-
Environmental Research Jul 2018Studies of environmental exposures and childhood leukemia studies do not usually account for residential mobility. Yet, in addition to being a potential risk factor,...
AIMS
Studies of environmental exposures and childhood leukemia studies do not usually account for residential mobility. Yet, in addition to being a potential risk factor, mobility can induce selection bias, confounding, or measurement error in such studies. Using data collected for California Powerline Study (CAPS), we attempt to disentangle the effect of mobility.
METHODS
We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia using cases who were born in California and diagnosed between 1988 and 2008 and birth certificate controls. We used stratified logistic regression, case-only analysis, and propensity-score adjustments to assess predictors of residential mobility between birth and diagnosis, and account for potential confounding due to residential mobility.
RESULTS
Children who moved tended to be older, lived in housing other than single-family homes, had younger mothers and fewer siblings, and were of lower socioeconomic status. Odds ratios for leukemia among non-movers living <50 meters (m) from a 200+ kilovolt line (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 0.72-3.65) and for calculated fields ≥ 0.4 microTesla (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.65-4.52) were slightly higher than previously reported overall results. Adjustments for propensity scores based on all variables predictive of mobility, including dwelling type, increased odds ratios for leukemia to 2.61 (95% CI: 1.76-3.86) for living < 50 m from a 200 + kilovolt line and to 1.98 (1.11-3.52) for calculated fields. Individual or propensity-score adjustments for all variables, except dwelling type, did not materially change the estimates of power line exposures on childhood leukemia.
CONCLUSION
The residential mobility of childhood leukemia cases varied by several sociodemographic characteristics, but not by the distance to the nearest power line or calculated magnetic fields. Mobility appears to be an unlikely explanation for the associations observed between power lines exposure and childhood leukemia.
Topics: California; Case-Control Studies; Child; Electromagnetic Fields; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Odds Ratio; Population Dynamics; Pregnancy
PubMed: 29574256
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.016 -
Health & Place Sep 2021This study assesses the association between childhood residential mobility and health-related outcomes by way of a meta-analysis of studies published between 1989 and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study assesses the association between childhood residential mobility and health-related outcomes by way of a meta-analysis of studies published between 1989 and 2020. The sample includes 844 effect sizes from 64 unique studies. The results point to a negative association (small to medium) between childhood mobility and health. This association is contingent upon the type of health outcome studied, age at outcome assessment, age at moving, and frequency of moves. The major confounders of this association are parental SES, parental marital status, ethnicity, and co-occurring childhood adversities. The implications for future research are discussed.
Topics: Child; Ethnicity; Humans; Marital Status; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 34428708
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102650 -
Health & Place Mar 2022Current efforts to characterize movers and identify predictors of moving have been limited. We used the ARIC cohort to characterize non-movers, short-distance movers,...
Current efforts to characterize movers and identify predictors of moving have been limited. We used the ARIC cohort to characterize non-movers, short-distance movers, and long-distance movers, and employed best subset algorithms to identify important predictors of moving, including interactions between characteristics. Short- and long-distance movers were notably different from non-movers, and important predictors of moving differed based on the distance of the residential move. Importantly, systematic inclusion of interaction terms enhanced model fit and was substantively meaningful. This work has important implications for epidemiologic studies of contextual exposures and those treating residential mobility as an exposure.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Humans; Population Dynamics; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 35247797
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102771 -
Journal of Mathematical Biology Sep 2023We present a hybrid method for calculating the equilibrium population-distributions of integrodifference equations (IDEs) with strictly increasing growth, for...
We present a hybrid method for calculating the equilibrium population-distributions of integrodifference equations (IDEs) with strictly increasing growth, for populations that are confined to a finite habitat-patch. This method is based on approximating the growth function of the IDE with a piecewise-constant function, and we call the resulting model a block-pulse IDE. We explicitly write out analytic expressions for the iterates and equilibria of the block-pulse IDEs as sums of cumulative distribution functions. We characterize the dynamics of one-, two-, and three-step block-pulse IDEs, including formal stability analyses, and we explore the bifurcation structure of these models. These simple models display rich dynamics, with numerous fold bifurcations. We then use three-, five-, and ten-step block-pulse IDEs, with a numerical root finder, to approximate models with compensatory Beverton-Holt growth and depensatory, or Allee-effect, growth. Our method provides a good approximation for the equilibrium distributions for compensatory and depensatory growth and offers numerical and analytical advantages over the original growth models.
