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Proceedings of the National Academy of... Mar 2017The residential mobility patterns of modern hunter-gatherers broadly reflect local resource availability, but the proximate ecological and social forces that determine...
The residential mobility patterns of modern hunter-gatherers broadly reflect local resource availability, but the proximate ecological and social forces that determine the timing of camp movements are poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that the timing of such moves maximizes foraging efficiency as hunter-gatherers move across the landscape. The marginal value theorem predicts when a group should depart a camp and its associated foraging area and move to another based on declining marginal return rates. This influential model has yet to be directly applied in a population of hunter-gatherers, primarily because the shape of gain curves (cumulative resource acquisition through time) and travel times between patches have been difficult to estimate in ethnographic settings. We tested the predictions of the marginal value theorem in the context of hunter-gatherer residential mobility using historical foraging data from nomadic, socially egalitarian Batek hunter-gatherers ( = 93 d across 11 residential camps) living in the tropical rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia. We characterized the gain functions for all resources acquired by the Batek at daily timescales and examined how patterns of individual foraging related to the emergent property of residential movements. Patterns of camp residence times conformed well with the predictions of the marginal value theorem, indicating that communal perceptions of resource depletion are closely linked to collective movement decisions. Despite (and perhaps because of) a protracted process of deliberation and argument about when to depart camps, Batek residential mobility seems to maximize group-level foraging efficiency.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Human Activities; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Population Dynamics; Rainforest
PubMed: 28265058
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617542114 -
Environmental Research Jun 2019Studies of environmental exposures and childhood cancers that rely on records often only use maternal address at birth or address at cancer diagnosis to assess exposures...
Studies of environmental exposures and childhood cancers that rely on records often only use maternal address at birth or address at cancer diagnosis to assess exposures in early childhood, possibly leading to exposure misclassification and questionable validity due to residential mobility during early childhood. Our objective was to assess patterns and identify factors that may predict residential mobility in early childhood, and examine the impact of mobility on early childhood exposure assessment for agriculturally applied pesticides and childhood cancers in California. We obtained the addresses at diagnosis of all childhood cancer cases born in 1998-2011 and diagnosed at 0-5 years of age (n = 6478) from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), and their birth addresses from linked birth certificates. Controls were randomly selected from California birth records and frequency matched (20:1) to all cases by year of birth. We obtained residential histories from a public-record database LexisNexis for both case (n = 3877 with age at diagnosis 1-5 years) and control (n = 99,262) families. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the socio-demographic factors in relation to residential mobility in early childhood. We employed a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based system to estimate children's first year of life exposures to agriculturally applied pesticides based on birth vs diagnosis address or residential histories based upon Lexis-Nexis Public Records and assessed agreement between exposure measures using Spearman correlations and kappa statistics. Over 20% of case and control children moved in their first year of life, and 55% of children with cancer moved between birth and diagnosis. Older age at diagnosis, younger maternal age, lower maternal education, not having a Hispanic ethnic background, use of public health insurance, and non-metropolitan residence at birth were predictors of higher residential mobility. There was moderate to strong correlation (Spearman correlation = 0.76-0.83) and good agreement (kappa = 0.75-0.81) between the first year of life exposure estimates for agricultural pesticides applied within 2 km of a residence relying on an address at birth or at diagnosis or LexisNexis addresses; this did not differ by outcome status, but agreement decreased with decreasing buffer size, and increasing distance moved or age at diagnosis. These findings suggest that residential addresses collected at one point in time may represent residential history in early childhood to a reasonable extent; nevertheless, they exposure misclassification in the first year of life remains an issue. Also, the highest proportion of women not captured by LexisNexis were Hispanic women born in Mexico and those living in the lowest SES neighborhoods, i.e. possibly those with the higher environmental exposures, as well as younger women and those with less than high school education. Though LexisNexis only captures a sub-population, its data may be useful for augmenting address information and assessing the extent of exposure misclassification when estimating environmental exposures in large record linkage studies. Future research should investigate how to correct for exposure misclassification introduced by residential mobility that is not being captured by records.
Topics: Adult; Aged; California; Child; Child, Preschool; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mexico; Pesticides; Population Dynamics; Pregnancy; Young Adult
PubMed: 30928851
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.039 -
Annals of Epidemiology Apr 2023To examine the association of residential mobility, as a proxy for environmental influences, with childhood inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk.
PURPOSE
To examine the association of residential mobility, as a proxy for environmental influences, with childhood inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk.
METHODS
Using nationwide register-based dataset, all 2038 IBD cases in Finland diagnosed at ages less than 15 years in 1992-2016 were individually matched by sex and age with five controls employing risk set sampling. Complete residential histories of the subjects were constructed from birth until the index date (diagnosis date of the case). Movement patterns were assessed by age, distance, and demographics of the departure and destination municipalities. Conditional logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between movements and IBD risk.
