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NeuroImage Feb 2020Rumination is strongly and consistently correlated with depression. Although multiple studies have explored the neural correlates of rumination, findings have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Rumination is strongly and consistently correlated with depression. Although multiple studies have explored the neural correlates of rumination, findings have been inconsistent and the mechanisms underlying rumination remain elusive. Functional brain imaging studies have identified areas in the default mode network (DMN) that appear to be critically involved in ruminative processes. However, a meta-analysis to synthesize the findings of brain regions underlying rumination is currently lacking. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis consisting of experimental tasks that investigate rumination by using Signed Differential Mapping of 14 fMRI studies comprising 286 healthy participants. Furthermore, rather than treat the DMN as a unitary network, we examined the contribution of three DMN subsystems to rumination. Results confirm the suspected association between rumination and DMN activation, specifically implicating the DMN core regions and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subsystem. Based on these findings, we suggest a hypothesis of how DMN regions support rumination and present the implications of this model for treating major depressive disorder characterized by rumination.
Topics: Brain Mapping; Depression; Humans; Nerve Net; Prefrontal Cortex; Rumination, Cognitive
PubMed: 31655111
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116287 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Apr 2021The Chicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0) is the updated classification scheme for esophageal motility disorders using metrics from high-resolution manometry (HRM). A key... (Review)
Review
The Chicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0) is the updated classification scheme for esophageal motility disorders using metrics from high-resolution manometry (HRM). A key feature of CCv.4.0 is the more rigorous and expansive protocol that incorporates single wet swallows acquired in different positions (supine, upright) and provocative testing, including multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge. Additionally, solid bolus swallows, solid test meal, and/or pharmacologic provocation can be used to identify clinically relevant motility disorders and other conditions (eg, rumination) that occur during and after meals. The acquisition and analysis for performing these tests and the evidence supporting their inclusion in the Chicago Classification protocol is detailed in this technical review. Provocative tests are designed to increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of HRM studies for disorders of esophageal motility. These changes attempt to minimize ambiguity in prior iterations of Chicago Classification, decrease the proportion of HRM studies that deliver inconclusive diagnoses and increase the number of patients with a clinically relevant diagnosis that can direct effective therapy. Another aim in establishing a standard manometry protocol for motility laboratories around the world is to facilitate procedural consistency, improve diagnostic reliability, and promote collaborative research.
Topics: Deglutition; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Esophagus; Humans; Manometry; Patient Positioning
PubMed: 33729668
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14120 -
Biological Psychiatry Feb 2023Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and its prevalence is on the rise. One of the most debilitating aspects of depression is the dominance and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and its prevalence is on the rise. One of the most debilitating aspects of depression is the dominance and persistence of depressive rumination, a state of mind that is linked to onset and recurrence of depression. Mindfulness meditation trains adaptive attention regulation and present-moment embodied awareness, skills that may be particularly useful during depressive mind states characterized by negative ruminative thoughts.
METHODS
In a randomized controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 80), we looked at the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (n = 50) for recurrent depression compared with treatment as usual (n = 30) across experimentally induced states of rest, mindfulness practice and rumination, and the relationship with dispositional psychological processes.
RESULTS
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with treatment as usual led to decreased salience network connectivity to the lingual gyrus during a ruminative state, and this change in salience network connectivity mediated improvements in the ability to sustain and control attention to body sensations.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings showed that a clinically effective mindfulness intervention modulates neurocognitive functioning during depressive rumination and the ability to sustain attention to the body.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Brain; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depressive Disorder, Major; Cognition
PubMed: 36328822
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.038 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Jul 2014Belching is a normal physiological function that may occur when ingested air accumulated in the stomach is expelled or when food containing air and gas produced in the... (Review)
Review
Belching is a normal physiological function that may occur when ingested air accumulated in the stomach is expelled or when food containing air and gas produced in the gastrointestinal tract is expelled. Excessive belching can cause patients to complain of abdominal discomfort, disturbed daily life activities, decreased quality of life and may be related to various gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, aerophagia and rumination syndrome. Belching disorders can be classified into aerophagia and unspecified belching disorder according to the Rome III criteria. Since the introduction of multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring, efforts are being made to elucidate the types and pathogenic mechanisms of belching disorders. Treatment modalities such as behavioral therapy, speech therapy, baclofen, tranquilizers and proton pump inhibitors can be attempted, but further investigations on the effective treatment of belching disorders are warranted.
