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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2000This review presents the current taxonomy of the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella, along with the current methods for the identification of each species... (Review)
Review
This review presents the current taxonomy of the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella, along with the current methods for the identification of each species within the three genera, incorporating both conventional biochemical and commercial methods. While all of these organisms are ubiquitous in the environment, individual case reports and nosocomial outbreak reports that demonstrate their ability to cause major infectious disease problems are presented. Lastly, anticipated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are reviewed. Many of these organisms are easily controlled, but the advent of newer and more powerful antimicrobial agents has led to some problems of which laboratorians need to be aware.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Providencia
PubMed: 11023955
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.13.4.534 -
Innate Immunity Feb 2011This review is devoted to structural and serological characteristics of the O-antigens (O-polysaccharides) of the lipopolysaccharides of various Proteus species, which... (Review)
Review
This review is devoted to structural and serological characteristics of the O-antigens (O-polysaccharides) of the lipopolysaccharides of various Proteus species, which provide the basis for classifying Proteus strains to O-serogroups. The antigenic relationships of Proteus strains within and beyond the genus as well as their O-antigen-related bioactivities are also discussed.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Cross Reactions; Molecular Sequence Data; O Antigens; Proteus
PubMed: 20305038
DOI: 10.1177/1753425909360668 -
Innate Immunity Apr 2018Professor Krystyna Kotełko was working as a microbiologist at the University of Łódź (Poland). Her main object of study was the LPS (endotoxin) of opportunistic...
Professor Krystyna Kotełko was working as a microbiologist at the University of Łódź (Poland). Her main object of study was the LPS (endotoxin) of opportunistic urinary pathogens from the genus Proteus. She demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of uronic acids and amino acids, as well as two heptoses (L- glycero-D- manno-heptose and D- glycero-D- manno-heptose) and hexosamines in Proteus LPS, and developed a classification scheme of the Proteus LPS into chemotypes. Prof Kotełko also initiated studies on the chemical structure of Proteus O-specific polysaccharide and investigations on the serological specificity of this part of LPS, as well its core region. She also analysed the virulence factors of these bacteria, such as haemolysin and invasiveness.
Topics: Endotoxins; History, 20th Century; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Microbiology; Poland; Proteus; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 29635980
DOI: 10.1177/1753425918763066 -
Protein Expression and Purification May 2022Suppressor of copper sensitivity (Scs) proteins play a role in the bacterial response to copper stress in many Gram-negative bacteria, including in the human pathogen...
Suppressor of copper sensitivity (Scs) proteins play a role in the bacterial response to copper stress in many Gram-negative bacteria, including in the human pathogen Proteus mirabilis. Recently, the ScsC protein from P. mirabilis (PmScsC) was characterized as a trimeric protein with isomerase activity that contributes to the ability of the bacterium to swarm in the presence of copper. The CXXC motif catalytic cysteines of PmScsC are maintained in their active reduced state by the action of its membrane-bound partner protein, the Proteus mirabilis ScsB (PmScsB). Thus, PmScsC and PmScsB form a redox relay in vivo. The predicted domain arrangement of PmScsB comprises a central transmembrane β-domain and two soluble, periplasmic domains, the N-terminal α-domain and C-terminal γ-domain. Here, we provide a procedure for the recombinant expression and purification of the full-length PmScsB protein. Using Lemo21 (DE3) cells we expressed PmScsB and, after extraction and purification, we were able to achieve a yield of 3 mg of purified protein per 8 L of bacterial culture. Furthermore, using two orthogonal methods - AMS labelling of free thiols and a scrambled RNase A activity assay - PmScsB is shown to catalyze the reduction of PmScsC. Our results demonstrate that the PmScsC and PmScsB redox relay can be reconstituted in vitro using recombinant full-length PmScsB membrane protein. This finding provides a promising starting point for the in vitro biochemical and structural characterization of the P. mirabilis ScsC and ScsB interaction.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Copper; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Periplasm; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 35026386
DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106047 -
Genomics Jan 2022Proteus phage vB_PvuS_Pm34 (Pm34) isolated from the sewage, is a novel virus specific to Proteus vulgaris. Pm34 belonged to the family Siphovirodae with an icosahedron...
Proteus phage vB_PvuS_Pm34 (Pm34) isolated from the sewage, is a novel virus specific to Proteus vulgaris. Pm34 belonged to the family Siphovirodae with an icosahedron capsid head and a non-contractile tail. Its genome was 39,558 bp in length with a G + C content of 41.4%. Similarity analysis showed that Pm34 shared low identities of 27.6%-38.4% with any other Proteus phages, but had the 96% high identity with Proteus mirabilis AOUC-001. In the genome of Pm34, 70 open reading frames was deduced and 32 had putative functions including integrase and host lysis proteins. No tRNAs, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected. Pm 34 presented a broad pH (4-8) and good temperature tolerance (<40 °C). This is the first report of the bacteriophage specific to P. vulgaris, which can enrich the knowledge of bacteriophages of Prouteus bacteria and provide the possibility for the alternative treatment of P. vulgaris infection.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Open Reading Frames; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Siphoviridae
PubMed: 34839020
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.033 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2022Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. This study aims to investigate the anti-infective effect of Alhagi...
Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. This study aims to investigate the anti-infective effect of Alhagi maurorum extract (AME), the traditional medicinal plant in the middle east, on the biofilm-forming P. mirabilis isolates. Hydroalcoholic extract and oil of A. maurorum were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS. The antiproliferative, anti-biofilm, and bactericidal activity of AME at various concentrations were assessed by turbidity, crystal violet binding, and agar well diffusion assays, respectively. The AME's effect on adhesion and quorum sensing (QS) were investigated by in vitro adhesion assay on cell culture and agar overlay assay using Janthinobacterium lividum (ATCC 12472) as a biosensor strain. In addition, the expression level of selected genes involved in QS and biofilm regulation were determined by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, the bladder phantom model was created to evaluate the assays and investigate the catheter's calcium deposition. The most effective chemical compounds found in AME were tamarixetin, quercetin, and trans-anethole. Although AME did not inhibit swarming motility, it reduced biofilm production and exerted a concentration-dependent anti-adhesive and anti-QS activity against P. mirabilis. AME also downregulated the expression level of selected genes involved in biofilm formation and QS. This study showed that AME as a natural compound reduced biofilm formation of P. mirabilis by targeting virulence factor genes, quorum sensing, and other strategies that include preventing the adhesion of P. mirabilis to the cells. The results suggest that A. maurorum extract might have the potential to be considered for preventing UTIs caused by P. mirabilis.
Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Catheters; Fabaceae; Humans; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Proteus mirabilis; Quorum Sensing; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 35978046
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18362-x -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2022Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an...
Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an 18-month-old female mixed breed sheep was examined for pyoderma at the injection site of the enterotoxemia vaccine. After routine bacteriology and histopathology procedures, secondary pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis was diagnosed. The bacterium analysed using genome sequencing and new strain called AJJ 2021 was diagnosed. This is the first report of pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis in sheep.
Topics: Female; Sheep; Animals; Proteus mirabilis; Pyoderma; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 36049140
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.926 -
Archives of Razi Institute Aug 2023species (spp.) is considered one of the widely spread pathogens worldwide. spp. can be detected in contaminated water, soil, and manure, aiding the decomposition of...
species (spp.) is considered one of the widely spread pathogens worldwide. spp. can be detected in contaminated water, soil, and manure, aiding the decomposition of organic substances from animals. is a gram-negative bacterium that causes a wide range of human illnesses. This study aimed to find some virulence genes in Proteus spp. from different sources, including the laboratories of government hospitals in Karbala, Al-Hussies, and Al-Muthanna, Iraq. Fifty swab samples were collected from patients' wounds, ears, and sputum. Clinicians collected swab samples for identification. In total, 17 sputum samples, 13 ear samples, and 20 wound samples were collected from 27 (54%) females and 23 (46%) males. The virulence genes and were identified after the genomic diagnosis of spp. Thirteen isolates were identified using the primer, and 16 isolates were identified using the primer. The DNA sequence analysis of and genes revealed that all samples shared 99.52% identity for the gene, whereas the gene differed from one sample to the next. The sequence results are available at the NCBI under the accession numbers (LC661938) and (LC661939), respectively.
Topics: Male; Animals; Female; Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Virulence; Iraq; Proteus
PubMed: 38226368
DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2023.78.4.1295 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Two closely related smooth strains, Kr1 and Ks20, were isolated from wound and skin samples, respectively, of two infected patients in central Poland. Serological...
Two closely related smooth strains, Kr1 and Ks20, were isolated from wound and skin samples, respectively, of two infected patients in central Poland. Serological tests, using the rabbit Kr1-specific antiserum, revealed that both strains presented the same O serotype. Their O antigens are unique among the O serotypes, which had been described earlier, as they were not recognized in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by a set of O1-O83 antisera. Additionally, the Kr1 antiserum did not react with O1-O83 lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS, O antigen) of Kr1 was obtained via the mild acid degradation of the LPSs, and its structure was established via a chemical analysis and one- and two-dimensional H and C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy applied to both initial and O-deacetylated polysaccharides, where most β-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose (N-acetylglucosamine) (GlcNAc) residues are non-stoichiometrically O-acetylated at positions 3, 4, and 6 or 3 and 6, and a minority of α-GlcNAc residues are 6-O-acetylated. Based on the serological features and chemical data, Kr1 and Ks20 were proposed as candidates to a new successive O-serogroup in the genus , O84, which is another example of new O serotypes identified lately among serologically differentiated bacilli infecting patients in central Poland.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; O Antigens; Proteus mirabilis; Serogroup; Carbohydrate Sequence; Proteus; Lipopolysaccharides; Serotyping
PubMed: 36902128
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054699 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Modification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is the first line of Gram-negative bacteria defence against antimicrobials. Here we point to Proteus mirabilis OMPs and...
Modification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is the first line of Gram-negative bacteria defence against antimicrobials. Here we point to Proteus mirabilis OMPs and their role in antibiotic and phage resistance. Protein profiles of amikacin (AMKrsv), phage (Brsv) and amikacin/phage (AMK/Brsv) resistant variants of P. mirabilis were compared to that obtained for a wild strain. In resistant variants there were identified 14, 1, 5 overexpressed and 13, 5, 1 downregulated proteins for AMKrsv, Brsv and AMK/Brsv, respectively. Application of phages with amikacin led to reducing the number of up- and downregulated proteins compared to single antibiotic treatment. Proteins isolated in AMKrsv are involved in protein biosynthesis, transcription and signal transduction, which correspond to well-known mechanisms of bacteria resistance to aminoglycosides. In isolated OMPs several cytoplasmic proteins, important in antibiotic resistance, were identified, probably as a result of environmental stress, e.g. elongation factor Tu, asparaginyl-tRNA and aspartyl-tRNA synthetases. In Brsv there were identified: NusA and dynamin superfamily protein which could play a role in bacteriophage resistance. In the resistant variants proteins associated with resistance mechanisms occurring in biofilm, e.g. polyphosphate kinase, flagella basal body rod protein were detected. These results indicate proteins important in the development of P. mirabilis antibiofilm therapies.
Topics: Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Membrane Proteins; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 33452316
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80907-9