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Urology Journal Nov 2014
Prostate cancer antigen 3 gene expression in peripheral blood and urine sediments from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients versus healthy individuals.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sample Size
PubMed: 25433474
DOI: No ID Found -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Nov 2018
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30395520
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.85a.18102 -
The Journal of Urology Mar 2017The 4-kallikrein panel, commercially available as the 4Kscore™, is a reflex test for prostate cancer early detection that has been extensively validated in multiple... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Properties of the 4-Kallikrein Panel Outside the Diagnostic Gray Zone: Meta-Analysis of Patients with Positive Digital Rectal Examination or Prostate Specific Antigen 10 ng/ml and Above.
PURPOSE
The 4-kallikrein panel, commercially available as the 4Kscore™, is a reflex test for prostate cancer early detection that has been extensively validated in multiple international cohorts. It has been suggested that use of such reflex tests be limited to those with prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/ml and negative digital rectal examination. We aimed to determine the value of the panel in men outside this "diagnostic gray zone."
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis using data from prior studies on the 4-kallikrein panel. We calculated the properties of the panel for predicting high grade (Gleason 7+) cancer in a subgroup of men with either positive digital rectal examination or prostate specific antigen 10 to 25 ng/ml.
RESULTS
A total 2,891 men from 8 cohorts were included. An important proportion of patients, including 32% in the United States validation study, had prostate specific antigen 10 to 25 ng/ml or a positive digital rectal examination. For men with prostate specific antigen 10 to 25 ng/ml the fixed-effects estimate for the discrimination of the kallikrein model was 0.84 vs 0.69 for the base model (difference 0.128, 95% CI 0.098-0.159). In the positive digital rectal examination group discrimination was 0.82 vs 0.72 (difference 0.092, 95% CI 0.069-0.115). Decision analysis showed a clinical net benefit for use of the panel in this subgroup with a reduction in biopsy rates of about 20% and only a small number of high grade cancers missed, or fewer than 3% of those not biopsied.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of the kallikrein panel in men with a positive digital rectal examination or prostate specific antigen 10 to 25 ng/ml is justified.
Topics: Digital Rectal Examination; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Kallikreins; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 27693450
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.09.086 -
Analytical Sciences : the International... 2018Here, we report a sol-gel integrated affinity microarray for on-chip matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) that...
Here, we report a sol-gel integrated affinity microarray for on-chip matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) that enables capture and identification of prostate?specific antigen (PSA) in samples. An anti-PSA antibody (H117) was mixed with a sol?gel, and the mixture was spotted onto a porous silicon (pSi) surface without additional surface modifications. The antibody easily penetrates the sol-gel macropore fluidic network structure, making possible high affinities. To assess the capture affinity of the platform, we performed a direct assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled PSA. Pure PSA was subjected to on-chip MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, yielding three clear mass peptide peaks (m/z = 1272, 1407, and 1872). The sol-gel microarray platform enables dual readout of PSA both fluorometric and MALDI-TOF MS analysis in biological samples. Here we report a useful method for a means for discovery of biomarkers in complex body fluids.
Topics: Gels; Microarray Analysis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Trypsin
PubMed: 29526899
DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.317 -
ChemMedChem Jul 2014The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an established target for the delivery of cancer therapeutic and imaging agents due to its high expression on the...
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an established target for the delivery of cancer therapeutic and imaging agents due to its high expression on the surface of prostate cancer cells and within the neovasculature of other solid tumors. Here, we describe the synthesis and screening of antibody-conjugated silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for PSMA-specific cell targeting. The humanized anti-PSMA antibody, HuJ591, was conjugated to a series of nanoparticles with varying densities of polyethylene glycol and primary amine groups. Customized assays utilizing iron spectral absorbance and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) were developed to screen microgram quantities of nanoparticle formulations for immunoreactivity and cell targeting ability. Antibody and PSMA-specific targeting of the optimized nanoparticle was evaluated using an isogenic PSMA-positive and PSMA-negative cell line pair. Specific nanoparticle targeting was confirmed by iron quantification with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These methods and nanoparticles support the promise of targeted theranostic agents for future treatment of prostate and other cancers.
Topics: Antibodies, Immobilized; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Line, Tumor; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Male; Nanoparticles; Polyethylene Glycols; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 24591351
DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300549 -
The Journal of Urology Apr 2009Prostate specific antigen testing is common in the elderly despite evidence that older men without aggressive prostate cancer are unlikely to benefit from diagnosis and...
PURPOSE
Prostate specific antigen testing is common in the elderly despite evidence that older men without aggressive prostate cancer are unlikely to benefit from diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the relationship between prostate specific antigen and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer developing in men of various ages.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This longitudinal cohort study consisted of 849 men (122 with and 727 without prostate cancer) with serial prostate specific antigen measurements participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of men by prostate specific antigen and age who died of prostate cancer or in whom aggressive prostate cancer developed (death from prostate cancer, a prostate specific antigen 20 ng/ml or greater, or Gleason score 8 or greater).
RESULTS
No participants between 75 and 80 years old with a prostate specific antigen less than 3.0 ng/ml died of prostate cancer. In contrast, men of all ages with a prostate specific antigen of 3.0 ng/ml or greater had a continually increasing probability of death from prostate cancer (Fisher's exact test p <0.001). The time to death or diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer after age 75 years was not significantly different between the prostate specific antigen categories of 3 to 3.9 and 4 to 9.9 ng/ml (p = 0.634), whereas the time to death or diagnosis of high risk prostate cancer was significantly longer for the prostate specific antigen category of less than 3 vs 3 ng/ml or greater (p = 0.019).
