-
Veterinary Microbiology Jan 2009Definitive diagnosis of vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals presents challenges both for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. It is...
Definitive diagnosis of vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals presents challenges both for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. It is often impossible to diagnose the causative disease agent on a clinical basis alone and difficult to collect ample vesicular epithelium samples. Due to restrictions of time and sample size, once laboratory tests have ruled out foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease a definitive diagnosis may remain elusive. With the ability to test a small quantity of sample for a large number of pathogens simultaneously, DNA microarrays represent a potential solution to this problem. This study describes the application of a long oligonucleotide microarray assay to the identification of viruses known to cause vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals. Eighteen virus isolates from cell culture were successfully identified to genus level, including representatives of each foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype, two species of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), bovine herpesvirus 1, orf virus, pseudocowpox virus, bluetongue virus serotype 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1. VSV and VESV were also identified in vesicular epithelium samples, with varying levels of sensitivity. The results indicate that with further development this microarray assay could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of vesicular and vesicular-like diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; DNA, Viral; Female; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; RNA, Viral; Sensitivity and Specificity; Swine; Swine Diseases; Swine Vesicular Disease; Vesicular Stomatitis; Vesiculovirus
PubMed: 18621489
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.030 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2017Milker's nodule is an occupational dermatovirose caused by Parapoxvirus, which is self-limited and, due to the lack of information of health professionals, may lead to...
Milker's nodule is an occupational dermatovirose caused by Parapoxvirus, which is self-limited and, due to the lack of information of health professionals, may lead to underdiagnosis. We present two cases with exuberant manifestations and classic histopathologic findings. Case 1: Male, 19 years of age, milker, presented nodules and blisters on his palm for 15 days. Case 2: Male, 33 years of age, administrative assistant, presented erythematous nodules on his palms with lymphangitis for 5 days. He had milked a cow one week before the onset of the lesions. In both cases, the histopathology was representative and coincident with the clinical hypothesis. The lesions have presented complete involution. Milker's nodule diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, epidemiology, and histopathology. The knowledge of this disease is essential for its correct diagnosis, as well as to guide the implementation of public health measures and the appropriate treatment of sick cattle.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Dermatitis, Occupational; Epidermis; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Young Adult
PubMed: 29364443
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176923 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2017Poxviruses belonging to the Orthopoxvirus, Capripoxvirus and Parapoxvirus genera share common host species and create a challenge for diagnosis. Here, we developed a...
Poxviruses belonging to the Orthopoxvirus, Capripoxvirus and Parapoxvirus genera share common host species and create a challenge for diagnosis. Here, we developed a novel multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eight poxviruses, belonging to three genera: cowpox virus (CPXV) and camelpox virus (CMLV) [genus Orthopoxvirus]; goatpox virus (GTPV), sheeppox virus (SPPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) [genus Capripoxvirus]; orf virus (ORFV), pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) [genus Parapoxvirus]. The assay is based on high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMCA) of PCR amplicons produced using genus specific primer pairs and dsDNA binding dye. Differences in fragment size and GC content were used as discriminating power. The assay generated three well separated melting regions for each genus and provided additional intra-genus genotyping allowing the differentiation of the eight poxviruses based on amplicon melting temperature. Out of 271 poxviral DNA samples tested: seven CPXV, 25 CMLV, 42 GTPV, 20 SPPV, 120 LSDV, 33 ORFV, 20 PCPV and two BPSV were detected; two samples presented co-infection with CMLV and PCPV. The assay provides a rapid, sensitive, specific and cost-effective method for the detection of pox diseases in a broad range of animal species and humans.
Topics: Animals; Base Composition; DNA, Viral; Genotype; Humans; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poxviridae; Poxviridae Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 28216667
DOI: 10.1038/srep42892 -
BMC Research Notes Nov 2014Application of molecular diagnostic methods to the determination of etiology in suspected poxvirus-associated infections of bovines is important both for the diagnosis...
BACKGROUND
Application of molecular diagnostic methods to the determination of etiology in suspected poxvirus-associated infections of bovines is important both for the diagnosis of the individual case and to form a more complete understanding of patterns of strain occurrence and spread. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize bovine-associated zoonotic poxviruses in Bangladesh which are relevant to animal and human health.
FINDINGS
Investigators from the International Center Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Bangladesh Department of Livestock Services traveled to three districts in Bangladesh-Siranjganj, Rangpur and Bhola-to collect diagnostic specimens from dairy cattle and buffalo that had symptoms consistent with poxvirus-associated infections. Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) DNA was obtained from lesion material (teat) and an oral swab collected from an adult cow and calf (respectively) from a dairy production farm in Siranjganj. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) DNA signatures were obtained from a scab and oral swab collected from a second dairy cow and her calf from Rangpur.
