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International Journal of Medical... Feb 2021Rothia sp. are Gram-positive bacteria in the class of Actinobacteria that are part of the physiological oral flora. In rare cases, Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa...
BACKGROUND
Rothia sp. are Gram-positive bacteria in the class of Actinobacteria that are part of the physiological oral flora. In rare cases, Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa can cause infective endocarditis (IE). The biofilm potential of Rothia in endocarditis is unknown.
METHODS
Specimen from two cases of Rothia endocarditis were obtained during cardiac surgery. One of the patients suffered mitral valve IE from Rothia aeria. In the other case, IE of a prosthetic pulmonary valve was caused by Rothia dentocariosa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for visualization of microorganisms within heart valve tissues in combination with PCR and sequencing (FISHseq).
RESULTS
The two heart valve specimens featured mature biofilms of bacteria that were identified by FISHseq as Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa, respectively. FISH showed in situ biofilms of both microorganisms that feature distinct phenotypes for the first time ex vivo. Both of our reported cases were treated successfully by heart valve surgery and antibiotic therapy using beta-lactam antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
The biofilm potential of Rothia sp. must be taken into account. The awareness of Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa as rare but relevant pathogens for infective endocarditis must be raised. Use of biofilm-effective antibiotics in Rothia IE should be discussed.
Topics: Biofilms; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Micrococcaceae
PubMed: 33581548
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151478 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... May 2004As recent external quality control results have shown, the diagnosis of Rothia dentocariosa infection still presents problems for clinical laboratories. This review... (Review)
Review
As recent external quality control results have shown, the diagnosis of Rothia dentocariosa infection still presents problems for clinical laboratories. This review describes the taxonomy, as well as the chemotaxonomic, morphological and biochemical characteristics, of this organism, and surveys bacteria that may be confused with Rothia dentocariosa.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Micrococcaceae; Phylogeny
PubMed: 15113315
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00784.x -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Feb 2023The uptake and storage of extracellular orthophosphate (Pi) by polyphosphate (polyP) accumulating bacteria may contribute to mineral dissolution in the oral cavity. To...
The uptake and storage of extracellular orthophosphate (Pi) by polyphosphate (polyP) accumulating bacteria may contribute to mineral dissolution in the oral cavity. To test the effect of potential inhibitors of polyP kinases on Rothia dentocariosa, gallein (0, 25, 50, and 100 μM) and fluoride (0, 50, and 100 ppm) were added to R. dentocariosa cultures grown in brain-heart infusion broth. At a late log growth phase (8 h), extracellular Pi was measured using an ascorbic acid assay, and polyP was isolated from bacterial cells treated with RNA/DNAases using a neutral phenol/chloroform extraction. Extracts were hydrolyzed and quantified as above. Gallein and fluoride had minor effects on bacterial growth with NaF having a direct effect on media pH. Gallein (≥25 μM) and fluoride (≥50 ppm) attenuated the bacterial drawdown of extracellular Pi by 56.7% (P < 0.05) and 37.3% (P < 0.01). There was a corresponding polyP synthesis decrease of 73.2% (P < 0.0001) from gallein and 83.1% (P < 0.0001) from fluoride. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy validated the presence of polyP and its reduced concentration in R. dentocariosa bacterial cells following gallein and fluoride treatment. Rothia dentocariosa can directly change extracellular Pi and accumulate intracellular polyP, but the mechanism is attenuated by gallein and NaF.
Topics: Fluorides; Polyphosphates; Mouth; Actinomycetales
PubMed: 36715153
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad017 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2021We describe a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis and mycotic brain aneurysm caused by a due to untreated dental caries. is a rare cause of endocarditis that has a...
We describe a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis and mycotic brain aneurysm caused by a due to untreated dental caries. is a rare cause of endocarditis that has a high incidence of aneurysmal and haemorrhagic complications. All patients with intracranial aneurysms who have signs of systemic infection should be considered to have mycotic aneurysms until proven otherwise. Dental habits should be included in regular medical assessment and dental care should be considered for patients presenting with infectious symptoms.
Topics: Aneurysm, Infected; Brain Ischemia; Dental Caries; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Stroke; Micrococcaceae; Stroke
PubMed: 33664036
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240349 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... Dec 2017This report describes the first recognised case of Rothia dentocariosa endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection.
PURPOSE
This report describes the first recognised case of Rothia dentocariosa endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection.
CASE REPORT
A 57-year-old indigenous Australian diabetic female developed pain, redness and decreased vision 3 days after intravitreal aflibercept injection to the right eye-administered for diabetic vitreous haemorrhage with suspected macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Examination revealed best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of hand movements, ocular hypertension and marked anterior chamber inflammation. The left eye was unaffected but had a BCVA of 6/24 due to pre-existing diabetic retinopathy. Vitreous culture isolated Rothia dentocariosa as the organism responsible for the endophthalmitis. The following treatment with intraocular cephazolin, vancomycin and ceftazidime, topical ciprofloxacin and gentamicin and systemic ciprofloxacin, the patient underwent vitrectomy. Nine weeks after onset, the patient's BCVA had improved to 6/36, and fundal examination revealed extensive retinal necrosis.