Topics: Models, Theoretical; Population Growth
PubMed: 37702828
DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01986-6 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2015Childhood adversity is gaining increasing attention as a plausible etiological factor in the development of psychotic disorders. Childhood residential mobility is a...
INTRODUCTION
Childhood adversity is gaining increasing attention as a plausible etiological factor in the development of psychotic disorders. Childhood residential mobility is a potential risk factor that has received little attention in this context.
METHODS
We used registry data to estimate associations of residential mobility with narrow and broad schizophrenia and bipolar disorder across the course of childhood among 1.1 million individuals born in Denmark 1971-1991 and followed from age 15 through 2010. We assessed effect modification by sex, family history of mental disorder, the presence of siblings close in age, and distance moved.
RESULTS
In individual-year models adjusted for family history, urbanicity at birth, and parental age, mobility at all ages except the year of birth was associated with heightened risk of narrow and broad schizophrenia, and risk increased with age at moving and with the number of moves. Further adjustment for mobility at all ages 0-15 revealed associations mainly during the latter half of childhood, which were strongest during adolescence. Associations between mobility and bipolar disorder were fewer and weaker compared to schizophrenia. There was modest evidence of interaction with family history of psychiatric diagnosis, but little evidence for interaction by sex, the presence of closely-aged siblings, or distance moved. Schizophrenia associations did not appear attributable to increased mobility among adolescents with earlier onset.
CONCLUSIONS
Mobility may increase risk for psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Children may be especially vulnerable during adolescence. Future research should investigate the importance of school changes and the potential for interaction with genetic risk.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Population Dynamics; Registries; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult
PubMed: 24903417
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu074 -
Pediatric Obesity Feb 2020Children who frequently move have poorer behavioural, emotional, and overall health. For similar reasons, the experience of changing home may contextualize children's... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Children who frequently move have poorer behavioural, emotional, and overall health. For similar reasons, the experience of changing home may contextualize children's risk for obesity. Few studies have assessed the relationship between residential mobility and obesity; even fewer explore this relationship with assessment of obesity before school age.
METHODS
We analysed data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. Obesity at kindergarten age was determined from measured height and weight. Early childhood residential mobility was categorized as not moving or having moved once, twice, or three or more times. Analyses are weighted to be representative of children from the United States and variance estimates account for the complex survey design.
RESULTS
The prevalence of obesity at kindergarten age was 17.5%, and most children (71%) moved in early childhood. Compared with children who did not move, the adjusted odd ratios for obesity at kindergarten age were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57-0.92), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55-0.89), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.84) for children who experienced 1, 2, or 3+ moves.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that obesity and mobility in early life are associated, but not in the way we might expect. Residential mobility may fit into a broader picture of instability and, on its own, may not elevate a child's risk for obesity.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Pediatric Obesity; Population Dynamics; United States
PubMed: 31747140
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12576 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to contain the transmission of infectious diseases; however, people's intentions and behavior for vaccination vary...
AIM
Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to contain the transmission of infectious diseases; however, people's intentions and behavior for vaccination vary across different regions and countries around the world. It is not clear how socioecological factors such as residential mobility influence people's vaccination behaviors for infectious diseases.
METHODS
We analyzed public data on residential mobility and vaccination rates for COVID-19 and seasonal flu in the United States and explored how residential mobility in the previous year influenced vaccination rates for COVID-19 and seasonal flu (2011-2018) across 50 states of the US. The data were accessed and analyzed in 2021.
RESULTS
Study 1 demonstrated that collective-level residential mobility predicted COVID-19 vaccination rates across the United States ( = -168.162, 95% CI [-307.097, -29.227], adjusted = 0.091, = 0.019). Study 2 corroborated this finding by documenting that collective-level residential mobility predicted vaccination rates for seasonal flu from 2011 to 2018 across the United States ( = -0.789, 95% CI = [-1.018, -0.56], adjusted = 0.222, < 0.001). The link between residential mobility and vaccination behavior was robust after controlling relevant variables, including collectivism, cultural tightness-looseness, and sociodemographic variables.
CONCLUSIONS
Our research demonstrated that residential mobility is an important socioecological factor that influences people's vaccination behaviors for COVID-19 and seasonal flu. The results enrich our understanding of the socioecological factors that influence vaccination behaviors and have implications for developing tailored interventions to promote vaccination during pandemics of infectious diseases.
