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JAMA Network Open May 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 33999169
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.9711 -
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam,... Oct 2017In recent decades, it has become clear that most of human proteins are glycosylated and that protein glycosylation plays an important role in health and diseases. At...
In recent decades, it has become clear that most of human proteins are glycosylated and that protein glycosylation plays an important role in health and diseases. At present, simple, fast and inexpensive methods are sought for clinical applications and particularly for improved diagnostics of various diseases, including cancer. We propose a label- and reagent-free electrochemical method based on chronopotentiometric stripping (CPS) analysis and a hanging mercury drop electrode for the detection of interaction of sialylated protein biomarker a prostate specific antigen (PSA) with two important lectins: Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA). Incubation of PSA-modified electrode with specific SNA lectin resulted in an increase of CPS peak H of the complex as compared to this peak of individual PSA. By adjusting polarization current and temperature, PSA-MAA interaction can be either eliminated or distinguished from the more abundant PSA-SNA complex. CPS data were in a good agreement with the data obtained by complementary methods, namely surface plasmon resonance and fluorescent lectin microarray. It can be anticipated that CPS will find application in glycomics and proteomics.
Topics: Agglutinins; Electric Conductivity; Electrochemistry; Maackia; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Sambucus nigra
PubMed: 28651174
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.005 -
European Urology Mar 2023Patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have a high risk of progression to metastatic disease, particularly if their prostate-specific... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and Safety of Darolutamide in Patients with Nonmetastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Stratified by Prostate-specific Antigen Doubling Time: Planned Subgroup Analysis of the Phase 3 ARAMIS Trial.
BACKGROUND
Patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have a high risk of progression to metastatic disease, particularly if their prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) is ≤6 mo. However, patients remain at a high risk with a PSADT of >6 mo.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of darolutamide versus placebo in patients stratified by PSADT >6 or ≤6 mo.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A planned subgroup analysis of a global multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 trial in men with nmCRPC and PSADT ≤10 mo was conducted.
INTERVENTION
Patients were randomized 2:1 to oral darolutamide 600 mg twice daily or placebo, while continuing androgen-deprivation therapy.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The primary endpoint was metastasis-free survival (MFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and times to pain progression, first cytotoxic chemotherapy, and symptomatic skeletal events. Quality of life (QoL) was measured using validated prostate-relevant tools. Safety was recorded throughout the study.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Of 1509 patients enrolled, 469 had PSADT >6 mo (darolutamide n = 286; placebo n = 183) and 1040 had PSADT ≤6 mo (darolutamide n = 669; placebo n = 371). Baseline characteristics were balanced between subgroups. Darolutamide significantly prolonged MFS versus placebo in both subgroups (unstratified hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: PSADT >6 mo, 0.38 [0.26-0.55]; PSADT ≤6 mo, 0.41 [0.33-0.52]). OS and other efficacy and QoL endpoints favored darolutamide with significant improvement over placebo in both subgroups. The incidence of adverse events, including events commonly associated with androgen receptor inhibitors (fractures, falls, hypertension, and mental impairment), and discontinuations due to adverse events were low and similar to placebo. Limitations include small subgroup populations.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with nmCRPC and PSADT >6 mo (maximum 10 mo), darolutamide provided a favorable benefit/risk ratio, characterized by significant improvements in MFS, OS, and other clinically relevant endpoints; maintenance of QoL; and favorable tolerability.
PATIENT SUMMARY
In patients with prostate cancer that has stopped responding to standard hormonal therapy (indicated by an increase in prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels), there is a risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. This risk is highest when the time it takes for the PSA level to double (ie, "PSA doubling time" [PSADT]) is less than 6 mo. However, there is still a risk that the cancer will spread even if the PSADT is longer than 6 mo. In a group of patients whose PSADT was more than 6 mo but no more than 10 mo, treatment with darolutamide slowed the cancer spread and allowed them to live longer than patients who received placebo (inactive drug). Darolutamide treatment did not cause many side effects and helped maintain patients' quality of life without disruptions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Quality of Life; Androgen Antagonists
PubMed: 36089529
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.07.018 -
Urology Apr 2016
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 27036677
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.11.047 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Feb 2018Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used as an indicative marker of a pathologic condition of the prostate, and the ratio of free PSA (fPSA) to total PSA (tPSA) helps to...
BACKGROUND
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used as an indicative marker of a pathologic condition of the prostate, and the ratio of free PSA (fPSA) to total PSA (tPSA) helps to distinguish benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we present some reversed ratios of fPSA to tPSA and analyze the possible mechanism.
