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BMJ Case Reports Mar 2016A schwannoma is a neurogenic tumour arising from nerve sheaths. Between 25% and 45% of schwannomas occur in the head and neck region. Schwannomas of the larynx are... (Review)
Review
A schwannoma is a neurogenic tumour arising from nerve sheaths. Between 25% and 45% of schwannomas occur in the head and neck region. Schwannomas of the larynx are extremely rare. They usually occur in women during the fourth and fifth decades of life. We present a case of a laryngeal schwannoma in a 76-year-old patient with acute stridor, hoarseness and dysphagia. Laryngeal conservation surgery was performed without the need for a tracheostomy. One year later, the patient remains symptom-free with no evidence of recurrence. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and management are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Topics: Aged; Deglutition Disorders; Female; Hoarseness; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Neurilemmoma; Respiratory Sounds; Trachea
PubMed: 26969364
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214682 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Aug 1984
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Respiratory Sounds; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Snoring
PubMed: 6432085
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.289.6441.335 -
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Sep 2011Oral corticosteroids are the cornerstone of management of acute moderate or severe asthma whilst preventive inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of the preventive... (Review)
Review
Oral corticosteroids are the cornerstone of management of acute moderate or severe asthma whilst preventive inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of the preventive management of children with asthma. Yet, variation in the magnitude of response to corticosteroids has been observed. There is increasing evidence that preschool-aged children with viral-induced asthma may display a certain degree of corticosteroid resistance, requiring higher doses of corticosteroids to overcome it. The identification of determinants of responsiveness is complicated by design issues, including heterogeneous populations of children with asthma and bronchiolitis or of children with viral-induced and multi-trigger asthma phenotypes in published trials. Potential key determinants of responsiveness may include age, trigger, phenotype, tobacco smoke exposure and genotype. The mechanistic pathway for corticoresistance may originate from a gene-environment interaction, leading to non-eosinophilic airway inflammation. The clinician should carefully confirm the diagnosis of asthma and ascertain the phenotype to select appropriate phenotype-specific therapy.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance; Genotype; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Phenotype; Respiratory Sounds; Tobacco Smoke Pollution
PubMed: 21722845
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2011.02.007 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Jan 2007Asthma, wheeze and cough are words with profoundly differing histories, etymologies and meanings. Yet their medical usage today is clustered around the diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Asthma, wheeze and cough are words with profoundly differing histories, etymologies and meanings. Yet their medical usage today is clustered around the diagnosis and management of a single disease. Hitherto, asthma has been a clinical diagnosis but wheeze, cough and asthma now are key terms in cross-cultural questionnaire surveys which seek information on asthma prevalence. In this essay, we examine differences in the linguistic properties of terms likely to be relevant to interpreting large-scale variations in asthma prevalence uncovered by questionnaires. We show how etymologically distinct each term is: while asthma and cough each share semantic congruencies across six European languages, albeit for different reasons, there is less congruence across these languages for the term wheeze. The medical meanings of all three terms contrast with meanings revealed by the non-medical usage of all three terms, which are highly figurative. Linguistic considerations indicate that interpretation of international questionnaires that phrase questions in terms of cough, asthma and their derivatives are likely to be more reliable for the purposes of comparing prevalence than those which deploy questions phrased in terms of wheeze.
Topics: Asthma; Cough; Humans; Language; Respiratory Sounds; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 17197682
DOI: 10.1177/014107680710000110 -
Thorax Apr 1993
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Albuterol; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 8511726
DOI: 10.1136/thx.48.4.308 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 1992
Topics: Asthma; Child; England; Humans; Prevalence; Respiratory Sounds; Wales
PubMed: 1392741
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.304.6831.857 -
Canadian Respiratory Journal 2022There is no accurate radiological measurement to estimate the severity of pediatrics acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). We validated the effectiveness of an...
BACKGROUND
There is no accurate radiological measurement to estimate the severity of pediatrics acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). We validated the effectiveness of an adult radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) score in PARDS.
AIM
To assess the severity and prognosis of PARDS based on a chest radiograph (CXR) RALE scoring method.
