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Allergy Nov 2015Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment modality which can be applied using different vaccines. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the allergen content of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment modality which can be applied using different vaccines. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the allergen content of different house dust mites (HDM)' sublingual treatments and to review the evidence on their efficacy.
METHODS
Five sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) products were ordered and purchased at an ordinary pharmacy and masked for blinding before the study was started. Detection of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae allergens Der p 1, Der f 1, Der p 2 and Der f 2 was carried out by immunoblotting and fluorescent multiplex. A literature search for meta-analyses and systematic reviews that included SLIT-HDM products was performed.
RESULTS
Der p 1 concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 14.5 μg/ml; similar figures were found for Der f 1 that ranged from 0.2 to 12.4 μg/ml. Der p 2+ Der f 2 ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 μg/ml. Data on efficacy are scarce for most of the five products.
CONCLUSIONS
Substantial variations regarding allergen content were found among these five SLIT-HDM products. Therefore, it can be necessary to guarantee the quality of the SLIT-HDM products and to demonstrate their effectiveness before they are marketed. It seems necessary, for the moment, to take into account these characteristics of the products before prescribing.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Pyroglyphidae; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Treatment Outcome; Vaccines
PubMed: 26185961
DOI: 10.1111/all.12694 -
Clinical and Experimental Immunology Jan 2022Female genital tract chronic inflammation is common in clinics; the pathogenesis is not fully understood yet. House dust mite (HDM) involves the pathogenesis of many...
Female genital tract chronic inflammation is common in clinics; the pathogenesis is not fully understood yet. House dust mite (HDM) involves the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases in human. This study aims to identify HDM-specific allergic response in the cervix of patients with cervical inflammation. Patients (n = 80) with chronic cervicitis (CC) and non-CC control (NC) subjects (n = 80) were recruited into this study. Vaginal lavage fluids (VLF) were collected from CC patients and NC subjects. Cellular components and fluid part of VLF were separated by centrifugation, and analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that a portion (52 out of 80) of CC patients responded to HDM, manifesting positive skin prick test, and HDM-specific IgE and IgG was detected in the VLF (designated CCp patients). VLF of CCp patients showed a Th2-dominant profile. HDM-specific Th2 cells were detected in VLF in CCp patients. Exposure to HDM in the culture induced proinflammatory cytokine release from CCp VLF CD4+ T cells. Exposure to CCp VLF CD4+ T cell-conditioned medium induced de novo Th2 response. Direct exposure to HDM induced allergic response in the cervix of CCp patients. In summary, a portion of CC patients respond to HDM challenge in the cervix. Exposure to HDM induces an allergy-like response in the cervix of CCp patients.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Pyroglyphidae; Th2 Cells; Uterine Cervicitis
PubMed: 35020843
DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab026 -
Respiratory Research May 2023The gut-lung axis is the concept that alterations of gut microbiota communities can influence immune function in the lungs. While studies have explored the relationship...
BACKGROUND
The gut-lung axis is the concept that alterations of gut microbiota communities can influence immune function in the lungs. While studies have explored the relationship between intestinal bacterial dysbiosis and asthma development, less is understood about the impact of commensal intestinal fungi on asthma severity and control and underlying mechanisms by which this occurs.
METHODS
Wild-type mice were treated with Cefoperazone to deplete gut bacteria and administered Candida albicans or water through gavage. Mice were then sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) and their lungs were analyzed for changes in immune response. Humans with asthma were recruited and stool samples were analyzed for Candida abundance and associations with asthma severity and control.
RESULTS
Mice with intestinal Candida dysbiosis had enhanced Th2 response after airway sensitization with HDM, manifesting with greater total white cell and eosinophil counts in the airway, and total IgE concentrations in the serum. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) were more abundant in the lungs of mice with Candida gut dysbiosis, even when not sensitized to HDM, suggesting that ILC2 may be important mediators of the enhanced Th2 response. These effects occurred with no detectable increased Candida in the lung by culture or rtPCR suggesting gut-lung axis interactions were responsible. In humans with asthma, enhanced intestinal Candida burden was associated with the risk of severe asthma exacerbation in the past year, independent of systemic antibiotic and glucocorticoid use.
CONCLUSIONS
Candida gut dysbiosis may worsen asthma control and enhance allergic airway inflammation, potentially mediated by ILC2. Further studies are necessary to examine whether microbial dysbiosis can drive difficult-to-control asthma in humans and to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Immunity, Innate; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mycobiome; Dysbiosis; Lymphocytes; Lung; Asthma; Pyroglyphidae; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37259076
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02422-5 -
Angiogenesis Feb 2017Although bronchial angiogenesis has been well documented in allergic asthma, lymphangiogenesis has not been widely studied. Therefore, we evaluated changes in lung...
