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Food Chemistry: X Jun 2023Traditional produced around Winter Solstice has higher quality and a more harmonious aroma. To investigate the variations of volatile metabolites and microbial...
Dynamic analysis of volatile metabolites and microbial community and their correlations during the fermentation process of traditional (Chinese rice wine) produced around Winter Solstice.
Traditional produced around Winter Solstice has higher quality and a more harmonious aroma. To investigate the variations of volatile metabolites and microbial communities during fermentation, gas chromatography-ion migration chromatography (GC-IMS), gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and highthroughput sequencing were employed. Aroma compounds results showed that alcohols and phenols increased before 45 days of fermentation and then decreased after 45 days, while esters gradually increased. Fungal genera , , and were dominant, whereas , and were the dominant bacterial genera in the late stage. In addition, 11 genera such as , and (|r| > 0.6, < 0.05) may contributed to traditional ecosystem stability. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated the dominant microorganisms (, , , and ) were positively correlated with key compounds. These results provided theoretical guidance for further study on the flavor regulation of traditional via microbial community level and microbial augmentation.
PubMed: 36993869
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100620 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2018Bioconjugates established between anionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based polymers and cationic proteins have proven to be a promising strategy to engineer thermostable...
Bioconjugates established between anionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based polymers and cationic proteins have proven to be a promising strategy to engineer thermostable biocatalysts. However, the enzyme activity of these bioconjugates is very low and the mechanism of non-covalent PEG-stabilization is yet to be understood. This work presents experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies, using lipase-polymer surfactant nanoconjugates from mesophile Rhizomucor miehei (RML), performed to evaluate the effect of PEG on enzyme stability and activity. Results demonstrated that the number of hydrogen bonds between the cationized RML and PEG chain correlates with enzyme thermostability. In addition, an increase of both the number of PEG-polymers units and cationization degree of the enzyme leads to a decrease of enzyme activity. Modelling with SAXS data of aqueous solutions of the biofluid lipases agrees with previous hypothesis that these enzymes contain a core constituted of folded protein confined by a shell of surfactants. Together results provide valuable insight into the mechanism of non-covalent PEG mediated protein stabilization relevant for engineering active and thermostable biofluids. Furthermore, the first biofluids RML with activity comparable to their cationized counterpart are presented.
Topics: Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Hydrogen Bonding; Lipase; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Structure; Polyethylene Glycols; Rhizomucor; Scattering, Small Angle; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Surface-Active Agents; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 30115948
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29871-z -
Heliyon Jun 2023The thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives have been recognized as antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Regarding these prospective, this...
Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity of thiosemicarbazones derivatives and their computational approaches: Quantum calculation, molecular docking, molecular dynamic, ADMET, QSAR.
The thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives have been recognized as antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Regarding these prospective, this study was designed to address the new antimicrobial agents from thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by multi-step synthesis methods, such as alkylation, acidification, esterification, and formed the 4-(4'-alkoxybenzoyloxy) thiosemicarbazones and its derivatives THS1, THS2, THS3, THS4, and THS5). Afterward the synthesis, compounds were characterized by H NMR, FTIR spectra, and melting point. Later, the computational tools were applied to evaluate the drug likeness properties, bioavailability score, Lipinski rule, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Secondly, the quantum calculations, for instance HOMO, LUMO and chemical descriptors, were calculated by the density functional theory (DFT). Finally, the molecular docking was performed against seven human pathogenic bacteria, black fungus (Rhizomucor mieh, Mucor lusitanicus, Mycolicibacterium smegmatis) and white fungus strains (Candida Auris, Aspergillus luchuensis, Candida albicans). To check and validate of molecular docking procedure and stability of docked complex for ligand and protein, the molecular dynamic was performed of docked complex. From the docking score with calculating the binding affinity, these derivatives could show a higher affinity than standard drug against all pathogens. From the computational details, it could be decided to do test as antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aurious, Staphylococcus homonis, , and Shigella flexneria. The obtained result of antibacterial activity compared to standard drugs, and it was found that the synthesized compounds were almost same value of standard drug. Finally, it could be said from the and study that the thiosemicarbazones derivatives are good antimicrobial agents.