Topics: Humans; United States; COVID-19; Seasons; COVID-19 Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Vaccination; Population Dynamics; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 36777774
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1064962 -
Demography Apr 2018Understanding residential mobility in early childhood is important for contextualizing family, school, and neighborhood influences on child well-being. We examined the...
Understanding residential mobility in early childhood is important for contextualizing family, school, and neighborhood influences on child well-being. We examined the consequences of residential mobility for socioemotional and cognitive kindergarten readiness using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal survey that followed U.S. children born in 2001 from infancy to kindergarten. We described individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics associated with residential mobility for children aged 0-5. Our residential mobility indicators examined frequency of moves, nonlinearities in move frequency, quality of moves, comparisons between moving houses and moving neighborhoods, and heterogeneity in the consequences of residential mobility. Nearly three-quarters of children moved by kindergarten start. Mobility did not predict cognitive scores. More moves, particularly at relatively high frequencies, predicted lower kindergarten behavior scores. Moves from socioeconomically advantaged to disadvantaged neighborhoods were especially problematic, whereas moves within a ZIP code were not. The implications of moves were similar across socioeconomic status. The behavior findings largely support an instability perspective that highlights potential disruptions from frequent or problematic moves. Our study contributes to literature emphasizing the importance of contextualizing residential mobility. The high prevalence and distinct implications of early childhood moves support the need for further research.
Topics: Child Development; Child, Preschool; Female; Housing; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Population Dynamics; Residence Characteristics; Self-Control; Social Capital; Socioeconomic Factors; United States
PubMed: 29492798
DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0652-0 -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Jul 2020Residential mobility during upbringing, and especially adolescence, is associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes. However, whether associations are...
BACKGROUND
Residential mobility during upbringing, and especially adolescence, is associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes. However, whether associations are confounded by unmeasured familial factors, including genetic liability, is unclear.
AIMS
We used a population-based case-cohort study to assess whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression were associated with mobility from ages 10-14 years, and whether PRS and parental history of mental disorder together explained associations between mobility and each disorder.
METHOD
Information on cases (n = 4207 schizophrenia, n = 1402 bipolar disorder, n = 18 215 major depression) and a random population sample (n = 17 582), born 1981-1997, was linked between Danish civil and psychiatric registries. Genome-wide data were obtained from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank and PRSs were calculated based on results of separate, large meta-analyses.
RESULTS
PRSs for schizophrenia and major depression were weakly associated with moving once (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.16; and odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, respectively), but not twice or three or more times. Mobility was positively associated with each disorder, with more moves associated with greater risk. Adjustment for PRS produced slight reductions in the magnitude of associations. Adjustment for PRS and parental history of mental disorder together reduced estimates by 5-11%. In fully adjusted models mobility was associated with all three disorders; hazard ratios ranged from 1.33 (95% CI 1.08-1.62; one move and bipolar disorder) to 3.05 (95% CI 1.92-4.86; three or more moves and bipolar disorder).
CONCLUSIONS
Associations of mobility with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression do not appear to be attributable to genetic liability as measured here. Potential familial confounding of mobility associations may be predominantly environmental in nature.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Housing; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Odds Ratio; Parents; Population Dynamics; Schizophrenia; Young Adult
PubMed: 32024557
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.8 -
Journal of Nutrition Education and... Feb 2022To estimate associations of residential mobility with body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and diet and whether associations differ across demographics.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate associations of residential mobility with body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and diet and whether associations differ across demographics.
DESIGN
Longitudinal cohort with 4 waves of survey follow-up over 15 years.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
A total of 2,110 adolescents and young adults originally from the Twin Cities of Minnesota responded to at least 2 waves of follow-up, beginning at ages 15 to 23 years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Self-reported BMI, physical activity, fast food consumption, breakfast frequency, sugary drink consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and screen time.
ANALYSIS
Each outcome was modeled as a continuous variable using hierarchical linear regression. Residential mobility-change in residential address-was the main effect of interest. Models adjusted for demographics, marriage during follow-up, and previous level of the outcome. Inverse propensity weights accounted for loss to follow up.
RESULTS
No weight-related outcomes differed between movers and nonmovers in the whole sample. When examining effect modification by age, as participants aged, moving was increasingly associated with improvements in weight-related outcomes, particularly BMI.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Results suggest that moving may be associated with poorer weight-related outcomes during a brief window from late teens and early-20s and less associated with weight-related outcomes in the mid-20s and 30s.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Diet; Health Behavior; Humans; Population Dynamics; Young Adult
PubMed: 35148869
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.08.018