RESULTS
Overall, residential movement was associated with a slightly decreased odds ratio (OR) for childhood IBD (OR 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-1.00 for each movement). Further examination showed reduced ORs for moving to rural municipalities (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98) and to distances less than 50 km (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99). In disease subtype analyses, the effect mainly persisted in ulcerative colitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest lower childhood IBD risk associated with residential mobility. The effect was found in ulcerative colitis, but not in Crohn's disease. Movements to nearby and rural areas may reduce IBD risk, though this requires further investigation.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Colitis, Ulcerative; Case-Control Studies; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Crohn Disease; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 36764587
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.02.003 -
International Journal of Infectious... Mar 2021As an outcome of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the countrywide lockdown and unlock periods altered residential mobility trends in India. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND
As an outcome of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the countrywide lockdown and unlock periods altered residential mobility trends in India. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and unlock periods on residential mobility trends, using the spatial time-series daily changes across the different states and union territories of India.
DATA AND METHODS
This study was based on time-series data of the daily percentage change in residential mobility from baseline in India. Conditional formatting techniques, box plotting, time-series trends plotting methods, and spatial kriging interpolation mapping techniques were employed to show residential mobility trends.
RESULTS
Increases in residential mobility of approximately 31.5%, 30.8%, 26.2%, 23%, 17.6%, and 18.2% from the pre-lockdown period were observed during lockdown phase 1, phase 2, phase 3, and phase 4, unlock 1.0, and unlock 2.0, respectively, in India. This was due to people moving towards home or their place of residence during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. From the time lockdown was initiated up until July 31, 2020, residential mobility increased the least in the north-eastern states of India and also the eastern and extreme northern states of India.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study could be used in public health strategies towards decreasing the spread of COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; India; Pandemics; Population Dynamics; Public Health; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33253865
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.187 -
Addictive Behaviors Mar 2019Young adulthood, typically conceptualized as stretching from the late teens to the mid-twenties, is a period of elevated risk for residential mobility (i.e., moving or... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Young adulthood, typically conceptualized as stretching from the late teens to the mid-twenties, is a period of elevated risk for residential mobility (i.e., moving or changing residences frequently) and drug involvement. However, our understanding of the trends and drug-related correlates of residential mobility among young adults remains limited.
METHODS
We analyzed national trend data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2003-2016) on residential mobility and drug involvement among young adults (N = 230,790) in the United States. For tests of trend, we conducted logistic regression analyses with survey year specified as a continuous independent variable and residential mobility as the dependent variable (no/yes), controlling for sociodemographic factors.
RESULTS
The prevalence of residential mobility was stable among females, but decreased significantly-a 20% reduction in the relative proportion of respondents-among males during the study period (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Male and female young adults reporting residential mobility were significantly more likely to report involvement in all drug-related outcomes examined, but effects were larger among females for drug selling and drug-related arrests.
DISCUSSION
Study findings show that a substantial minority of young adults experience residential mobility and that, while rates are declining among young men, the experience of mobility is connected with risk for drug involvement, particularly among females. Mobility may be an important target for drug prevention/intervention efforts, but further research is needed to provide insight into how mobility and drug involvement are connected in the lives of young adults.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Population Dynamics; Residence Characteristics; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 30396097
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.045 -
Health & Place Mar 2022Current efforts to characterize movers and identify predictors of moving have been limited. We used the ARIC cohort to characterize non-movers, short-distance movers,...
Current efforts to characterize movers and identify predictors of moving have been limited. We used the ARIC cohort to characterize non-movers, short-distance movers, and long-distance movers, and employed best subset algorithms to identify important predictors of moving, including interactions between characteristics. Short- and long-distance movers were notably different from non-movers, and important predictors of moving differed based on the distance of the residential move. Importantly, systematic inclusion of interaction terms enhanced model fit and was substantively meaningful. This work has important implications for epidemiologic studies of contextual exposures and those treating residential mobility as an exposure.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Humans; Population Dynamics; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 35247797
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102771 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Dec 2021There is no prior study of the effect of mobility-limiting measures on the occurrence of COVID-19 in Iraq.
BACKGROUND
There is no prior study of the effect of mobility-limiting measures on the occurrence of COVID-19 in Iraq.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between publicly available mobility index data and the growth ratio (GR) of COVID-19.
METHOD
We used Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports to extract Iraq's mobility data and the official Ministry of Health COVID-19 statements. We used the data to calculate the Pearson's correlation coefficient and fit a linear regression model to determine the relationship between percentage change from the baseline in the mobility indices and the GR of COVID-19 in Iraq.