CONCLUSIONS
Men 75 to 80 years old with a prostate specific antigen less than 3 ng/ml are unlikely to die of or experience aggressive prostate cancer during their remaining life, suggesting that prostate specific antigen testing might be safely discontinued for these men.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 19246059
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.117 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Mar 2021Blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are widely used as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA)-based PSA detection can...
BACKGROUND
Blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are widely used as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA)-based PSA detection can overcome the limitations associated with other methods. LFIAbased PSA detection in clinical samples enables prognosis and early diagnosis owing to the use of high-performance signal reporters.
RESULTS
Here, a semiquantitative LFIA platform for PSA detection in blood was developed using Au-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) assembled on silica NPs (SiO2@Au-Ag NPs) that served as signal reporters. Synthesized SiO2@Au-Ag NPs exhibited a high absorbance at a wide wavelength range (400-800 nm), with a high scattering on nitrocellulose membrane test strips. In LFIA, the color intensity of the test line on the test strip differed depending on the PSA concentration (0.30-10.00 ng/mL), and bands for the test line on the test strip could be used as a standard. When clinical samples were assessed using this LFIA, a visual test line with particular color intensity observed on the test strip enabled the early diagnosis and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer based on PSA detection. In addition, the relative standard deviation of reproducibility was 1.41%, indicating high reproducibility, and the signal reporter showed good stability for 10 days.
CONCLUSION
These characteristics of the signal reporter demonstrated the reliability of the LFIA platform for PSA detection, suggesting potential applications in clinical sample analysis.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Colorimetry; Gold; Humans; Immunoassay; Limit of Detection; Male; Metal Nanoparticles; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; Silicon Dioxide; Silver
PubMed: 33712008
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00817-4 -
The Journal of Urology Jun 2008Prostate specific antigen is a glycoprotein found almost exclusively in normal and neoplastic prostate cells. Prostate specific antigen doubling time, or the change in...
PURPOSE
Prostate specific antigen is a glycoprotein found almost exclusively in normal and neoplastic prostate cells. Prostate specific antigen doubling time, or the change in prostate specific antigen over time, has emerged as a useful predictive marker for assessing disease outcome in patients with prostate cancer. It is important to agree on definitions and values for the calculation of prostate specific antigen doubling time, and to develop a common approach to outcome analysis and reporting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In September 2006 a conference was held at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland to define these parameters and develop guidelines for their use.
RESULTS
The Prostate Specific Antigen Working Group defined criteria regarding prostate specific antigen doubling time including the calculation of prostate specific antigen doubling time, evidence to support prostate specific antigen doubling time as a predictive factor in the setting of biochemical recurrence and the use of prostate specific antigen doubling time as a stratification factor in clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose that investigators calculate prostate specific antigen doubling time before enrolling patients in clinical studies and calculate it as an additional measurement of therapeutic activity. We believe we have developed practical guidelines for the calculation of prostate specific antigen doubling time and its use as a measurement of prognosis and outcome. Furthermore, the use of common standards for prostate specific antigen doubling time in clinical trials is important as we determine which treatments should progress to randomized trials in which "hard" end points such as survival will be used.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Time Factors
PubMed: 18423743
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.099 -
The International Journal of Biological... Jun 2014Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. The antibody-mediated therapy for cancer treatment depends on the identification of selected molecular targets....
Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. The antibody-mediated therapy for cancer treatment depends on the identification of selected molecular targets. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a potential molecular target in prostate cancer and is abundantly expressed in this type of cancer. This study is aimed at designing and producing a recombinant PSMA epitope and a monoclonal nanobody with a high affinity toward the PSMA protein. A DNA fragment encoding the dominant epitopes of PSMA was designed, synthesized, and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). A camel was immunized with the purified recombinant PSMA (rPSMA). Following mRNA isolation and cDNA synthesis, the variable fragment of heavy-chain antibodies (VHH) fragments were cloned and displayed on the surface of an M13 phage and used in sequential panning rounds. After phage ELISA and selection of colonies with the highest affinity, soluble nanobodies were produced and evaluated. Affinity of the nanobodies to rPSMA was estimated to be 3.5 × 10-7. Adherence of the purified anti-PSMA VHH was tested in cell-ELISA in the LnCaP and PC3 cell lines. VHH efficiently bound to LnCaP cells. The high specificity and affinity of this nanobody suggests its possible application as an effective tool in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Topics: Animals; Camelus; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Single-Domain Antibodies
PubMed: 24425321
DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000063 -
Urology Journal 2007We evaluated the ratio of free to total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA to protein concentrations in saliva and serum of healthy men.
INTRODUCTION
We evaluated the ratio of free to total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA to protein concentrations in saliva and serum of healthy men.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Concentrations of protein, free PSA, and total PSA in serum and saliva were measured in 30 healthy men aged 42 to 73 years, and their ratios were compared between the two fluids.
RESULTS
There was a significant direct correlation between serum free-total PSA ratios of serum and saliva (P = .04) and between total PSA-protein ratios of serum and saliva (P = .02). Also, there were significant correlations between total and free PSA levels in saliva (P = .05) and between those in serum (P < .001). Significant inverse and direct correlations were detected between the body mass index and serum values of total PSA-protein (P = .04) and free-total PSA (P = .01), respectively.
CONCLUSION
We can use saliva sample instead of serum sample for estimation of free-total PSA and total PSA-protein levels in men without prostate diseases. There is, however, a pressing need for much additional research in this area before the true clinical value of saliva as a diagnostic fluid can be determined.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Proteins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Reference Values; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides
PubMed: 18270950
DOI: No ID Found