Topics: Aerophagy; Behavior Therapy; Eructation; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Quality of Life; Speech Therapy
PubMed: 25073665
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2014.64.1.4 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022We aimed to investigate stress-reactive rumination in response to social stress and its association with social anxiety and trait rumination. From previous...
We aimed to investigate stress-reactive rumination in response to social stress and its association with social anxiety and trait rumination. From previous investigations we know that people with a certain vulnerability to rumination show increased stress-reactive rumination. However, up to date the possible influence of social anxiety on this relationship is still unclear. Therefore, we reanalyzed the data of two of our previous studies assessing healthy low and high trait ruminators and depressed patients performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). We measured cortical oxygenation using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as well as different behavioral outcome measures (subjective stress levels, negative affect, state rumination). On a behavioral level, we found an influence of both, social anxiety and trait rumination, on state rumination, even when correcting for the other factor, respectively, implying two potentially independent factors of influence. On a neural level, we observed reduced activation in brain regions of the cognitive control network (CCN) for higher social anxiety and trait rumination, which might be a result of reduced cognitive and attentional control. Results indicate a specific role of social anxiety, at least on a behavioral level, and therefore implicate a crucial factor to be considered in the treatment of depression.
Topics: Anxiety; Attention; Hemodynamics; Humans; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35365678
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08579-1 -
Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral... Dec 2023Repetitive thinking about negative emotions or events is strongly associated with worse mental health, whereas repetitive positive thought is generally believed to be...
Repetitive thinking about negative emotions or events is strongly associated with worse mental health, whereas repetitive positive thought is generally believed to be beneficial. This observation is at odds with the idea that all forms of repetitive thinking share underlying neural mechanisms. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, the present study examined relationships between subjective affect and neural mechanisms during periods of sustained processing of positive (savoring) and negative (rumination) emotion. We also examined potential common moderators of savoring and rumination including memory specificity and sleep quality. Results indicated that individuals who experience high positive affect during savoring also are likely to experience more intense negative affect during rumination. fMRI-derived brain activity revealed common mechanisms of rumination and savoring. Memory specificity had common effects on neural correlates of rumination and savoring; sleep quality was not associated with mechanisms of savoring or rumination. These results suggest that repetitive engagement with positive and negative affect is similar both subjectively and mechanistically. Clinical interventions for rumination may benefit from capitalizing on preserved capacity for savoring.
Topics: Humans; Emotions; Mental Health
PubMed: 37726588
DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01123-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021The COVID-19 lockdown increased the day-to-day challenges faced by parents, and thereby may have increased parental burnout risk. Therefore, identifying parental burnout...
The COVID-19 lockdown increased the day-to-day challenges faced by parents, and thereby may have increased parental burnout risk. Therefore, identifying parental burnout protection factors is essential. This study aimed to assess the protective role of the following factors which can be increased through mindfulness practice: trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete vs. abstract ruminations. A total of 459 parents ( = 40; 98.7% female) completed self-reported questionnaires at two-time points to assess the predictive role of mindfulness on parental burnout, self-compassion and rumination type, and the mediating role of self-compassion and rumination type in the relation between mindfulness and parental burnout. Results showed that trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and rumination type at Time 1 predicted levels of parental burnout at Time 2. Self-compassion (indirect effects: b = - 22, 95% CI = [-38, -05], < 0.01), concrete ruminations (indirect effects: b = -20, 95% CI = [-32, -09], < 0.001), and abstract ruminations (indirect effects: b = -0.54, 95% CI = [-71, -37], < 0.001) partially mediated the relation between trait-mindfulness and parental burnout. These findings showed that trait mindfulness, self-compassion, and concrete (vs. abstract) ruminations may help prevent parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results contribute to the field of research on parental burnout prevention and will allow for the development of effective approaches to mental health promotion in parents.
