-
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2021This review summarizes the beginning of radiotherapy, techniques of modern radiation therapy with different types, toxicities induced by radiotherapy and their... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the beginning of radiotherapy, techniques of modern radiation therapy with different types, toxicities induced by radiotherapy and their management. Head and neck radiation therapy is still improving for the better management and control of the cancer and induced radiotherapy toxicities.
Topics: Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Exanthema; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Osteoradionecrosis; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 33632902
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.3.20210660 -
International Journal of Medical... 2012In recent years remarkable progress has been made towards the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development and treatment. However with its increasing... (Review)
Review
In recent years remarkable progress has been made towards the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development and treatment. However with its increasing incidence, the clinical management of cancer continues to be a challenge for the 21st century. Treatment modalities comprise of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy. Radiation therapy remains an important component of cancer treatment with approximately 50% of all cancer patients receiving radiation therapy during their course of illness; it contributes towards 40% of curative treatment for cancer. The main goal of radiation therapy is to deprive cancer cells of their multiplication (cell division) potential. Celebrating a century of advances since Marie Curie won her second Nobel Prize for her research into radium, 2011 has been designated the Year of Radiation therapy in the UK. Over the last 100 years, ongoing advances in the techniques of radiation treatment and progress made in understanding the biology of cancer cell responses to radiation will endeavor to increase the survival and reduce treatment side effects for cancer patients. In this review, principles, application and advances in radiation therapy with their biological end points are discussed.
Topics: Apoptosis; Autophagy; DNA Damage; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Humans; Neoplasms; Photons; Radiosurgery; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
PubMed: 22408567
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.3635 -
Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology Sep 2015The past 20 years have seen dramatic changes in the delivery of radiation therapy, but the impact of radiobiology on the clinic has been far less substantial. A major... (Review)
Review
The past 20 years have seen dramatic changes in the delivery of radiation therapy, but the impact of radiobiology on the clinic has been far less substantial. A major consideration in the use of radiotherapy has been on how best to exploit differences between the tumour and host tissue characteristics, which in the past has been achieved empirically by radiation-dose fractionation. New advances are uncovering some of the mechanistic processes that underlie this success story. In this Review, we focus on how these processes might be targeted to improve the outcome of radiotherapy at the individual patient level. This approach would seem a more productive avenue of treatment than simply trying to increase the radiation dose delivered to the tumour.
Topics: Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Humans; Neoplasms; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 26122185
DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.120 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Feb 2021Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 75-85%) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (10-15%). The vast majority of patients with primary HCC are not... (Review)
Review
Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 75-85%) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (10-15%). The vast majority of patients with primary HCC are not candidates for surgical treatment. Surgical resection, liver transplantation and percutaneous puncture are effective potentially curable treatments for patients with early stage liver cancer. Radiation therapy is a non-surgical alternative treatment that has generally been used to treat patients with advanced liver cancer, although it's use in the potentially curative setting is increasing. Radiotherapy is a non-invasive local treatment which works through ionizing radiation. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of commonly used radiotherapy methods, and reviews three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and internal radiation therapies, for primary liver cancer (in particular for HCC).
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Radiosurgery; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
PubMed: 32576017
DOI: 10.21037/cco-20-89 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Aug 2021Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men around the world. Radiotherapy is a standard of care treatment option for men with localized prostate... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men around the world. Radiotherapy is a standard of care treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer. Over the years, radiation delivery modalities have contributed to increased precision of treatment, employing radiobiological insights to shorten the overall treatment time, improving the control of the disease without increasing toxicities. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) represents an extreme form of hypofractionated radiotherapy in which treatment is usually delivered in 1-5 fractions. This review assesses the main efficacy and toxicity data of SBRT in non-metastatic prostate cancer and discusses the potential to implement this scheme in routine clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiation Dose Hypofractionation; Radiosurgery; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
PubMed: 34436023
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040257 -
Practical Radiation Oncology 2020To provide a detailed description of practical approaches to dose escalation in pancreatic cancer.