PubMed: 37292281
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16222 -
BMJ Case Reports Oct 2017A 61-year-old man with relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, status post allogeneic stem cell transplant and multiple chemotherapy regimens presented to the emergency...
A 61-year-old man with relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, status post allogeneic stem cell transplant and multiple chemotherapy regimens presented to the emergency room after suffering a grand mal seizure. His evaluation revealed a 1.5-2 cm ring-enhancing left temporal lobe brain lesion on the CT scan. This brain lesion was resected and the histopathology revealed an invasive fungal organism resembling mucormycosis. Amplification and sequencing of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene identified the organism as The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/kg every 24 hours for 4 weeks, and then was transitioned to oral posaconazole. Serial brain imaging at 1 and 3 months, while on therapy, showed significant improvement.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Brain Abscess; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Mucormycosis; Rhizomucor; Seizures; Stem Cell Transplantation; Temporal Lobe; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28978601
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221473 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 1989A 2-h indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using homogenate antigens of Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizomucor pusillus was developed and compared with the...
A 2-h indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using homogenate antigens of Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizomucor pusillus was developed and compared with the existing immunodiffusion (ID) test for zygomycosis, using homogenate antigens of R. arrhizus. Utilizing 1:400 as a minimally positive ELISA titer, 33 of 43 proven cases of zygomycosis were diagnosed. The sensitivity of the ELISA was 81%. The ID test, in contrast, detected only 21 cases and demonstrated a sensitivity of 66%. The specificity of the ELISA was 94%, whereas that of the ID test was 91%. Nonspecific ELISA reactivity was particularly evident with sera from patients with aspergillosis and candidiasis. With the antigens now available, the ELISA was unable to generically or specifically identify the etiologic agents.
Topics: Antibodies, Fungal; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Mucorales; Mucormycosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Rhizopus
PubMed: 2674194
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.9.1979-1982.1989 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Isavuconazole is the only US FDA-approved antifungal for treating invasive mucormycosis. We evaluated isavuconazole activity against a global collection of Mucorales...
Isavuconazole is the only US FDA-approved antifungal for treating invasive mucormycosis. We evaluated isavuconazole activity against a global collection of Mucorales isolates. Fifty-two isolates were collected during 2017-2020 from hospitals located in the USA, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or DNA sequencing and susceptibility tested by the broth microdilution method following CLSI guidelines. Isavuconazole (MIC, 2/>8 mg/L) inhibited 59.6% and 71.2% of all Mucorales isolates at ≤2 mg/L and ≤4 mg/L, respectively. Among comparators, amphotericin B (MIC, 0.5/1 mg/L) displayed the highest activity, followed by posaconazole (MIC, 0.5/8 mg/L). Voriconazole (MIC, >8/>8 mg/L) and the echinocandins (MIC, >4/>4 mg/L) had limited activity against Mucorales isolates. Isavuconazole activity varied by species and this agent inhibited at ≤4 mg/L 85.2%, 72.7%, and 25% of spp. ( = 27; MIC, 1/>8 mg/L), spp. ( = 11; MIC, 4/8 mg/L), and spp. ( = 8; MIC, >8 mg/L) isolates, respectively. Posaconazole MIC values against , , and species were 0.5/8 mg/L, 0.5/1 mg/L, and 2/- mg/L, respectively; amphotericin B MIC values were 1/1 mg/L, 0.5/1 mg/L, and 0.5/- mg/L, respectively. As susceptibility profiles varied among Mucorales genera, species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing are advised whenever possible to manage and monitor mucormycosis.
PubMed: 36836355
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020241 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2016Two different heterofunctional octyl-amino supports have been prepared using ethylenediamine and hexylendiamine (OCEDA and OCHDA) and utilized to immobilize five lipases...
