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Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2021Most substance use disorders (SUD) emerge in adolescence and early adulthood. Early interventions in young people may reduce the risk and severity of SUD and other... (Review)
Review
Most substance use disorders (SUD) emerge in adolescence and early adulthood. Early interventions in young people may reduce the risk and severity of SUD and other psychiatric disorders.
AIM: To provide suggestions for proactive psychiatry in addiction.
METHOD: Literature review.
RESULTS: Comorbidity, cumulative risks and self-regulation skills each play an important role in proactive psychiatry. Early universal prevention and intervention targeted at improving self-regulation reduces the risk of a broad array of psychiatric and social problems, including addiction.
CONCLUSION: In terms of broad prevention, much can be gained by widespread, consistent implementation and normalization of universal prevention at the pre- and elementary school level. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie 63(2021)2, 125-128.Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Comorbidity; Humans; Psychiatry; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33620724
DOI: No ID Found -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2019.
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Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Mar 2019
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Psychiatry; Child; Child Psychiatry; Germany; Humans; National Health Programs
PubMed: 30727819
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000649 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Mar 2020Ever since psychiatry emerged as a clinical discipline and field of scientific inquiry in the late 18th century, debates about diagnosis have been at its very heart.... (Review)
Review
Ever since psychiatry emerged as a clinical discipline and field of scientific inquiry in the late 18th century, debates about diagnosis have been at its very heart. Considered by many a requirement for clinical communication as well as for systematic study, others have critiqued psychiatric diagnosis for being modeled on a medical conception of disease that is ill-suited to the specific nature of mental disorders. Based on a review of seminal positions in the conceptual history of psychiatry and an examination of their epistemological underpinnings, we propose to consider diagnosis as dialogue. Such understanding, we argue, can serve as a meta-framework that provides a conceptual and practical umbrella to encourage open-minded conversation across the diverse conceptual and experiential frameworks that are characteristic of psychiatry. In this perspective psychopathology will also reinforce the interpersonal realm as a necessary element of any clinical encounter, be it diagnostic in purpose or otherwise. Current challenges to traditional diagnostic systems like Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) are discussed in light of these considerations. .
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry
PubMed: 32699503
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/phoff -
Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive... Dec 2022Given its subject matter, biological psychiatry is uniquely poised to lead STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) DEI (diversity, equity, and... (Review)
Review
Given its subject matter, biological psychiatry is uniquely poised to lead STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) DEI (diversity, equity, and inclusion) initiatives related to disability. Drawing on literatures in science, philosophy, psychiatry, and disability studies, we outline how that leadership might be undertaken. We first review existing opportunities for the advancement of DEI in biological psychiatry around axes of gender and race. We then explore the expansion of biological psychiatry's DEI efforts to disability, especially along the lines of representation and access, community accountability, first-person testimony, and revised theoretical frameworks for pathology. We close with concrete recommendations for scholarship and practice going forward. By tackling head-on the challenge of disability inclusion, biological psychiatry has the opportunity to be a force of transformation in the biological sciences and beyond.
Topics: Humans; Biological Psychiatry; Psychiatry
PubMed: 36038045
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.008 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Jan 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Psychiatry; Child; Child Psychiatry; Forecasting; Health Workforce; Humans; Mental Health Services; Specialization
PubMed: 31950371
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01467-6 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Nov 2020Forensic psychiatry is a medical (sub-) speciality covering a variety of different fields, such as general psychiatry, criminology, law, anthropology and sociology.... (Review)
Review
Forensic psychiatry is a medical (sub-) speciality covering a variety of different fields, such as general psychiatry, criminology, law, anthropology and sociology. Experts in forensic psychiatry are required to have a base of specific training, eclectic knowledge and correct ethical and professional practice. The cross-disciplinary nature of forensic psychiatry means that it demands flexibility, procedural rigour and a continuous dialogue between the medical field and the legal profession. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the evolution in this field, which is very specific and also essential to today's democracy. Indeed, forensic psychiatry can be traced all the way back to Antiquity, but it has undergone profound changes in the last few years, with the field gaining recognition and its practices becoming increasingly professionalised. This is indeed excellent news.
Topics: Belgium; Forensic Psychiatry; Humans
PubMed: 33155449
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jun 2002
Topics: Brain Diseases; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Mental Disorders; Neurology; Psychiatry
PubMed: 12077018
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.324.7352.1468 -
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Jun 2017Recently, optogenetic techniques have emerged as a method to optically manipulate molecular and cellular events in target cells both in vitro and in vivo. Optogenetics... (Review)
Review
Recently, optogenetic techniques have emerged as a method to optically manipulate molecular and cellular events in target cells both in vitro and in vivo. Optogenetics results from the fruitful combination of optics and genetic engineering, maximizing the advantages of each discipline. These advantages are optical control through the manipulation of wavelength and light intensity on the millisecond timescale, and specific gene expression and gene product trafficking with subcellular precision. This kind of fine-tuning cannot be achieved using traditional methods. Therefore, optogenetic techniques have brought a revolution to neuroscience. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the history and recent advances of optogenetics, focusing in particular on applications for psychiatric research.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neurosciences; Optogenetics; Psychiatry
PubMed: 28233379
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12516 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Nov 1992
Topics: Female; History, 17th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 1469416
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.11.983