PURPOSE
To provide a detailed description of practical approaches to dose escalation in pancreatic cancer.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The current paper represents an international collaborative effort of radiation oncologists from the MR-linac consortium with expertise in pancreatic dose escalation.
RESULTS
A 15-fraction hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (67.5 Gy in 15 fractions) and 5-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy case (50 Gy in 5 fractions) are presented with information regarding patient selection, target volumes, organs at risk, dose constraints, and specific considerations regarding quality assurance. Additionally, we address barriers to dose escalation and briefly discuss future directions in dose escalation for pancreatic cancer, including particle therapy and magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
This article on dose escalation for pancreatic cancer may help to guide academic and community based physicians and to serve as a reference for future therapeutic trials.
Topics: Humans; Organs at Risk; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
PubMed: 32061993
DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2020.01.012 -
Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences Jun 2017Commentary is provided in the context of current practices for calculating radiation therapy margins and future directions that will impact on this.
Commentary is provided in the context of current practices for calculating radiation therapy margins and future directions that will impact on this.
Topics: Neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 28573710
DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.233 -
Physics in Medicine and Biology Feb 2021The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have... (Review)
Review
The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated with proton beams worldwide and the number of operating proton therapy (PT) facilities will soon reach one hundred. PT has long moved from research institutions into hospital-based facilities that are increasingly being utilized with workflows similar to conventional radiation therapy. While PT has become mainstream and has established itself as a treatment option for many cancers, it is still an area of active research for various reasons: the advanced dose shaping capabilities of PT cause susceptibility to uncertainties, the high degrees of freedom in dose delivery offer room for further improvements, the limited experience and understanding of optimizing pencil beam scanning, and the biological effect difference compared to photon radiation. In addition to these challenges and opportunities currently being investigated, there is an economic aspect because PT treatments are, on average, still more expensive compared to conventional photon based treatment options. This roadmap highlights the current state and future direction in PT categorized into four different themes, 'improving efficiency', 'improving planning and delivery', 'improving imaging', and 'improving patient selection'.
Topics: Biology; Humans; Neoplasms; Photons; Physics; Proton Therapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 33227715
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcd16 -
Radiation Oncology (London, England) Feb 2006Radiotherapy continues to be a major treatment for solid tumours and is a cornerstone of modern oncology. The term 'radiation oncology' describes the integration of...
Radiotherapy continues to be a major treatment for solid tumours and is a cornerstone of modern oncology. The term 'radiation oncology' describes the integration of radiation therapy into the complexity of multi-modal therapy. Over the last ten years the crucial role of radiation therapy as part of multi-modality protocols in cancer care has been documented in numerous Phase III trials. Advances in treatment technology as well as the underlying biology of tumour resistance mechanisms will further strengthen the role of radiation oncology. The scientific role of radiation oncology is reflected by the increase in the number of papers related to radiation oncology in resources like Medline. In order to reflect the growing scientific importance of radiation oncology, radiation physics and radiation biology, we have initiated Radiation Oncology as the first open access journal in the field. Open access allows for a rapid and transparent publication process together with an unequalled opportunity to reach the widest reader spectrum possible.
Topics: Access to Information; Biomedical Research; Humans; Neoplasms; Publications; Radiation Oncology; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 16722574
DOI: 10.1186/1748-717X-1-1 -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Sep 2017Preoperative breast radiation therapy (RT) is not a new concept, but older studies failed to change practice. More recently, there has been interest in revisiting... (Review)
Review
Preoperative breast radiation therapy (RT) is not a new concept, but older studies failed to change practice. More recently, there has been interest in revisiting preoperative RT using modern techniques. This current perspective discusses the indications, summarises the published literature and then highlights current clinical trials, with particular attention to combining with novel drugs and optimising associated translational research.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Preoperative Period; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 28692950
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.014