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International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2015Targeted radionuclide therapy is one of the most intensively developing directions of nuclear medicine. Unlike conventional external beam therapy, the targeted... (Review)
Review
Targeted radionuclide therapy is one of the most intensively developing directions of nuclear medicine. Unlike conventional external beam therapy, the targeted radionuclide therapy causes less collateral damage to normal tissues and allows targeted drug delivery to a clinically diagnosed neoplastic malformations, as well as metastasized cells and cellular clusters, thus providing systemic therapy of cancer. The methods of targeted radionuclide therapy are based on the use of molecular carriers of radionuclides with high affinity to antigens on the surface of tumor cells. The potential of targeted radionuclide therapy has markedly grown nowadays due to the expanded knowledge base in cancer biology, bioengineering, and radiochemistry. In this review, progress in the radionuclide therapy of hematological malignancies and approaches for treatment of solid tumors is addressed.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Neoplasms; Radioimmunotherapy
PubMed: 26729091
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010033 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jan 2005Immuno-PET as a quantitative imaging procedure before or concomitant with radioimmunotherapy is an attractive option to improve confirmation of tumor targeting and... (Review)
Review
Immuno-PET as a quantitative imaging procedure before or concomitant with radioimmunotherapy is an attractive option to improve confirmation of tumor targeting and especially assessment of radiation dose delivery to both tumor and normal tissues. General information about PET, PET systems, and quantification is provided in this review. The requirements for an appropriate positron emitter and characteristics of the most attractive candidate emitters for immuno-PET are discussed. An overview of preclinical and clinical immuno-PET studies reported in the literature is provided.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Prognosis; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes; Radiopharmaceuticals; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15653665
DOI: No ID Found -
The Oncologist Feb 2006
Topics: Beta Particles; Humans; Neoplasms; Radioactivity; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 16476838
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-181 -
British Journal of Cancer Aug 2020Radiotherapy is a pivotal component in the curative treatment of patients with localised cancer and isolated metastasis, as well as being used as a palliative strategy... (Review)
Review
Radiotherapy is a pivotal component in the curative treatment of patients with localised cancer and isolated metastasis, as well as being used as a palliative strategy for patients with disseminated disease. The clinical efficacy of radiotherapy has traditionally been attributed to the local effects of ionising radiation, which induces cell death by directly and indirectly inducing DNA damage, but substantial work has uncovered an unexpected and dual relationship between tumour irradiation and the host immune system. In clinical practice, it is, therefore, tempting to tailor immunotherapies with radiotherapy in order to synergise innate and adaptive immunity against cancer cells, as well as to bypass immune tolerance and exhaustion, with the aim of facilitating tumour regression. However, our understanding of how radiation impacts on immune system activation is still in its early stages, and concerns and challenges regarding therapeutic applications still need to be overcome. With the increasing use of immunotherapy and its common combination with ionising radiation, this review briefly delineates current knowledge about the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy, and aims to provide insights, at the preclinical level, into the mechanisms that are involved with the potential to yield clinically relevant combinatorial approaches of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Bystander Effect; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms; Radioimmunotherapy; Tumor Escape
PubMed: 32581341
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0942-3 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Apr 2016Alpha-radioimmunotherapy (α-RIT) is a targeted anti-tumor therapy using usually a monoclonal antibody specific for a tumor antigen that is coupled to an α-particle... (Review)
Review
Alpha-radioimmunotherapy (α-RIT) is a targeted anti-tumor therapy using usually a monoclonal antibody specific for a tumor antigen that is coupled to an α-particle emitter. α-emitters represent an ideal tool to eradicate disseminated tumors or metastases. Recent data demonstrate that ionizing radiation in addition to its direct cytotoxic ability can also induce an efficient anti-tumor immunity. This suggests that biologic effects on irradiated tissues could be used to potentiate immunotherapy efficacy and opens the way for development of new therapies combining α-RIT and different types of immunotherapy.
Topics: Alpha Particles; Animals; Humans; Immune System; Neoplasms; Radioimmunotherapy
PubMed: 27137693
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163204014 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Mar 2009The need for novel approaches to treat infectious diseases is obvious and urgent. This situation has renewed interest in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat... (Review)
Review
The need for novel approaches to treat infectious diseases is obvious and urgent. This situation has renewed interest in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat infectious diseases. During the last 5 years, radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a modality developed for cancer treatment, has been successfully adapted for the treatment of experimental fungal (C. neoformans and H. capsulatum), bacterial (S. pneumoniae and B. anthracis), and viral (HIV-1) infections. RIT produced none or only transient hematological toxicity in experimental animals. Investigation of radiobiological mechanisms of RIT of infections showed that microbial cells are killed by both "direct-hit" and "cross-fire" radiation. mAbs radiolabeled with either alpha- or beta-emitters stimulated apoptosis-like cell death, whereas only mAbs radiolabeled with alpha-emitter (213)Bi also decreased the metabolic activity of microbial cells. The success of this approach in laboratory studies, combined with earlier nuclear medicine experience in preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabeled organism-specific antibodies for imaging of infections, provides encouragement for the feasibility of therapeutically targeting microbes with labeled antibodies. We envision that first the organism-specific mAbs will be radiolabeled with imaging radionuclides such as (99m)Tc or (111)In to localize the sites of infection with single-photon emission computed tomography, followed by RIT with (188)Re- or (90)Y-labeled mAb, respectively. Also, immuno-position emission tomogrpahy might be used to image infection before treatment if such positron-emitting radionuclides as (86)Y (matching pair for (90)Y) or (124)I (matching pair for (131)I) are available. It might be possible to create a so-called "pan-antibody" that would recognize an antigen shared by a particular class of human pathogens such as fungi, for example. The availability of such antibodies would eliminate the necessity of having antibodies specific for each particular microorganism and would enormously enhance the development of RIT of infectious diseases.
