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Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Aug 2018In women with endometriosis, the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is increased from 1.4% to about 1.9%. The risk of clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer is,... (Review)
Review
In women with endometriosis, the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is increased from 1.4% to about 1.9%. The risk of clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer is, respectively, tripled and doubled. Atypical endometriosis, observed in 1-3% of endometriomas excised in premenopausal women, is the intermediate precursor lesion linking typical endometriosis and clear cell/endometrioid tumors. Prolonged oral contraceptive use is associated with a major reduction in ovarian cancer risk among women with endometriosis. Surveillance ± progestogen treatment or surgery should be discussed in perimenopausal women with small, typical endometriomas. In most perimenopausal women with a history of endometriosis but without endometriomas, surveillance instead of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy seems advisable. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy might benefit patients at particularly increased risk, but the evidence is inconclusive. Risk profiling models and decision aids may assist patients in their choice. Screening of the general perimenopausal population to detect asymptomatic endometriomas is unlikely to reduce disease-specific mortality.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Case-Control Studies; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Perimenopause; Precancerous Conditions; Risk Factors; Salpingectomy
PubMed: 29551389
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.017 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Apr 2022Vaginal mesenchymal cancer is one of the rarest cases, covering only 3% of all cases of vaginal malignancies. While risk factors are not heavily studied, genetic...
INTRODUCTION
Vaginal mesenchymal cancer is one of the rarest cases, covering only 3% of all cases of vaginal malignancies. While risk factors are not heavily studied, genetic disorders and hereditary diseases have been stated to be responsible for the increasing incidence of vaginal mesenchymal carcinoma. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma could be done through anamnesis to find abnormal uterine discharge and pelvic pain and physical examination to find a protruding mass on the vagina, which then should be confirmed through a series of radiologic examinations and histopathological examinations. Due to its rarity, each case should be properly evaluated for its clinical manifestation, diagnostic results, and outcome of the treatment.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 46-year-old woman came in with vaginal discharge and a protruding mass from the vagina without bleeding or urinary or defecation difficulties, which was suspected to be pedunculated submucous myoma. Based on pelvic USG and MRI, the mass was suspected to have originated from the vagina. Histopathology examinations from biopsy showed a possible mesenchymal malignant type. The patient then underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and partial vaginectomy. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma in the patient.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The patient was diagnosed with a vaginal malignant mesenchymal tumor stage II intraoperatively and underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Leiomyosarcoma is not commonly diagnosed preoperatively, hence implying the importance of radiologic examination to do an early diagnosis prior to the histopathological analysis. Due to the rarity of vaginal mesenchymal malignancy, further studies are needed to increase understanding of this case.
PubMed: 35318185
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106864 -
Endocrine Connections Dec 2018Literature on virilising ovarian tumors (VOTs) is limited to case reports and series reporting single pathological type. We have analyzed the clinical, hormonal,...
Literature on virilising ovarian tumors (VOTs) is limited to case reports and series reporting single pathological type. We have analyzed the clinical, hormonal, radiological, histological, management and outcome data of VOT. This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care center from Western India. Consecutive patients with VOT presenting to our endocrine center between 2002 and 2017 were included. Our study included 13 patients of VOT. Out of 13 patients, two were postmenopausal. All patients in the reproductive age group had secondary amenorrhea except one who presented with primary amenorrhea. Modified F and G score (mFG) at presentation was 24 ± 4.3 and all patients had severe hirsutism (mFG ≥15). Change in voice (n = 11) and clitoromegaly (n = 7) were the other most common virilising symptoms. Duration of symptoms varied from 4 to 48 months. Median serum total testosterone level at presentation was 5.6 ng/mL with severe hyperandrogenemia (serum testosterone ≥2 ng/mL) but unsuppressed gonadotropins in all patients. Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAS) detected VOT in all except one. Ten patients underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy whereas three patients (peri- or postmenopausal) underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Seven patients had Sertoli Leydig cell tumor, three had steroid cell tumor and two had Leydig cell tumor and one had miscellaneous sex cord stromal tumor. All patients had normalization of serum testosterone after tumor excision. In conclusion, VOTs present with severe hyperandrogenism and hyperandrogenemia. Sertoli Leydig cell tumor is the most common histological subtype. Surgery is the treatment of choice with good surgical outcome.
PubMed: 30400027
DOI: 10.1530/EC-18-0360 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2019Menopause can occur spontaneously (natural menopause) or it can be surgically induced by oophorectomy. The symptoms and complications related to menopause differ from... (Review)
Review
Menopause can occur spontaneously (natural menopause) or it can be surgically induced by oophorectomy. The symptoms and complications related to menopause differ from one patient to another. We aimed to review the similarities and differences between natural and surgically induced menopause by analyzing the available data in literature regarding surgically induced menopause and the current guidelines and recommendations, the advantages of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in low and high risk patients, the effects of surgically induced menopause and to analyze the factors involved in decision making.
Topics: Decision Making; Female; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Salpingo-oophorectomy
PubMed: 31416275
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080482 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Dec 2022The main goal of our study was to evaluate the surgical technique, the feasibility and patient's satisfaction of multiple surgeries: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy...
Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy (RRSO) Combined with Simultaneous Mastectomy in Women with BRCA 1-2 Mutation Carriers: The Surgical Technique, the Feasibility and Patients' Satisfaction of Multiple Surgeries.