METHODS
Using the UniCel DxI800 Access Immunoassay System, eight reversed fPSA to tPSA ratios were obtained, and then these samples were retested with an Abbott Architect i2000 Immunoassay Analyser and Cobas e602.
RESULTS
Four of the eight reversed ratios kept a ratio >1 using Abbott Architect i2000, and seven of them turned into a ratio <1 using Cobas e602.
CONCLUSION
In consideration of the assay these three detecting systems apply, the possible reason of the reversed ratios can be heterophile antibodies. To get accurate reason, further study is required.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Chemical Analysis; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28383168
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22231 -
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians 1999Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important of all tumor markers in that it has significant applications in all aspects of the management of men with prostatic... (Review)
Review
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important of all tumor markers in that it has significant applications in all aspects of the management of men with prostatic disease. Certainly, the most important utilization of PSA is for the early detection of this most ubiquitous of all human neoplasms. This article reviews the salient features of PSA, with particular emphasis on strategies to improve its utility in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. So-called PSA derivatives--including age-specific PSA, PSA velocity, and PSA density--are discussed. With the recognition of molecular forms of PSA, however, the ratio of free-to-total PSA, and now the complex form of PSA, have been shown to be more specific indicators of the presence of malignancy. Significant public interest and research efforts in prostate cancer have resulted in numerous advances over the past decade. The discovery of PSA and the development of assays to measure it will undoubtedly be recorded as one of the most important advances in the management of men with prostate cancer.
Topics: Humans; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 11198954
DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.49.5.264 -
Andrology Jul 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33580913
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12987 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37668127
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0530 -
Clinical Chemistry Jan 2019Genetic association studies have reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at chromosome 19q13.3 to be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Recently, the...
BACKGROUND
Genetic association studies have reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at chromosome 19q13.3 to be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Recently, the rs61752561 SNP (Asp84Asn substitution) in exon 3 of the kallikrein-related peptidase 3 () gene encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was reported to be strongly associated with PCa risk ( = 2.3 × 10). However, the biological contribution of the rs61752561 SNP to PCa risk has not been elucidated.
METHODS
Recombinant PSA protein variants were generated to assess the SNP-mediated biochemical changes by stability and substrate activity assays. PC3 cell-PSA overexpression models were established to evaluate the effect of the SNP on PCa pathogenesis. Genotype-specific correlation of the SNP with total PSA (tPSA) concentrations and free/total (F/T) PSA ratio were determined from serum samples.
RESULTS
Functional analysis showed that the rs61752561 SNP affects PSA stability and structural conformation and creates an extra glycosylation site. This PSA variant had reduced enzymatic activity and the ability to stimulate proliferation and migration of PCa cells. Interestingly, the minor allele is associated with lower tPSA concentrations and high F/T PSA ratio in serum samples, indicating that the amino acid substitution may affect PSA immunoreactivity to the antibodies used in the clinical immunoassays.
CONCLUSIONS
The rs61752561 SNP appears to have a potential role in PCa pathogenesis by changing the glycosylation, protein stability, and PSA activity and may also affect the clinically measured F/T PSA ratio. Accounting for these effects on tPSA concentration and F/T PSA ratio may help to improve the accuracy of the current PSA test.
Topics: Aged; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycosylation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Proteolysis
PubMed: 30538125
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.295790 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2018To determine whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) could serve as a biomarker for breast cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) could serve as a biomarker for breast cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed an electronic search on Medline, PubMed, SPRINGER, John Wiley, Science Direct, EBSCO, CNKI and Wanfang Data to identify relevant studies for our meta-analysis. The search terms included ['prostate specific antigen' or 'PSA' (MESH)] and ['breast cancer' or 'breast carcinoma' (MESH)].
RESULTS
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 10 studies comprising of 770 cases and 799 controls were included. Among the studies considered, the sensitivity of the tPSA test for diagnosis was 0.718 (95% CI: 0.630, 0.792), the specificity was 0.528 (95% CI: 0.299, 0.746) and the diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) was 2.852 (95% CI: 1.021, 7.969). The sensitivity of fPSA test for diagnosis was 0.783 (95% CI: 0.541, 0.917), specificity was 0.679 (95% CI: 0.209, 0.944) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 7.668 (95% CI: 0.331, 177.451).
CONCLUSIONS
Serum PSA could be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer, and a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of breast cancer from benign breast tumors.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 30024607
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201807_15412