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Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Dec 2015Radiopeptides are powerful tools for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various diseases. Since the introduction of the first radiopeptide into the clinical... (Review)
Review
Radiopeptides are powerful tools for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various diseases. Since the introduction of the first radiopeptide into the clinical setting to diagnose neuroendocrine tumors about 25 y ago, many advances have been made in the field. This short review highlights novel strategies to improve the application of radiopeptides for imaging and therapy.
Topics: Fluorine Radioisotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Peptides; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Somatostatin; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 26514175
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.161158 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Jun 2021Ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging using [Tc]Pertechnetate or radioactive iodine isotopes are essential tools used during the diagnostic workup of hyperthyroidism... (Review)
Review
Ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging using [Tc]Pertechnetate or radioactive iodine isotopes are essential tools used during the diagnostic workup of hyperthyroidism with or without structural alterations of the thyroid. Color duplex sonography and ultrasound elastography may add important information to find the cause of the hormone excess. During the last few years, hybrid imaging using SPECT/-(CT) or PET-based methods, such as []Iodine-PET/CT or []Iodine-PET/ultrasound have been increasingly used, playing a role in the context of localizing ectopic thyroid tissue or in multinodular goiter. Recently, promising data has been published on the use of [Tc]MIBI imaging in amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Thyroid Gland; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33494588
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.21.03333-1 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Jan 2011Noninvasive imaging techniques have been used in the past for visualization the functional activity of the bone marrow compartment. Imaging with radiolabelled compounds... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive imaging techniques have been used in the past for visualization the functional activity of the bone marrow compartment. Imaging with radiolabelled compounds may allow different bone marrow disorders to be distinguished. These imaging techniques, almost all of which use radionuclide-labelled tracers, such as (99m)Tc-nanocolloid, (99m)Tc-sulphur colloid, (111)In-chloride, and radiolabelled white blood cells, have been used in nuclear medicine for several decades. With these techniques three separate compartments can be recognized including the reticuloendothelial system, the erythroid compartment and the myeloid compartment. Recent developments in research and the clinical use of PET tracers have made possible the analysis of additional properties such as cellular metabolism and proliferative activity, using (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT. These tracers may lead to better quantification and targeting of different cell systems in the bone marrow. In this review the imaging of different bone marrow targets with radionuclides including PET tracers in various bone marrow diseases are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Diseases; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 20625724
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1531-0 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2018Imaging of expression of therapeutic targets may enable stratification of patients for targeted treatments. The use of small radiolabeled probes based on the heavy-chain... (Review)
Review
Imaging of expression of therapeutic targets may enable stratification of patients for targeted treatments. The use of small radiolabeled probes based on the heavy-chain variable region of heavy-chain-only immunoglobulins or nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds permits rapid localization of radiotracers in tumors and rapid clearance from normal tissues. This makes high-contrast imaging possible on the day of injection. This mini review focuses on small proteins for radionuclide-based imaging that would allow same-day imaging, with the emphasis on clinical applications and promising preclinical developments within the field of oncology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neoplasms; Proteins; Radionuclide Imaging; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 29545374
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199901 -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2020We discuss and try to evaluate the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by radionuclide techniques and especially direct radionuclide cystography (DRC). Direct... (Review)
Review
We discuss and try to evaluate the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by radionuclide techniques and especially direct radionuclide cystography (DRC). Direct radionuclide cystography is applied for more than half a century mainly in children. Vesicoureteral reflux has a complex pathology not yet completely understood and is often related to urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal parenchyma scarring that can lead to long-term renal function impairment. Since there is no consensus on the optimal imaging algorithm after the first febrile urinary tract infection, many imaging strategies have been proposed for VUR detection in the last decade, including or not DRC. Views opposing or accepting its use are also presented.