METHODS
Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) criteria were used to diagnose PARDS. General demographics, pulmonary complications, and 28-day mortality of the patients were recorded. Subgroups were compared by prognosis (survive and death) and etiology (infection and noninfection). Two observers calculated RALE independently. Each quadrant of CXR was scored by consolidation scores 0 (none alveolar opacity), 1 (extent <25%), 2 (extent 25%-50%), 3 (50%-75%), and 4 (>75%) and density scores 1 (hazy), 2 (moderate), and 3 (dense). Quadrant score equals consolidation score times density score. Total score equals to the sum of four quadrants scores. The ROC curve and survival curve were established, and the optimal cutoff score for discrimination prognosis was set.
RESULTS
116 PARDS (72 boys and 44 girls) and 463 CXRs were enrolled. The median age was 25 months (5 months, 60.8 months) and with a mortality of 37.9% (44/116). The agreement between two independent observers was excellent (ICC = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99). Day 3 score was independently associated with better survival ( < 0.001). The area under the curve of ROC was 0.773 (95% CI: 0.709-0.838). The cutoff score was 21 (sensitivity 71.7%, specificity 76.5%), and the hazard ratio (HR) was 9.268 (95% CI: 1.257-68.320). The pulmonary complication showed an HR of 3.678 (95% CI: 1.174-11.521) for the discrimination.
CONCLUSION
CXR RALE score can be used in PARDS for discriminating the prognosis and has a better agreement among radiologist and pediatrician. PARDS with pulmonary complications, day 3 score whether greater than 21 points, have a better predictive effectiveness.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pediatrics; Prognosis; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 35607595
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9309611 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Jan 2014There is increasing evidence that vitamin D regulates immune responses. There is also epidemiological evidence of a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and... (Review)
Review
There is increasing evidence that vitamin D regulates immune responses. There is also epidemiological evidence of a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and development of asthma. In addition, several epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D during pregnancy and early life are inversely associated with the risk of developing respiratory infections and wheezing in childhood. Vitamin D also seems to reduce asthma exacerbation and increase the response to glucocorticoids. These findings have led to considering a possible link between the occurrence of allergic respiratory diseases and low levels of vitamin D. However, the precise role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of asthma still remains unclear, emphasizing the need for well-designed trials on vitamin D supplementation to decipher its role in preventing and/or managing the disease. This review examines the relationship that exists between vitamin D deficiency and childhood wheezing and asthma.
Topics: Asthma; Female; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Respiratory Sounds; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 24389138
DOI: 10.2741/e687 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Jan 2014Recurrent wheeze is a very frequent disease during infancy. In many cases, this condition is a transient one, but some infants who suffer from this illness, have a... (Review)
Review
Recurrent wheeze is a very frequent disease during infancy. In many cases, this condition is a transient one, but some infants who suffer from this illness, have a persistent recurrent wheeze. During the past decades different international cohorts have been designed to answer what are the risk factors to develop recurrent wheeze and to make the conditon persistent even into the adulthood. Infant lung function could explain some aspects of this pathophysiology. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge on the relationships of recurrent wheeze with an eventual impairment in lung function, the beginning of this impairment early in life, its relationship with asthma later in life and what risk factors are related with low lung function.
Topics: Asthma; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant; Lung; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Sounds; Risk Factors; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 24389152
DOI: 10.2741/e701 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2023Respiratory sounds have been used as a noninvasive and convenient method to estimate respiratory flow and tidal volume. However, current methods need calibration, making...
Respiratory sounds have been used as a noninvasive and convenient method to estimate respiratory flow and tidal volume. However, current methods need calibration, making them difficult to use in a home environment. A respiratory sound analysis method is proposed to estimate tidal volume levels during sleep qualitatively. Respiratory sounds are filtered and segmented into one-minute clips, all clips are clustered into three categories: normal breathing/snoring/uncertain with agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Formant parameters are extracted to classify snoring clips into simple snoring and obstructive snoring with the -means algorithm. For simple snoring clips, the tidal volume level is calculated based on snoring last time. For obstructive snoring clips, the tidal volume level is calculated by the maximum breathing pause interval. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on an open dataset, PSG-Audio, in which full-night polysomnography (PSG) and tracheal sound were recorded simultaneously. The calculated tidal volume levels are compared with the corresponding lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation (LoO) data. Experiments show that the proposed method calculates tidal volume levels with high accuracy and robustness.
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Sounds; Snoring; Tidal Volume; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Algorithms
PubMed: 36844947
DOI: 10.1155/2023/4994668