Two different heterofunctional octyl-amino supports have been prepared using ethylenediamine and hexylendiamine (OCEDA and OCHDA) and utilized to immobilize five lipases (lipases A (CALA) and B (CALB) from Candida antarctica, lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and from Candida rugosa (CRL) and the phospholipase Lecitase Ultra (LU). Using pH 5 and 50 mM sodium acetate, the immobilizations proceeded via interfacial activation on the octyl layer, after some ionic bridges were established. These supports did not release enzyme when incubated at Triton X-100 concentrations that released all enzyme molecules from the octyl support. The octyl support produced significant enzyme hyperactivation, except for CALB. However, the activities of the immobilized enzymes were usually slightly higher using the new supports than the octyl ones. Thermal and solvent stabilities of LU and TLL were significantly improved compared to the OC counterparts, while in the other enzymes the stability decreased in most cases (depending on the pH value). As a general rule, OCEDA had lower negative effects on the stability of the immobilized enzymes than OCHDA and while in solvent inactivation the enzyme molecules remained attached to the support using the new supports and were released using monofunctional octyl supports, in thermal inactivations this only occurred in certain cases.
Topics: Candida; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Ethylenediamines; Fungal Proteins; Lipase; Phospholipases; Rhizomucor; Sepharose; Solvents; Temperature
PubMed: 27196882
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050646 -
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Oct 2013Zygomycosis is a rapidly-progressive invasive fungal disease with high mortality rates. Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor and Absidia species classified in Mucorales order,...
Zygomycosis is a rapidly-progressive invasive fungal disease with high mortality rates. Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor and Absidia species classified in Mucorales order, are the main causative agents of zygomycosis. Uncontrolled diabetes, hematologic malignancies, long term corticosteroid use and immunosuppressive therapies are the main predisposing factors for mucormycosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mucormycosis cases from Turkey published in national and international databases in the last 17 years by means of age, gender, co-morbidities, signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods, therapeutic modalities, and mortality rate by pooling analysis. In our study, two national (http://uvt.ulakbim.gov.tr, http://www.turkmedline.net) and two international (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, http://apps.webofknowledge.com) databases were used. A total of 64 manuscript (34 from national and 30 from international databases) published between 1995 and 2012, which were eligible for the study criteria and accessible as full text were included in the study. A total of 151 mucormycosis patients (71 female, 80 male; mean age: 45.4 ± 21.4 years) from these studies, with definitive diagnosis of invasive fungal infections according to the criteria of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) have been evaluated. Of 151 patients 91 (60%) were diagnosed as rhinocerebral, 42 (%27.8) were sinoorbital, 7 (4.6%) were pulmonary, 6 (3.9%) were disseminated, 3 (1.9%) were skin, and 2 (1.3%) were gastrointestinal mycormycosis. The most common symptoms and signs were; swelling of eye and face (n= 95, 63%), fever (n= 72, 48%), nasal obstruction (n= 60, 40%), headache (n= 58, 38%) and opthtalmoplegia (n= 48, 32%). The most common co-morbidity was diabetes (49%) followed by hematological malignancies (39.7%). Mycological cultures were performed for 82 patients, and fungal growth were detected in the clinical specimens of 51 cases. The distribution of strains isolated in culture were as follows: Mucor spp. (n= 19, 37.2%), Rhizopus spp. (n= 13, 25.5%), Zygomycetes (n= 9, 17.6%), Rhizopus oryzae (n= 4, 7.8%), Rhizopus spp. + yeast (n= 3, 5.9%), Rhizomucor spp. (n= 2, 3.9%) and Rhizosporium spp. (n= 1, 1.9%). In 133 patients, histopathological investigation and in 126 patients radiological examinations were performed for diagnosis. Both surgical debridement and antifungal therapy were employed in 115 patients. Four patients had received only surgical debridement and 30 only antifungal therapies. Classical amphotericin B (AMP-B) therapy for 77 cases, liposomal AMP-B for 60 cases, liposomal AMP-B + posaconazole for six cases and lipid complex AMP-B for two cases have been started as antifungal therapies. Total mortality rate was detected as 54.3% (82/151). In conclusion, despite new diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents, mortality rates in mucormycosis are still very high. For the management, mucormycosis should be considered early in risky patients, and surgical debridement together with effective antifungal therapy should be applied as soon as possible.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Causality; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Debridement; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Turkey; Young Adult; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 24237440
DOI: 10.5578/mb.5836 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2014A novel fungal gene encoding the Rhizomucor miehei l-asparaginase (RmAsnase) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Its deduced amino acid sequence shared only...