Topics: Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
PubMed: 32716409
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912107 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2017Recent advances in nuclear medicine have explored nanoscale carriers for targeted delivery of various radionuclides in specific manners to improve the effect of... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in nuclear medicine have explored nanoscale carriers for targeted delivery of various radionuclides in specific manners to improve the effect of diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Due to the unique molecular architecture allowing facile attachment of targeting ligands and radionuclides, dendrimers provide versatile platforms in this filed to build abundant multifunctional radiolabeled nanoparticles for nuclear medicine applications. This review gives special focus to recent advances in dendrimer-based nuclear medicine agents for the imaging and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases. Radiolabeling strategies for different radionuclides and several challenges involved in clinical translation of radiolabeled dendrimers are extensively discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Nuclear Medicine; Optical Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 28841180
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091350 -
American Family Physician Apr 2013Risks of diagnostic imaging include cancer from radiation exposure and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The increase in volume of imaging between 1980 and 2006 has led to... (Review)
Review
Risks of diagnostic imaging include cancer from radiation exposure and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. The increase in volume of imaging between 1980 and 2006 has led to a sixfold increase in annual per capita radiation exposure. It is predicted that 2 percent of future cancers will be caused by radiation from computed tomography (CT) exposure. Gadolinium contrast media should be avoided in patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease because of the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Appropriate use of imaging based on guidelines for specific clinical conditions can reduce these risks. Although noncontrast CT of the head is needed to rule out bleeding in patients with suspected stroke within the first three hours of symptom onset, diffusion-weighted imaging with magnetic resonance of the head and neck is superior to CT within three to 24 hours of symptom onset. Headache merits neuroimaging in special circumstances only. Sestamibi radioisotope has less radiation than thallium for myocardial perfusion imaging. Use of intravenous contrast media with abdominopelvic CT significantly increases the diagnostic accuracy for appendicitis. Cholescintigraphy has better discrimination to diagnose acute cholecystitis than CT in patients with equivocal ultrasonography results. Limited three-view intravenous urography is recommended in pregnancy to evaluate urolithiasis if initial ultrasonography findings are negative or equivocal. Given that many asymptomatic adults have abnormal findings on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, this modality generally should not be performed for nonspecific chronic low back pain in the absence of red flags. Whole body scanning is not supported by current evidence.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy; Patient Safety; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiography; Radiologic Health; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; United States; Unnecessary Procedures
PubMed: 23547591
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Oct 2013Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is not used in the primary diagnosis or evaluation of recent-onset epilepsy. However, it can play a unique and important role in certain specific situations, such as in noninvasive presurgical localization of epileptogenic brain regions in intractable-seizure patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. Radionuclide imaging can be particularly useful if MR imaging is either negative for lesions or shows several lesions of which only 1 or 2 are suspected to be epileptogenic and if electroencephalogram changes are equivocal or discordant with the structural imaging. Similarly, PET and SPECT can also be useful for evaluating the functional integrity of the rest of the brain and may provide useful information on the possible pathogenesis of the neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities frequently observed in these patients.
Topics: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 23970368
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114397 -
Biomolecules Apr 2021Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these variable responses will bring us closer to developing more effective therapeutics. To assess these mechanisms, non-invasive imaging techniques provide valuable whole-body information with precise targeting. An example of such is immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography), which employs radiolabeled antibodies to detect specific molecules of interest. Nanobodies, as the smallest derived antibody fragments, boast ideal characteristics for this purpose and have thus been used extensively in preclinical models and, more recently, in clinical early-stage studies as well. Their merit stems from their high affinity and specificity towards a target, among other factors. Furthermore, their small size (~14 kDa) allows them to easily disperse through the bloodstream and reach tissues in a reliable and uniform manner. In this review, we will discuss the powerful imaging potential of nanobodies, primarily through the lens of imaging malignant tumors but also touching upon their capability to image a broader variety of nonmalignant diseases.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Single-Domain Antibodies
PubMed: 33925941
DOI: 10.3390/biom11050637 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2014Cholescintigraphy with (99m)Tc-hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals has been an important, clinically useful diagnostic imaging study for almost 4 decades. It continues to... (Review)
Review
Cholescintigraphy with (99m)Tc-hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals has been an important, clinically useful diagnostic imaging study for almost 4 decades. It continues to be in much clinical demand; however, the indications, methodology, and interpretative criteria have evolved over the years. This review will emphasize state-of-the-art methodology and diagnostic criteria for various clinical indications, including acute cholecystitis, chronic acalculous gallbladder disease, high-grade and partial biliary obstruction, and the postcholecystectomy pain syndrome, including sphincter-of-Oddi dysfunction and biliary atresia. The review will also emphasize the use of diagnostic pharmacologic interventions, particularly sincalide.
Topics: Biliary Tract; Biliary Tract Diseases; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Liver; Radionuclide Imaging; Reference Standards
PubMed: 24744445
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131490