CONCLUSIONS
We report the first detection of zoonotic poxviruses from Bangladesh and show phylogenetic comparisons between the Bangladesh viruses and reference strains based on analyses of the B2L and J6R loci (vaccinia orthologs). Understanding the range and diversity of different species and strains of parapoxvirus will help to spotlight unusual patterns of occurrence that could signal events of significance to the agricultural and public health sectors.
Topics: Animals; Bangladesh; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Geography; Humans; Parapoxvirus; Phylogeny; Poxviridae Infections; Zoonoses
PubMed: 25410770
DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-816 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Mar 2024Parapoxviruses are worldwide epitheliotropic viruses that affect ruminants. Viruses of this genus have a narrow host range; however, the pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) also...
Parapoxviruses are worldwide epitheliotropic viruses that affect ruminants. Viruses of this genus have a narrow host range; however, the pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) also infects humans. Unfortunately, these cases are not well documented, and the epidemiology and the properties of the causative agents are not properly described. Here, we report the first case of PCPV in northern Russia (the Irkutsk region). The infection occurred in non-immune herds where no new arrivals of animals had been reported. Moreover, clinical signs of infection (skin lesions) were observed in humans. Based on the nucleotide identity and phylogenetic analysis of the partial-length B2L gene, the Irkutsk 2019 isolate was classified as PCPV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence of the B2L gene fragment of PCPV revealed a close phylogenetic relationship between the Irkutsk 2019 isolate and the PCPV strains isolated in Europe and the USA. The high degree of conservatism of the B2L gene does not allow for finding a correlation between their geographical origin and the results of phylogenetic analysis.
PubMed: 38540067
DOI: 10.3390/ani14060969 -
The Cornell Veterinarian Jan 1977Isolation of viruses from calves with acute respiratory tract disease were attempted on bovine embryonic lung cell cultures. An isolate obtained from one calf with oral...
Isolation of viruses from calves with acute respiratory tract disease were attempted on bovine embryonic lung cell cultures. An isolate obtained from one calf with oral lesions and respiratory disease, designated 44-M-E482, was characterized as a paravaccinia virus on the basis of biological and physical properties. The calf from which the paravaccinia virus 44-M-E482 was isolated did not possess serum neutralizing antibody in its convalescent sera; neither did experimentally inoculated calves possess serum neutralizing antibody to the isolate. However, a low titer of serum neutralizing antibody was produced in one calf after several intravenous injections of the virus. Inoculation of calves with 44-M-E482 into the oral mucosa, skin, nasal cavity and pharynx did not cause any noticeable illness or lesions. The relation of 44-M-E482 to the viruses which cause bovine papular stomatitis and pseudocowpox is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; Poxviridae; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 188595
DOI: No ID Found -
Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2021Milker's nodule is caused by the pseudocowpox virus following inoculation from infected cattle. We report the case of erythema multiforme induced by pseudocowpox...
Milker's nodule is caused by the pseudocowpox virus following inoculation from infected cattle. We report the case of erythema multiforme induced by pseudocowpox infection in an 18-year-old female from regional Australia. While erythema multiforme has been described as a complication of orf, it is rare as a sequela of pseudocowpox infection. Greater clinical knowledge of this disease and potential complications aid in guiding appropriate management of this phenomenon.
PubMed: 34239737
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5584773 -
Virology Jan 2003We have identified a gene encoding a homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) genome. The predicted protein shows 27% amino...
We have identified a gene encoding a homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) genome. The predicted protein shows 27% amino acid identity to human VEGF-A. It also shows 41 and 61% amino acid identity to VEGFs encoded by orf virus (ORFV) strains NZ2 and NZ7, respectively. Assays of the expressed VEGF-like protein of PCPV (PCPV(VR634)VEGF) demonstrated that PCPV(VR634)VEGF is mitogenic for endothelial cells and is capable of inducing vascular permeability. PCPV(VR634)VEGF bound VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) but did not bind VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-3. These results indicate that PCPV(VR634)VEGF is a biologically active member of the VEGF family which shares with the ORFV-encoded VEGFs a receptor binding profile that differs from those of all cellular members of the VEGF family. It seems likely that the biological activities of PCPV(VR634)VEGF contribute to the proliferative and highly vascularized nature of PCPV lesions.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Capillary Permeability; Endothelial Growth Factors; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lymphokines; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Pseudocowpox Virus; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 12573575
DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1750 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Apr 2017During 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the Amazon Region of western Colombia. Samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic...
During 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the Amazon Region of western Colombia. Samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and PCR testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. These findings highlight the need for increased poxvirus surveillance in Colombia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Cattle; Child; Colombia; Farmers; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus; Young Adult
PubMed: 28322708
DOI: 10.3201/eid2304.161041 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2022
PubMed: 35381968
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00733-1