A novel fungal gene encoding the Rhizomucor miehei l-asparaginase (RmAsnase) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Its deduced amino acid sequence shared only 57% identity with the amino acid sequences of other reported l-asparaginases. The purified l-asparaginase homodimer had a molecular mass of 133.7 kDa, a high specific activity of 1,985 U/mg, and very low glutaminase activity. RmAsnase was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 45°C and was stable at this temperature for 30 min. The final level of acrylamide in biscuits and bread was decreased by about 81.6% and 94.2%, respectively, upon treatment with 10 U RmAsnase per mg flour. Moreover, this l-asparaginase was found to potentiate a lectin's induction of leukemic K562 cell apoptosis, allowing lowering of the drug dosage and shortening of the incubation time. Overall, our findings suggest that RmAsnase possesses a remarkable potential for the food industry and in chemotherapeutics for leukemia.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Asparaginase; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Fungal; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Food Safety; Gene Expression; Glutaminase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lectins; Leukemia; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Protein Multimerization; Rhizomucor; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Temperature
PubMed: 24362429
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03523-13 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2013Solar radiation causes damage to human skin, and photoprotection is the main way to prevent these harmful effects. The development of sunscreen formulations containing...
UNLABELLED
Solar radiation causes damage to human skin, and photoprotection is the main way to prevent these harmful effects. The development of sunscreen formulations containing nanosystems is of great interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries because of the many potential benefits. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) liposomal nanosystem (liposome/OMC) to obtain a sunscreen formulation with improved safety and efficacy by retaining OMC for longer on the stratum corneum.
METHODS
The liposome/OMC nanostructure obtained was tested for enzymatic hydrolysis with lipase from Rhizomucor miehei and biodistribution with liposomes labeled with technetium-99m. The liposome/OMC formulation was then incorporated in a gel formulation and tested for ocular irritation using the hen's egg test-chorio-allantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay, in vitro and in vivo sun protection factor, in vitro release profile, skin biometrics, and in vivo tape stripping.
RESULTS
The liposome/OMC nanosystem was not hydrolyzed from R. miehei by lipase. In the biodistribution assay, the liposome/OMC formulation labeled with technetium-99m had mainly deposited in the skin, while for OMC the main organ was the liver, showing that the liposome had higher affinity for the skin than OMC. The liposome/OMC formulation was classified as nonirritating in the HET-CAM test, indicating good histocompatibility. The formulation containing liposome/OMC had a higher in vivo solar photoprotection factor, but did not show increased water resistance. Inclusion in liposomes was able to slow down the release of OMC from the formulation, with a lower steady-state flux (3.9 ± 0.33 μg/cm(2)/hour) compared with the conventional formulation (6.3 ± 1.21 μg/cm(2)/hour). The stripping method showed increased uptake of OMC in the stratum corneum, giving an amount of 22.64 ± 7.55 μg/cm(2) of OMC, which was higher than the amount found for the conventional formulation (14.57 ± 2.30 μg/cm(2)).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that liposomes are superior carriers for OMC, and confer greater safety and efficacy to sunscreen formulations.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cinnamates; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; Liposomes; Middle Aged; Organotechnetium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Sunscreening Agents; Surgical Tape; Tissue Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 24376350
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S51383