Topics: Adult; Burnout, Professional; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Empathy; Female; Humans; Male; Mindfulness; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34444555
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168811 -
Ideggyogyaszati Szemle May 2023
Although rumination and schizotypal traits can be considered transdiagnostic phenomena and can occur within non-clinical population as well, a relatively small...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although rumination and schizotypal traits can be considered transdiagnostic phenomena and can occur within non-clinical population as well, a relatively small number of research has been carried out on the topic involving both patient and non clinical participants. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between schizotypal traits and rumination using a transdiagnostic approach, involving participants living with psychotic disorders and sine morbo individuals.
.METHODS
We recruited participants living with psychotic disorders (paranoid schizophrenia, hebephrenia, schizoaffective disorder, etc.) (n = 30) and controls who had not been diagnosed with any mental illnesses (n = 67). The connection between rumination and schizotypal traits was examined by self-report questionnaire method in a cross-sectional arrangement. The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory was used to measure schizotypal traits, and the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire was used to determine the level of rumination.
.RESULTS
Schizotypal symptoms (β = 0.575; p < 0.001), especially cognitive disorganization (β = 0.459; p < 0.001) and unusual experiences (β = 0.221; p = 0.029) significantly explained the degree of rumination.
.CONCLUSION
Our results support the hypothesis that the association between rumination and schizotypic traits is due to decreased cognitive inhibitory functions.
.Topics: Humans; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Psychotic Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Personality
PubMed: 37294028
DOI: 10.18071/isz.76.0149 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Dec 2017Supragastric belching is the most important factor in the etiology of excessive belching complaints. Supragastric belching is a belching disorder with a behavioral... (Review)
Review
Supragastric belching is the most important factor in the etiology of excessive belching complaints. Supragastric belching is a belching disorder with a behavioral origin. The standard diagnosis is made by monitoring the esophageal impedance. Supragastric belching has been shown to be associated with globus, as well as reflux symptoms in proton pump inhibitor non-responders in gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, the pathophysiology of supragastric belching in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease or functional dyspepsia has not been clarified. Patient education with behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice in isolated supragastric belching. On the other hand, the best management of supragastric belching associated with globus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and dyspepsia remains to be studied.
Topics: Animals; Behavior; Electric Impedance; Eructation; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Rumination, Digestive
PubMed: 29277088
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.273 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Apr 2022General and eating disorder (ED)-specific ruminations have been identified as key factors that may contribute to eating pathology. Positive beliefs about rumination...
PURPOSE
General and eating disorder (ED)-specific ruminations have been identified as key factors that may contribute to eating pathology. Positive beliefs about rumination (e.g., "Ruminating helps me to prevent future mistakes") may impact this association. However, the effect of positive beliefs about rumination on the links between rumination and ED symptom severity has not been investigated. This study sought to clarify relations between rumination and ED symptom severity and to evaluate the potential moderating effect of positive beliefs about rumination on these associations.
METHODS
During a laboratory visit, undergraduate participants (N = 473, M = 18.90 ± 2.27, M = 23.45 kg/m ± 4.31, 54.8% female) completed an online battery of questionnaires assessing general and ED-specific ruminative processes (e.g., brooding, reflection), positive beliefs about rumination, and global ED symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed the unique contributions of specific ruminative processes, and the moderating effect of positive beliefs on associations between ruminative processes and ED symptom severity.
RESULTS
Hierarchical multiple regression results suggest that, after controlling for gender and BMI, ED-specific brooding, b = 1.32, SE = 0.13, β = 0.46, p < 0.0001, and reflection, b = 1.44, SE = 0.33, β = 0.19, p < 0.0001, accounted for unique variance in ED symptom severity. Moderation model results indicate that, at low levels of general reflection, b = - 0.06, SE = 0.02, β = - 0.51, p = 0.003, and ED-specific reflection, b = - 0.15, SE = 0.03, β = - 0.59, p < 0.0001, increased positive beliefs about rumination were associated with greater ED symptom severity.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest ED-specific rumination accounts for ED symptom severity above and beyond general rumination, and that rumination-related expectancies influence the association between reflection and ED symptom severity.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III, evidence obtained from a well-designed cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 34097284
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01209-1