Topics: Animals; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Radiobiology; Radioimmunotherapy
PubMed: 19187806
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.10.007 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Dec 2004An important consideration in the development of effective strategies for radioimmunotherapy is the nature of the radiation emitted by the radionuclide. Radionuclides... (Review)
Review
An important consideration in the development of effective strategies for radioimmunotherapy is the nature of the radiation emitted by the radionuclide. Radionuclides decaying by the emission of alpha-particles offer the possibility of matching the cell specific reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with radiation with a range of only a few cell diameters. Furthermore, alpha-particles have important biological advantages compared with external beam radiation and beta-particles including a higher biological effectiveness, which is nearly independent of oxygen concentration, dose rate and cell cycle position. In this review, the clinical settings most likely to benefit from alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy will be discussed. The current status of preclinical and clinical research with antibodies labeled with 3 promising alpha-particle emitting radionuclides - (213)Bi, (225)Ac, and (211)At - also will be summarized.
Topics: Actinium; Alpha Particles; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Astatine; Bismuth; Humans; Isotopes; Neoplasms; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes; Radiopharmaceuticals; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15640792
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals Oct 2018In the past several decades, many antimicrobial agents have been used in treating different fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. However, these agents have faced... (Review)
Review
In the past several decades, many antimicrobial agents have been used in treating different fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. However, these agents have faced challenges such as pronounced side-effect profiles and pathogen resistance. In addition, a cure for many chronic infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been achieved, and the incidence of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients has increased significantly in the past decades. Therefore, an alternative strategy for combating these infections is needed. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has been proposed to be a valuable tool in the management of such infections. The side-effects associated with RIT are minimal as the targeted antigens are only expressed on microbial or infected cells. RIT demonstrated impressive potency in eradicating pathogens in animal models and patient samples. Cryptococcus neoformans, HIV, and Bacillus anthracis are few examples of infections for which RIT has been an effective treatment using radionuclides such as bismuth-213 (Bi) or rhenium-188 (Re).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Bismuth; HIV Infections; Humans; Mycoses; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes; Rhenium
PubMed: 30133305
DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2481 -
Indian Journal of Cancer 2007Chelates are used in cancer as cytotoxic agent, as radioactive agent in imaging studies and in radioimmunotherapy. Various chelates based on ruthenium, copper, zinc... (Review)
Review
Chelates are used in cancer as cytotoxic agent, as radioactive agent in imaging studies and in radioimmunotherapy. Various chelates based on ruthenium, copper, zinc organocobalt, gold, platinum, palladium, cobalt, nickel and iron are reported as cytotoxic agent. Monoclonal antibodies labeled with radioactive metals such as yttrium-90, indium-111 and iodine-131 are used in radioimmunotherapy. This review is an attempt to compile the use of chelates as cytotoxic drugs and in radioimmunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Growth Processes; Chelating Agents; Chelation Therapy; Cytotoxins; Drug Therapy; Humans; Mice; Neoplasms; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes; Rats; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 17938483
DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.35813 -
BioMed Research International 2017Rhenium-188, obtained from an alumina-based tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator, is actually considered a useful candidate for labeling biomolecules such as antibodies,... (Review)
Review
Rhenium-188, obtained from an alumina-based tungsten-188/rhenium-188 generator, is actually considered a useful candidate for labeling biomolecules such as antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, and DNAs for radiotherapy. There is a widespread interest in the availability of labeling procedures that allow obtaining Re-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for various therapeutic applications, in particular for the rhenium attachment to tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mo)Abs for immunotherapy. Different approaches have been developed in order to obtain Re-radioimmunoconjugates in high radiochemical purity starting from the generator eluted [Re]ReO. The aim of this paper is to provide a short overview on Re-labeled (Mo)Abs, focusing in particular on the radiolabeling methods, quality control of radioimmunoconjugates, and their in vitro stability for radioimmunotherapy (RIT), with particular reference to the most important contributions published in literature in this topic.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Humans; Immunotherapy; Isotope Labeling; Quality Control; Radioimmunotherapy; Radioisotopes; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rhenium
PubMed: 28951872
DOI: 10.1155/2017/5923609