which ranges from small cell to large cell carcinoma. All such tumors can develop following potent androgen receptor pathway inhibition. This means that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) transdifferentiates and becomes a treatment-related NE PCa in a clonally divergent manner. The tumors that do not show NE differentiation might harbor somatic and/or germline alterations in the DNA repair pathway. The identification of these subtypes has direct clinical relevance with regard to the potential benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and likely further therapies.
Topics: Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen
PubMed: 32344931
DOI: 10.3390/cells9051073 -
BMC Medicine Jul 2022Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a subtype of prostate cancer featured by poor prognosis. Previous studies suggested IDC-P could have a potentially...
BACKGROUND
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a subtype of prostate cancer featured by poor prognosis. Previous studies suggested IDC-P could have a potentially unstable genome. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score is a result-oriented method to describe the genomic instability status. This study investigates the association of HRD scores with IDC-P and other clinicopathological factors and the prognostic implication of HRD scores in an aggressive prostate cancer cohort.
METHODS
This study involved 123 PCa patients, including high-risk localized (M0) and de novo metastatic (M1) diseases. HRD score is calculated based on over 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms distributed across the human genome. We explored the association between HRD scores and clinicopathological characteristics, genomic alterations, and patients' prognoses using rank-sum tests, chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards method.
RESULTS
The median HRD score of this cohort is 21.0, with 65 (52.8%) patients showing HRD scoreā„21. Tumors with IDC-P displayed higher HRD scores than adenocarcinoma (P=0.002); other high HRD score-related factors included M1 (P =0.008) and high ISUP grades (4-5) (P=0.001). MYC mutations were associated with high HRD scores (P<0.001) in the total cohort. TP53 mutations (P=0.010) and HRR pathway mutations (P=0.028) corresponded to high HRD scores in IDC-P positive and non-IDC-P patients, respectively, but not vice versa. HRD scores higher than 21 indicated significantly worse survival in the total cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
M1, high Gleason score, and IDC-P pathology represent higher HRD scores in PCa. Tumors with IDC-P might have different driven mechanisms for high HRD scores than non-IDC-P. HRD score displayed prognostic value in this aggressive prostate cancer cohort.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Homologous Recombination; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35864546
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02430-0 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Aug 2007There have been 2 putative prostatic cancer precursors, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (adenosis), but PIN remains as a... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
There have been 2 putative prostatic cancer precursors, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (adenosis), but PIN remains as a well-known precancerous condition.
OBJECTIVE
To describe recent advances in knowledge of PIN and to better define the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of PIN.
DATA SOURCES
Review of the pertinent literature and our experience.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of ductal/acinar epithelial changes including nuclear enlargement, prominent nucleoli, chromatin alterations, and luminal complexity is an easy way to identify the disorder. Four main patterns of high-grade PIN (HGPIN) have been described: tufting, micropapillary, cribriform, and flat. In addition, variants of HGPIN have also been described. Both HGPIN and prostatic carcinoma share an increased incidence and severity with advancing age and with high rates of occurrence in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Furthermore, HGPIN and prostate cancer share genetic and molecular markers as well, with PIN representing an intermediate stage between benign epithelium and invasive carcinoma. The clinical significance of HGPIN is that it identifies patients at risk for prostatic carcinoma. With the increased use of extended biopsy protocols, clinicians are more likely to identify HGPIN and less likely to miss concurrent carcinoma.
Topics: Cell Nucleus; Humans; Male; Precancerous Conditions; Prostate; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 17683188
DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-1257-PINRA -
Androgen-deprivation therapy-induced aggressive prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.Asian Journal of Andrology 2014Most prostate cancers (PCas) are classified as acinar type (conventional) adenocarcinoma which are composed of tumor cells with luminal differentiation including the... (Review)
Review
Most prostate cancers (PCas) are classified as acinar type (conventional) adenocarcinoma which are composed of tumor cells with luminal differentiation including the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). There are also scattered neuroendocrine (NE) cells in every case of adenocarcinoma. The NE cells are quiesecent, do not express AR or PSA, and their function remains unclear. We have demonstrated that IL8-CXCR2-P53 pathway provides a growth-inhibitory signal and keeps the NE cells in benign prostate and adenocarcinoma quiescent. Interestingly, some patients with a history of adenocarcinoma recur with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) after hormonal therapy, and such tumors are composed of pure NE cells that are highly proliferative and aggressive, due to P53 mutation and inactivation of the IL8-CXCR2-P53 pathway. The incidence of SCNC will likely increase due to the widespread use of novel drugs that further inhibit AR function or intratumoral androgen synthesis. A phase II trial has demonstrated that platinum-based chemotherapy may be useful for such therapy-induced tumors.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Androgen Antagonists; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 24589459
DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.123669