RESULTS
There was a moderate positive correlation between each of the mobility indices except the residential index and COVID-19 GR in Iraq. The general linear model indicated that as each of the mobility indices increases by one unit, the GR of COVID19 increases by 0.002-0.003 except for the residential index. As the residential mobility index increases by one unit, the GR decreases by 0.009. All the findings were statistically significant (P-value < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Mobility-limiting measures may be able to reduce the growth rate of COVID-19 moderately. Accordingly, mobility-limiting measures should be combined with other public control measures particularly mass mask use.
Topics: COVID-19; Correlation of Data; Humans; Iraq; Population Dynamics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34580733
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab332 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis May 2019In 2007 more than 50% of the world's population were living in metropolitan cities, which was the first time in history that the urban population level had risen above...
In 2007 more than 50% of the world's population were living in metropolitan cities, which was the first time in history that the urban population level had risen above 50%.The urban population have grown ever since and will continue to do so according WHO estimates. By 2030it has been estimated that 6 people out of 10 will live in urban agglomerates and an estimate of 70% of the inhabitants will be living in urban environments by 2050. ...
Topics: Female; Forecasting; Global Health; Humans; Male; Population Dynamics; Public Health; Urban Population; Urbanization; World Health Organization
PubMed: 31124992
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i2.8354 -
PloS One 2019American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth are more likely to ever have had sex, and to have engaged in sexual activity prior to age 13 compared to all other race...
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth are more likely to ever have had sex, and to have engaged in sexual activity prior to age 13 compared to all other race groups. It is essential to understand the development of skills to refuse sexual experience in early adolescence in order to reduce disparities associated with early sexual debut among AI/AN youth. Familial, social, and individual factors can act as protective influences on adolescent sexual experience; however, in other settings, research has shown that frequent residential mobility disrupts these protective influences and may increase the likelihood of adolescent sexual activity. AI/AN youth are highly mobile, and, as a result, may be especially vulnerable to increased sexual risk. To date, no prior study has considered the impact of residential mobility on AI/AN youth sexual experience, nor the influence on precursors that reduce initiation of sex. We used data from a longitudinal study of AI/AN youth attending all middle schools from a Northern Plains reservation from 2006-2009 to estimate a structural equation model based on a cultural and age adapted theoretical framework. The tested model included frequent residential mobility as the independent variable and sex refusal self-efficacy as the dependent variable. Mediating variables included factors related to individual risks, psychological well-being, and social supports. Results indicate a direct association between residential mobility and sex refusal self-efficacy (-.29, p = 0.05) and an indirect association mediated by deviant peers (-.08, p = .05). Other mediating variables did not provide insight on the mechanism by which residential mobility influences skills to refuse sexual intercourse among AI/AN youth in early adolescence. Findings provide evidence for an association between residential mobility and precursors to sexual experience suggesting augmenting sexual health interventions for highly mobile youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Alaska Natives; Female; Health Risk Behaviors; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; Peer Group; Population Dynamics; Self Efficacy; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 31206559
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218445 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2015Childhood adversity is gaining increasing attention as a plausible etiological factor in the development of psychotic disorders. Childhood residential mobility is a...
INTRODUCTION
Childhood adversity is gaining increasing attention as a plausible etiological factor in the development of psychotic disorders. Childhood residential mobility is a potential risk factor that has received little attention in this context.
METHODS
We used registry data to estimate associations of residential mobility with narrow and broad schizophrenia and bipolar disorder across the course of childhood among 1.1 million individuals born in Denmark 1971-1991 and followed from age 15 through 2010. We assessed effect modification by sex, family history of mental disorder, the presence of siblings close in age, and distance moved.
RESULTS
In individual-year models adjusted for family history, urbanicity at birth, and parental age, mobility at all ages except the year of birth was associated with heightened risk of narrow and broad schizophrenia, and risk increased with age at moving and with the number of moves. Further adjustment for mobility at all ages 0-15 revealed associations mainly during the latter half of childhood, which were strongest during adolescence. Associations between mobility and bipolar disorder were fewer and weaker compared to schizophrenia. There was modest evidence of interaction with family history of psychiatric diagnosis, but little evidence for interaction by sex, the presence of closely-aged siblings, or distance moved. Schizophrenia associations did not appear attributable to increased mobility among adolescents with earlier onset.
CONCLUSIONS
Mobility may increase risk for psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Children may be especially vulnerable during adolescence. Future research should investigate the importance of school changes and the potential for interaction with genetic risk.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Denmark; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Population Dynamics; Registries; Risk; Schizophrenia; Young Adult
PubMed: 24903417
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu074