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American Family Physician Oct 2017Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses that occurs in 1% to 5% of the U.S. (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses that occurs in 1% to 5% of the U.S.
POPULATION
It may significantly decrease quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis is defined by the presence of at least two out of four cardinal symptoms (i.e., facial pain/pressure, hyposmia/anosmia, nasal drainage, and nasal obstruction) for at least 12 consecutive weeks, in addition to objective evidence. Objective evidence of chronic rhinosinusitis may be obtained on physical examination (anterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy) or radiography, preferably from sinus computed tomography. Treatment is directed at enhancing mucociliary clearance, improving sinus drainage/outflow, eradicating local infection and inflammation, and improving access for topical medications. First-line treatment is nasal saline irrigation and intranasal corticosteroid sprays. There may be a role for antibiotics in patients with evidence of an active, superimposed acute sinus infection. If medical management fails, endoscopic sinus surgery may be effective. Patients not responding to first-line medical therapy should be referred to an otolaryngologist, and selected patients with a history suggestive of other comorbidities (e.g., vasculitides, granulomatous diseases, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency) may also benefit from referral to an allergist or pulmonologist.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Nasal Sprays; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Sodium Chloride; Therapeutic Irrigation; United States
PubMed: 29094889
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Research May 2021Intranasal corticosteroids are the most efficacious anti-inflammatory medications for allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the efficacy and safety of intranasal... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Intranasal corticosteroids are the most efficacious anti-inflammatory medications for allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the efficacy and safety of intranasal corticosteroids in children have not yet been subject to specific research in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate nasal spray (FFNS) in a Chinese pediatric population.
METHODS
In this phase 4 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, pediatric AR patients aged 2-12 years were randomized 1:1:1, receiving either FFNS 55 µg or 110 µg or placebo. Electronic diary cards were completed to record symptoms, rescue medication use, and treatment compliance. Anterior rhinoscopy and overall response to therapy were evaluated and recorded.
RESULTS
Patients treated with FFNS at either dose experienced a significantly greater reduction in daily reflective total nasal symptom score compared with placebo. This was maintained in a younger subset of patients (2-6 years). Drug-related adverse events occurred in <20% of patients in all groups. FFNS was well tolerated at both doses.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety profiles for FFNS 55 µg or 110 µg in Chinese pediatric populations (2-12 years), supporting its use in clinical treatment for AR children, including younger children aged 2-6 years.
IMPACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intranasal fluticasone furoate in Chinese pediatric allergic rhinitis. This research not only addresses the deficiency in efficacy and safety data for intranasal corticosteroids in very young patients (aged 2-6 years) worldwide but also demonstrates that fluticasone furoate nasal spray shows a favorable benefit/risk profile at different dose levels. Our data will be of interest to the broad readership of Pediatric Research and will positively contribute to the dialog regarding the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children aged 2-6 years.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Androstadienes; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Placebos; Rhinitis, Allergic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33007780
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01180-0 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... Dec 2018Aspergillosis, which is saprophytic in nature, is known to cause massive destruction of paranasal sinuses in immunocompromised hosts, but in immunocompetent individuals... (Review)
Review
Aspergillosis, which is saprophytic in nature, is known to cause massive destruction of paranasal sinuses in immunocompromised hosts, but in immunocompetent individuals invasive aspergillosis is rare. Diagnosis is posed from history, physical examination including anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, radiological findings (CT and/or MRI), fungus cultures and histopathological examination. Non-specific presenting symptoms provide time for infection to extent from sinuses to vital surroundings such as bony, vascular and central nervous system structures, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Mass lesions involving the sinuses are initially misdiagnosed as tumors, inflammatory pseudotumors or pituitary adenomas. Therefore, diagnosis should be always confirmed by histopathology. Aspergillus sinusitis is a potentially fatal complication of immunosupression or of chemotherapy-induced leucopenia. Concerning patients with hematologic malignancies, it seems that its incidence is progressively increased. A combination of early diagnosis and application of specific antifungals provides the perfect management and prognosis in the corresponding patients. In the current special review, we present new data regarding the infection in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Incidence
PubMed: 30722105
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Clinica Croatica Feb 2022Otitis media with effusion (OME) is amongst the most common pediatric diseases and the most common cause of hearing loss in children. It is accepted that adenoid... (Review)
Review
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is amongst the most common pediatric diseases and the most common cause of hearing loss in children. It is accepted that adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is related to OME incidence. Better understanding of the correlation between the relative size of AH and the incidence of persistent OME may provide evidence to support a more standardized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of OME. A retrospective study carried out between April 2016 and April 2018 collected data on 65 children aged 2-12 years, diagnosed with chronic OME and symptoms of AH, where conservative therapy failed. Pre-diagnostic data were collected from patient history, otoscopy, rhinoscopy, and oropharyngoscopy findings. Diagnostic workup included tympanometry, audiometry, and flexible nasal fiberoptic endoscopy. Adenoid grading was performed according to Cassano method after endoscopic visualization. Of the 65 patients, 37 were male and 28 were female. There was no statistically significant difference according to gender or average age. The highest incidence of persistent OME with AH was recorded in the youngest age groups (2-5 and 6-9 years). The most frequent AH grades were grade II (35.38%) and grade III (50.77%), yielding a statistically significant result. The most common presenting symptoms were hearing impairment, snoring, and nasal obstruction (100%, 64.62% and 60%, respectively). Higher AH grades are critical for persistence of OME and may cause conservative therapy failure.
Topics: Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35282481
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.03.25 -
Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtisas Dergisi : KBB... 2008This study evaluated endoscopic adenoidectomy operations performed in children for hypertrophic adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated endoscopic adenoidectomy operations performed in children for hypertrophic adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 125 patients (67 boys, 58 girls; mean age 4.8+/-2.4 years; range 2 to 15 years) underwent endoscopic adenoidectomy under general anesthesia for one or more of the following complaints: nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, loss of appetite, slower development than peers, and decreased hearing. Preoperatively, 48 patients were eligible for endoscopic rhinoscopy, which showed an adenoid mass causing total or almost total obstruction of the nasal passage. In the remaining patients, lateral cranial radiographs showed a mass narrowing the air passage in the nasopharynx. Postoperative controls were carried out at one and four weeks by physical examination and an inquiry into the patients' satisfaction. In addition, endoscopic rhinoscopy was performed in the fourth week in eligible patients. Final controls were carried out at the end of the second year.
RESULTS
At the end four weeks, none of the patients had nasal obstruction or related complaints. Postoperative endoscopic rhinoscopy performed in 39 patients showed almost complete removal of adenoid tissues. None of the patients exhibited recurrent adenoid hypertrophy at the end of two years.
CONCLUSION
Hypertrophic adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx, especially those encroaching on the nasal cavity, can be removed completely under direct endoscopic visualization. Endoscopic adenoidectomy is a more satisfactory method than conventional adenoidectomy, because it allows control of how much adenoid tissue is removed.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Nasal Obstruction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18628638
DOI: No ID Found -
The Hospital May 1893
PubMed: 29833304
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Oct 2022The case report presented is a 22-year-old female with an undiagnosed nasal foreign body (NFB) in her right nasal cavity for 18 years. Previous physical examination and...
The case report presented is a 22-year-old female with an undiagnosed nasal foreign body (NFB) in her right nasal cavity for 18 years. Previous physical examination and anterior rhinoscopy by other health care specialists failed to detect the NFB. She was treated conservatively by many ENT specialists as sinusitis with antibiotics therapy and anti-allergy drugs for many years with no improvement. Due to persistent sinus symptoms unrelieved by conservative treatment further investigation with a paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan was completed that identified the NFB. The NFB was successfully removed surgically with the aid of nasal endoscopy under general anesthesia. The NFB was diagnosed as a piece of calcified externally cotton vegetation. This case highlighted the importance of complete investigation of persistent symptoms including imaging with a non-contrast spiral CT, in addition to a dilated physical examination, clinical and pathologic lab exam.
PubMed: 36452771
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02319-5 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Aug 2022Allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) belong to field of vasomotor rhinitis, characterized by nasal hyper-reactivity. Since AR and NAR are two separate...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) belong to field of vasomotor rhinitis, characterized by nasal hyper-reactivity. Since AR and NAR are two separate nosological entities, these rhinopaties can coexist in the same patient in up to 15-20% of cases. Overlapped rhinitis (ORs) are associated with intense and persistent symptoms and are often misdiagnosed. Typically, when medical treatment fails, patients undergo turbinate surgery. We evaluated which rhinopaties are most at risk of undergoing turbinate surgery and established the percentage of ORs. Methods: The study included 120 patients undergoing turbinate surgery for turbinate hypertrophy. Anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, nasal cytology, skin prick tests (SPT) and/or specific IgE serum assays (CAP-RAST) were performed preoperative on all patients.
RESULTS
Among patients with indication for turbinate surgery, 75% suffered from AR, whereas 25% of them had NAR. On closer analysis, only 7 (8%) of allergic patients presented a "pure" allergy. NAR with eosinophils and mast cells (NARESMA) represented the most common type of superimposed rhinitis (62.5%), while NAR with mast cells (NARMA) and with eosinophils (NARES) represented 25% and 12.5% of the superimposed forms, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Most of the patients undergoing turbinate surgery actually have complex forms of rhinitis. The non-allergic component of ORs often causes therapeutic failure. NARESMAs overlapping ARs are at most risk of undergoing turbinate surgery. Correctly framing a rhino-allergological patient is essential in order to guarantee the most adequate treatment. Hence the importance of introducing in clinical practice investigations, including allergy tests and nasal cytology.
Topics: Eosinophils; Humans; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Skin Tests; Turbinates
PubMed: 36043980
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i4.12200 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024The objective of this work was to study the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of the three species of big cats (leopard, lion, and cheetah) compared to the domestic cat...
An Anatomical Study Using Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Rhinoscopy of the Nasal Cavity of Domestic Cat ( L.) and Big Cats: Lion ( L.), Leopard ( L.), and Cheetah ( S.).
The objective of this work was to study the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of the three species of big cats (leopard, lion, and cheetah) compared to the domestic cat through the use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rhinoscopy. Computed tomography allowed us to clearly visualize the entire bony and cartilaginous framework that supports the nasal cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging permitted better visualization of the soft tissues of this cavity. On the other hand, rhinoscopy enabled the direct visualization of the mucosa of the vestibule and nasal cavity, which is very useful in the diagnosis of masses or foreign bodies. Furthermore, with this technique, it has been possible to observe several small orifices from the nasolacrimal duct, the pharyngeal auditory tube, and the lateral nasal gland. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and rhinoscopy are useful tools in analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the nasal cavity in these species.
PubMed: 38672320
DOI: 10.3390/ani14081172 -
Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Jun 2017Turbinate hypertrophy is one of the common causes of chronic nasal obstruction. In principle, therapeutic guidelines recommend medical treatment. Failure to treat...
BACKGROUND
Turbinate hypertrophy is one of the common causes of chronic nasal obstruction. In principle, therapeutic guidelines recommend medical treatment. Failure to treat turbinate thickening despite drug therapy may indicate the need for surgery. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of radiofrequency surgery, among various other surgical procedures, on people with both nasal septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy.
METHODS
Among people with nasal deviation who visited the subject hospital between July 2008 to July 2014, 21 people with nasal septal deviation and severe turbinate hypertrophy before their surgery had undergone septoplasty with turbinoplasty using radiofrequency combined with septoplasty. The degree of the turbinate's hypertrophy was appraised in all the patients before and after the surgery using the rhinoscopy, and acoustic rhinometry was objectively carried out. The subjective effect of the turbinoplasty using radiofrequency was explored through the visual analog scale (VAS) score.
RESULTS
The degree of contraction of the nasal mucosa after the rhinoscopy changed from Grades 3 and 4 (100%) to Grades 1 and 2 (95.2%) and Grades 3 (4.8%). The minimal cross-sectional area significantly increased from 0.44±0.07 to 0.70±0.07 cm (<0.05). The nasal cavity volume increased from 4.79±0.49 to 6.76±0.55 cm (<0.05). The subjective symptoms evaluated with VAS score a year after the surgery significantly improved (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Turbinoplasty using Coblator with septoplasty is an effective treatment method because it expands nasal cavity, has a low incidence of complications, subjectively improves symptoms, and has short treatment duration.
PubMed: 28913312
DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2017.18.2.82