Although bronchial angiogenesis has been well documented in allergic asthma, lymphangiogenesis has not been widely studied. Therefore, we evaluated changes in lung lymphatics in a rat model of allergen-induced asthma using house dust mite (Der p 1; 100 μg/challenge). Additionally, properties of isolated lung lymphatic endothelial cells (CD45, CD141, LYVE-1, Prox-1) were studied in vitro. Three weeks after the onset of intranasal allergen exposure (twice-weekly), an increase in the number of lung lymphatic vessels was measured (34% increase) by lung morphometry. New lymphatic structures were seen predominantly in the peribronchial and periarterial interstitial space but also surrounding large airways. Isolated lymphatic endothelial cells from sensitized lungs showed enhanced proliferation (% Ki67), chemotaxis, and tube formation (number and length) compared to lymphatic endothelial cells isolated from naive rat lungs. This hyper-proliferative lymphangiogenic phenotype was preserved through multiple cell passages (2-8). Lymphatic endothelial cells isolated from naive and HDM-sensitized rats produced similar in vitro levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR3 protein, each recognized as critical lymphangiogenic factors. Inhibition with anti-VEGFR (axitinib, 0.1 μM) blocked proliferation and chemotaxis. Results suggest that in vivo sensitization causes fundamental changes to lymphatic endothelium, which are retained in vitro, and may relate to VEGFR downstream signaling.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Frozen Sections; Lung; Lymphangiogenesis; Male; Pyroglyphidae; Rats, Inbred BN; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D
PubMed: 27787629
DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9529-2 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Collagen, a major structural protein in mammalian tissues, is effective against skin wounds and osteoarthritis. Although bovine and porcine collagens have mainly been...
Collagen, a major structural protein in mammalian tissues, is effective against skin wounds and osteoarthritis. Although bovine and porcine collagens have mainly been used, several potential risks of mammalian collagen have led to the use of fish collagen (FC) as an alternative. FC and its peptides are used as common cosmeceutical products because of their antihypertensive, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant activities. Despite the effects of FC on wrinkle reduction, UV-protection, and wound healing, the relationship between FC and atopic dermatitis (AD) has not yet been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti-AD effects of FC against house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae, HDM)-induced AD in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. FC alleviated AD apparent symptoms, such as dermatitis score, transepidermal water loss, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration upon declining pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, and TNF-α. The skin barrier protein, filaggrin, was also recovered by FC administration in vivo and in vitro. Immune response and skin barrier dysfunction are both mitigated by three routes of FC administration: oral, topical, and both routes via the regulation of IκB, MAPKs, and STATs pathways. In summary, FC could be a potential therapeutic agent for AD by regulating immune balance and skin barrier function.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Cattle; Mice; Pyroglyphidae; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Keratinocytes; Collagen; Dermatitis, Atopic; Fishes; Mammals
PubMed: 37689763
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41831-w -
Clinical and Experimental Allergy :... May 2022Inconsistent data exist regarding the influence of parasitic infection on the prevalence of allergic sensitization and disorders.
BACKGROUND
Inconsistent data exist regarding the influence of parasitic infection on the prevalence of allergic sensitization and disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of geohelminth and protozoan infections on sensitization patterns and allergic symptoms of children living in low-income communities in Gqeberha, South Africa.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, 587 schoolchildren aged 8-12 years were recruited in June 2016 and screened for reactivity to common allergens by skin prick tests (SPTs) and for parasitic infections by stool examination. Additionally, questionnaires were completed to record allergic symptoms the children may have experienced.
RESULTS
Positive SPTs were found in 237/587 children (40.4%), and about one-third of whom were polysensitized. Sensitizations were most frequently detected against the house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides spp. (31.9%) and Blomia tropicalis (21.0%). Infections with geohelminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura) were found in 26.8% and protozoan infections (Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidia spp.) in 13.9% of study participants. Mixed logistic regression analyses revealed negative associations between parasite infection and sensitization to Blomia tropicalis (OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.89) and to Dermatophagoides spp. (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.96), and between protozoan infection and allergic sensitization to any aeroallergen, although these associations were not significant when adjusted for false discovery. Geohelminth infection and intensity of geohelminth infection were both associated with reduced risk of polysensitization (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21-0.86), and this association remained significant with adjustment for false discovery. Reported respiratory symptoms were associated with HDM sensitization (ORs from 1.54 to 2.48), but not with parasite infection.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Our data suggest that geohelminth infection and high geohelminth infection intensity are associated with a reduced risk of polysensitization.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Pyroglyphidae; Skin Tests; South Africa
PubMed: 35073608
DOI: 10.1111/cea.14100 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is used worldwide to treat house dust mites (HDM) allergy. Epitope specific immunotherapy with peptide vaccines is used far less, but it...
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is used worldwide to treat house dust mites (HDM) allergy. Epitope specific immunotherapy with peptide vaccines is used far less, but it is of great interest in the treatment of allergic reactions, as it precludes the drawbacks of allergen extracts. The ideal peptide candidates would bind to IgG, blocking IgE-binding. To better elucidate IgE and IgG4 epitope profiles during SLIT, sequences of main allergens, Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 23 and Blo t 5, 6, 12, 13, were included in a 15-mer peptide microarray and tested against pooled sera from 10 patients pre- and post-1-year SLIT. All allergens were recognized to some extent by at least one antibody isotype and peptide diversity was higher post-1-year SLIT for both antibodies. IgE recognition diversity varied among allergens and timepoints without a clear tendency. Der p 10, a minor allergen in temperate regions, was the molecule with more IgE-peptides and might be a major allergen in populations highly exposed to helminths and cockroaches, such as Brazil. SLIT-induced IgG4 epitopes were directed against several, but not all, IgE-binding regions. We selected a set of peptides that recognized only IgG4 or were able to induce increased ratios of IgG4:IgE after one year of treatment and might be potential targets for vaccines.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Allergens; Epitopes; Immunoglobulin G; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Immunoglobulin E; Peptides; Dust Mite Allergy; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 36835585
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044173 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Pediatric allergic rhinoconjunctivitis has become a public concern with an increasing incidence year by year. Conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has long... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Pediatric allergic rhinoconjunctivitis has become a public concern with an increasing incidence year by year. Conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has long treatment time, high cost and poor compliance. The novel immunotherapy significantly shortens the course of treatment by directly injecting allergens into cervical lymph nodes, which can perform faster clinical benefits to children.
OBJECTIVE
By comparing with SCIT, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of intra-cervical lymphatic immunotherapy (ICLIT).
METHODS
This is a prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 50 allergic rhinoconjunctivitis children with dust mite allergy was randomly divided into ICLIT group and SCIT group, receiving three cervical intralymphatic injections of dust mite allergen or three years of subcutaneous injection, separately. Primary outcomes included total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), total ocular symptom scores (TOSS), total symptom scores (TSS), total medication scores (TMS), and total quality of life score. Secondary outcomes included pain perception and adverse reactions during treatment. Other secondary outcome was change in (Derp) and (Derf) -specific IgE level.
RESULTS
Both groups had significantly decreased TNSS, TOSS, TSS, TMS, and total quality of life score after 36 months of treatment (p<0.0001). Compared with SCIT, ICLIT could rapidly improve allergic symptoms (p<0.0001). The short-term efficacy was consistent between the two groups (p=0.07), while the long-term efficacy was better in SCIT group (p<0.0001). The pain perception in ICLIT group was lower than that in SCIT group (p<0.0001). ICLIT group was safer. Specifically, the children had only 3 mild local adverse reactions without systemic adverse reactions. The SCIT group had 14 systemic adverse reactions. At last, the serum Derp and Derf-specific IgE levels in ICLIT and SCIT groups decreased 3 years later (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION
ICLIT could ameliorate significantly the allergic symptoms in pediatric patients with an advantage in effectiveness and safety, besides an improved life quality including shortened period of treatment, frequency of drug use and pain perception.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR1800017130.
Topics: Humans; Child; Animals; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Immunotherapy; Conjunctivitis; Pyroglyphidae; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37593733
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144813 -
American Journal of Respiratory Cell... Jul 2022
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Mice; Phenotype; Pyroglyphidae; Respiratory System
PubMed: 35446226
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0101ED -
Cellular Immunology Dec 2021Asthma is an inflammatory lung disorder characterized by mucus hypersecretion, cellular infiltration, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. House dust mites (HDM) are the...
Asthma is an inflammatory lung disorder characterized by mucus hypersecretion, cellular infiltration, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. House dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent cause of allergic sensitization. Canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to pathogen or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). Murine caspase-11 engages the noncanonical inflammasome. We addressed the role of caspase-11 in mediating host responses to HDM and subsequent allergic inflammation using caspase-11 mice, which lack caspase-11 while express caspase-1. We found that HDM induce caspase-11 expression in vitro. The presence of IL-4 and IL-13 promote caspase-11 expression. Additionally, caspase-11 macrophages show reduced release of IL-6, IL-12, and KC, and express lower levels of costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40, CD86 and MHCII) in response to HDM stimulation. Notably, HDM sensitization of caspase-11 mice resulted in similar levels of IgE responses and hypothermia in response to nasal HDM challenge compared to WT. However, analysis of cell numbers and cytokines in bronchiolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathology of representative lung segments demonstrate altered inflammatory responses and reduced neutrophilia in the airways of the caspase-11 mice. These findings indicate that caspase-11 regulates airway inflammation in response to HDM exposure.
Topics: Animals; Caspases, Initiator; Hypersensitivity; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pneumonia; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 34800762
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104425