CONCLUSION
Rothia dentocariosa is presented as a rare cause of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection and reports the appearance of 'pink hypopyon' previously observed with other organisms. Its identification also demonstrates the risk of oral bacterial contamination during intraocular injections. Vigilance with strategies to minimise bacterial contamination in the peri-injection period are important. Further research to identify additional techniques to prevent contamination with oral bacteria would be beneficial, including whether a role exists for patients wearing surgical masks during intravitreal injections.
PubMed: 29247280
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-017-0142-3 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance is reaching a crisis point as common bacterial infections, including those caused by pathogenic species, are...
The growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance is reaching a crisis point as common bacterial infections, including those caused by pathogenic species, are becoming increasingly untreatable. This is compelling the scientific community to search for new antimicrobial agents, taking advantage of computational mining and using whole genome sequences to discover natural products from the human microbiome with antibiotic effects. In this study, we investigated the crude extract from a strain with demonstrated antimicrobial activity against pathogenic spp. by spot-on-lawn assay. The genomic DNA of the strain was sequenced, and bioinformatic evaluation was performed using antiSMASH and PRISM to search for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). The crude extract with potential antimicrobial activity was run on Tricine-SDS-PAGE, and the putative peptides were characterised using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The crude extract inhibited the growth of the pathogenic spp. Six BGCs were identified corresponding to non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs), polyketide synthases (PKSs), and ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides. Three peptides were also identified corresponding to Actinorhodin polyketide putative beta-ketoacyl synthase 1. These findings serve as a useful reference to facilitate the research and development of NRPS and PKS as antimicrobial products against multidrug-resistant
PubMed: 37998794
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111592 -
Case Reports in Ophthalmological... 2021Keratitis is a very common condition seen by ophthalmologists. However, many factors can complicate the treatment of this depending on the causative organism and other...
Keratitis is a very common condition seen by ophthalmologists. However, many factors can complicate the treatment of this depending on the causative organism and other patient comorbid conditions. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight the treatment of keratitis caused by . It also looks at the unique considerations in keratitis presentations for patients immunocompromised by chemotherapy agents. Our patient is a 58 yo female undergoing chemotherapy with folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and panitumumab who presented with several days of a red, painful right eye with mucous discharge. Cultures were positive for and . The patient ultimately underwent a conjunctival flap procedure as medical therapy with proper oral and topical antibiotics failed to resolve keratitis. This case is unique as previously, only a couple of cases of keratitis caused by have been reported and none of those patients were immunocompromised nor failed antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 34824873
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9014667 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2003Rothia dentocariosa is a rare cause of endocarditis. It occurs most frequently in patients with prior heart conditions. Although the clinical course is typically... (Review)
Review
Rothia dentocariosa is a rare cause of endocarditis. It occurs most frequently in patients with prior heart conditions. Although the clinical course is typically subacute, it has a high rate of complications. In particular, the reported incidence of mycotic aneurysms is as high as 25%. Penicillin is the treatment of choice, but additional complications may necessitate prompt surgical intervention. As far as we know, this paper reports the first case of repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages due to R. dentocariosa endocarditis.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adolescent; Aneurysm, Infected; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Micrococcaceae; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
PubMed: 12667255
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00503.x -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Mar 2007Rothia dentocariosa, a pleomorphic, fastidious, Gram-positive rod, is a normal inhabitant of the oropharynx. It is a well-known causative agent of dental plaques and... (Review)
Review
Rothia dentocariosa, a pleomorphic, fastidious, Gram-positive rod, is a normal inhabitant of the oropharynx. It is a well-known causative agent of dental plaques and periodontal disease. Generally regarded as of low virulence to humans, R. dentocariosa has been increasingly recognized as a pathogen in adults and often associated with infective endocarditis. It should not necessarily be regarded as a contaminant when the isolate comes from areas other than the oropharynx, especially from the blood. We report two cases of R. dentocariosa bacteremia, including an 8-month-old boy with repaired transposition of the great arteries, and a healthy 20-month-old girl with herpangina.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Bacteremia; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Micrococcaceae
PubMed: 17493907
DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60364-8 -
Applied Microbiology Jan 1969Fifty isolates of Rothia dentocariosa from diverse clinical sources were characterized by 28 separate tests. An attempt was made to select practical tests that could be...
Fifty isolates of Rothia dentocariosa from diverse clinical sources were characterized by 28 separate tests. An attempt was made to select practical tests that could be completed in a minimal length of time. Rothia is also compared with Actinomyces and Nocardia with which it is often confused. Of the isolates 100% were positive in the following reactions: catalase production, nitrate and nitrite reduction, esculin hydrolysis, and acid production from glucose, sucrose, maltose, salicin, and glycerol. The importance of recognizing this organism is based on the fact that it is frequently isolated from human clinical materials and must be differentiated from morphologically similar organisms of the genera Actinomyces and Nocardia, which contain pathogenic members.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; Bacteriological Techniques; Humans; Methods; Mouth; Nocardia
PubMed: 4886858
DOI: 10.1128/am.17.1.150-156.1969