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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Polyurethane (PU) refers to the polymer containing carbamate groups in its molecular structure, generally obtained by the reaction of isocyanate and alcohol. Because of... (Review)
Review
Polyurethane (PU) refers to the polymer containing carbamate groups in its molecular structure, generally obtained by the reaction of isocyanate and alcohol. Because of its flexible formulation, diverse product forms, and excellent performance, it has been widely used in mechanical engineering, electronic equipment, biomedical applications, etc. Through physical or chemical methods, ionic groups are introduced into PU, which gives PU electrical conductivity, flame-retardant, and antistatic properties, thus expanding the application fields of PU, especially in flexible devices such as sensors, actuators, and functional membranes for batteries and gas absorption. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of PU in chemical and microphase structures and their related physical and chemical performance. To improve the performance of PU, ionic liquids (ILs) were applied in the processing or synthesis of PU, resulting in a new type of PU called ionic PU. In the following part of this review, we mainly summarized the fabrication methods of IL-modified PUs via physical blending and the chemical copolymerization method. Then, we summarized the research progress of the applications for IL-modified PUs in different fields, including sensors, actuators, transistors, antistatic films, etc. Finally, we discussed the future development trends and challenges faced by IL-modified PUs.
Topics: Humans; Polyurethanes; Ionic Liquids; Polymers; Molecular Structure; Suppuration
PubMed: 37511385
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411627 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jul 2017Simple subcutaneous abscesses are common, and we have examined the literature concerning the ideal treatment of subcutaneous abscesses. We recommend radical debridement... (Review)
Review
Simple subcutaneous abscesses are common, and we have examined the literature concerning the ideal treatment of subcutaneous abscesses. We recommend radical debridement with removal of all pus, the abscess wall and any necrosis. If primary suture is chosen, preoperative antibiotics should be administered, and the cavity should be closed without dead space. Antibiotics should not routinely be given, but always be considered in immunocompromised patients or patients with septicaemia. Routine examination of the microbiology has no influence on the treatment and is not recommended.
Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Drainage; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 28689542
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2013
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Cholecystitis; Humans; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Suppuration; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 23883730
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115672 -
Annals of Family Medicine Jan 2023Context: Acute sore throat is a common presentation in primary care and often results in antibiotic prescription. The Covid pandemic has driven changes in consultation... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Context: Acute sore throat is a common presentation in primary care and often results in antibiotic prescription. The Covid pandemic has driven changes in consultation with less face to face visits. Scoring tools are available to target antibiotics and widely used in the UK but it is not clear whether patient self assessment is feasible and sufficiently precise to enable remote use of scoring tools. Objective: A feasibility study to develop and test remote assessment of acute sore throat. Design: Observational study Setting: UK primary care Population: Adults and children with sore throat were asked to use the online tool and report their clinical findings directly Intervention: An online tool was developed that could help patients or parents of children with sore throat assess the clinical features that make up clinical prediction rules and to take a photograph of the throat Results: 221 patients with sore throat were screened and 45 (33 adults and 12 children) were recruited. 44/45 (97.8%) participants were able to complete all elements of the clinical assessment. It was possible to calculate a FeverPAIN score for 25 (75.8%) adults and 10 (83.3%) children. 35 participants (25 (75.8%) adults and 10 (83.3%) children) provided a throat photograph but many of these were not of sufficient quality to enable assessment of throat pus and inflammation. Poor lighting and focus were the main problems. Photos that were of sufficient quality were available from 13 (39.4%) adults and 5 (41.7%) children. Three GPs independently assessed these photographs to assess for inflammation and pus. Using the clinician assessment as the reference standard, self/parent/carer assessment of inflammation had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 46.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 27.3% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for pus were 76.5%, 100%, 71.4%, 42.9% and 100%. Conclusions: Self assessment of sore throat was possible. Photographs were of sufficient quality for clinical assessment less than half the time. Patients/parents/carers are very good at ruling out pus and inflammation, but have a tendency to overcall these findings, especially inflammation. Further implications for self assessment and future work will be described.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Pharynx; Feasibility Studies; COVID-19; Pharyngitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Inflammation; Pain; Suppuration; Streptococcal Infections; COVID-19 Testing
PubMed: 36944082
DOI: 10.1370/afm.21.s1.4003 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jul 1987Eleven children under 16 years of age with purulent pericarditis were seen in one hospital in one year. The condition was always secondary to a septic focus elsewhere,...
Eleven children under 16 years of age with purulent pericarditis were seen in one hospital in one year. The condition was always secondary to a septic focus elsewhere, usually staphylococcal pneumonia; its incidence after pneumonia was 0.64%, but this may be an underestimate. Clinical diagnosis can be difficult in patients with pneumonia as the heart is not always enlarged. Persistent or progressive liver enlargement was an important diagnostic feature. The presence of excess pericardial fluid was easily confirmed by echocardiography. Early diagnosis and drainage followed by continuous irrigation with 0.1% povidone iodine solution usually resulted in rapid recovery, but two patients died.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pericarditis; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Suppuration
PubMed: 3632015
DOI: 10.1136/adc.62.7.696 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,...
Topics: Humans; Dermatology; Eye Abnormalities; Suppuration
PubMed: 38031674
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_654_2023 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Feb 2016Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful skin disease characterised by recurrent inflammatory lesions in flexural locations such as the axillae, groins and...
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful skin disease characterised by recurrent inflammatory lesions in flexural locations such as the axillae, groins and perineum. The papules, nodules and abscesses may discharge blood-stained pus which, combined with pain, results in marked quality-of-life reduction. Sinus tracts and scarring may also result. Onset of HS is typically in the second to fourth decades and it affects about 1% of young European adults. There are links with smoking and obesity and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance is reported by one-third of patients. Medical management escalates from topical antimicrobials to oral tetracyclines, a combination of clindamycin and rifampicin typically given for 10 weeks, oral disease modifiers, and anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapies. Excision of individual lesions has high recurrence rates which can be minimised by wider excisions, at the expense of longer healing times. Treatment of pain is a relatively neglected aspect of therapy.
Topics: Adult; Axilla; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Obesity; Pain Management; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Skin; Smoking
PubMed: 26833521
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-70 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2007Classical eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, or Ofuji's disease, is a chronic and relapsing dermatosis that is predominantly reported in East Asian populations....
Classical eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, or Ofuji's disease, is a chronic and relapsing dermatosis that is predominantly reported in East Asian populations. Clinically, the disease typically begins as small papules, which enlarge and coalesce into a large plaque, usually on the face. The histopathology is characterized by a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate in the dermis with concentration around pilosebaceous units, often with eosinophilic microabscess formation. The differentiation of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis from other eosinophilic dermatoses is practically challenging and requires close clinicopathologic correlation. Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis may also be associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection, various drugs, and some lymphomas and could also be thought of as a nonspecific dermatopathologic pattern in such settings. The cause of classical eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is unknown, although immune processes are almost certain to play a key role in its pathogenesis.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophilia; Female; Folliculitis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Sex Factors; Skin Diseases; Suppuration
PubMed: 17922601
DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-1598-EPF -
International Wound Journal Oct 2023This systematic review aimed to examine the knowledge of caregivers regarding pressure ulcer (PU) prevention. A thorough, methodical search was conducted from the... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to examine the knowledge of caregivers regarding pressure ulcer (PU) prevention. A thorough, methodical search was conducted from the earliest date to February 1, 2023 using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Caregivers", "Knowledge", and "Pressure ulcer" in various international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database. The quality of the studies included in this systematic review was evaluated using an appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). In total, 927 caregivers participated in the eight studies. The average age of the participants was 40.50 (SD = 12.67). Among the participants, 61.87% were women. The average caregiver's knowledge of PU prevention was 53.70 (SD = 14.09) out of 100, which suggests a moderate level of knowledge. Factors such as level of education, age, occupation, information about PUs, attitude, and practice had a significant positive relationship with caregivers' knowledge related to the prevention of PUs. Knowledge had a significantly negative relationship with age. In addition, marital status, type of relationship, age, gender, occupation, level of education, and inpatient wards had a significant relationship with caregivers' knowledge regarding PUs prevention. Therefore, managers and policymakers in the medical field can help increase caregivers' knowledge by providing an online or in-person educational platform relevant to PU prevention.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ulcer; Pressure Ulcer; Suppuration
PubMed: 36960763
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14168 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Aug 2022Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep neck infection, occurring as a consequence of bacterial acute tonsillitis or as a result of infection of the Weber... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep neck infection, occurring as a consequence of bacterial acute tonsillitis or as a result of infection of the Weber glands, with frequent and life-threatening complications.
AIM
To investigate several factors associated with complications and worse prognosis, such as defining the method of surgical drainage and treatment of a PTA which remains an area of controversy in the literature METHODS: The purpose of this retrospective study is to examine the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings of 601 adult patients and to discuss them along with their treatment plan.
RESULTS
Pharyngalgia was the most common reported symptom, followed by trismus, odynophagia, fever, hot potato voice, malaise, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Sixty-eight patients developed complications. Streptococcus species were the most common pathogens. A statistically significant difference was found in days of hospitalization, WBC and CRP levels, age, and the pre-existing systemic diseases between patients with and without complications. A comparison of patients treated with intravenous and oral antibiotics revealed no statistically significant difference.
CONCLUSION
Οver 10% of PTA cases may develop complications, the most common of which is extension into deep neck spaces. Comorbid conditions increase the risk of complications. Despite the wide range of treatment strategies, incision and drainage remain the cornerstone of surgical treatment. In patients with no comorbidities, intravenous antibiotics appear to have no advantage over oral antibiotics.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage; Humans; Peritonsillar Abscess; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34617243
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02796-9