The main goal of our study was to evaluate the surgical technique, the feasibility and patient's satisfaction of multiple surgeries: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) combined with mastectomy in patients with BRCA 1-2 mutation carriers. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with BRCA 1-2 variants who underwent RRSO combined with risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy (RRBM) or surgeries for breast cancer from January-2015 to December-2021. We collected data about surgeries, complications, and patients' satisfaction using a questionnaire submitted 30 days after surgery. We included 54 patients. Forty-eight patients underwent RRSO, and six patients underwent RRSO + Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (LTH). The minor postoperative complications within 30 days were four: one breast seromas aspiration (1.9%), one infectious reconstructive complication treated with antibiotics therapy (1.9%), one Red-Breast-Syndrome (1.9%) and one trocar abdominal hematoma (1.9%) associated with RRSO. The major postoperative complications within 30 days were five: two evacuations of a breast hematoma (3.7%) and three infectious reconstructive complications treated with removal expander/implant (5.6%). No postoperative complications after 30 days were observed. According to the satisfaction questionnaire, more than 90% of patients were satisfied and would have combined surgery again. In conclusion, the multiple surgeries seem feasible and safety with a single anesthesia, a single surgical time, a single postoperative recovery, and a high patients' satisfactions without increasing morbidity.
PubMed: 36556118
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247502 -
BMC Women's Health May 2019The recurrence rate after unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO) for unilateral endometrioma has not been reported. We evaluated the rate of and risk factors for... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The recurrence rate after unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO) for unilateral endometrioma has not been reported. We evaluated the rate of and risk factors for endometrioma recurrence after USO.
METHODS
In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled 110 women (age, 35-45 years) who underwent laparoscopic USO (n = 50) or cystectomy (n = 60) for unilateral ovarian endometrioma from January 2010 through December 2012. We compared patients' characteristics between patients who underwent USO and those who underwent cystectomy. We also compared patients with and without an endometrioma recurrence after USO using univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression models to identify recurrence risk factors. Endometrioma recurrence was defined as an ovarian cyst (> 2 cm) with features typical of an endometrioma identified by postoperative transvaginal sonography.
RESULTS
Endometrioma recurred in 8 (16%) patients after USO (mean follow-up, 46.0 ± 12.9 months [range, 15-73]). The post-USO cumulative recurrence rates at 12, 24, 36, and 60 months were 8.0, 10.2, 12.7, and 24.7%, respectively (Kaplan-Meier analysis). In logistic regression analysis, a contralateral side adhesion score ≥ 4 was an independent risk factor for endometrioma recurrence after USO (odds ratio, 19.48, 95% confidence interval, 1.59-237.72). The post-USO cumulative recurrence rates at 12, 24, 36, and 57 months were 19.5, 24.1, 31.0, and 54.0%, respectively, in cases with contralateral side adhesion scores ≥4, and 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, and 5.9%, respectively, in cases with scores < 4 (log-rank test, P = 0.0023).
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first report on the recurrence rate and risk factors associated with recurrence after USO. Endometrioma recurrence rates were 24.7% during the first 5 years after USO. The post-USO recurrence rate increased significantly in cases with contralateral side adhesions. Our findings could improve the planning of USO and patient selection for postoperative hormonal therapy.
Topics: Adult; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Odds Ratio; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Salpingo-oophorectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31046768
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0760-z -
Radiology. Imaging Cancer Nov 2020To examine radiologic-histopathologic correlation and the diagnostic performance of transvaginal US prior to risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in women at high...
PURPOSE
To examine radiologic-histopathologic correlation and the diagnostic performance of transvaginal US prior to risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in women at high risk for tubo-ovarian carcinoma (TOC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study included 147 women (mean age, 49 years; age range, 28-75 years) at high risk for TOC who underwent transvaginal US within 6 months of planned RRSO between May 1, 2007, and March 14, 2018. Histopathologic results were reviewed. Fellowship-trained abdominal radiologists reinterpreted transvaginal US findings by using standardized descriptors. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed.
RESULTS
Of the 147 women, 136 had mutations in , , Lynch syndrome, , and genes, and 11 had a family history of TOC. Histopathologic reports showed 130 (88.4%) benign nonneoplastic results, 10 (6.8%) benign neoplasms, five (3.4%) malignant neoplasms, and two (1.4%) isolated p53 signature lesions. Transvaginal US results showed benign findings in 95 (64.6%) women and abnormal findings in 11 (7.5%) women; one or both ovaries were not visualized in 41 (27.9%) women. Hydrosalpinx was absent in all TOC and p53 signature lesions at transvaginal US. Transvaginal US had 20% sensitivity (one of five), 93% specificity (132 of 142), 9% positive predictive value (one of 11), and 97% negative predictive value (132 of 136) for TOC. Cancer was detected in one of five women at transvaginal US, and three of five false-negative lesions were microscopic or very small.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative transvaginal US had low sensitivity for detecting TOC in women at high risk for TOC. Clinically relevant precursors and early cancers were too small to be detected. Genital/Reproductive, Ultrasound© RSNA, 2020.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Salpingo-oophorectomy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33778746
DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2020190086 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2019Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is rare. Most cases arise from a cystic teratoma or less frequently from Brenner tumor or endometriosis. We reviewed... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is rare. Most cases arise from a cystic teratoma or less frequently from Brenner tumor or endometriosis. We reviewed 36 cases of primary ovarian SCC reported in the literature including a case diagnosed and treated in our institution.
METHODS
Data was collected by using the key-words "primary squamous cell carcinoma" and "ovary" on Google Scholar and PubMed in April 2018. All reviewed cases were analyzed according to diagnosis, surgical approach, adjuvant therapy and outcome.
RESULTS
To date 23 articles presenting 36 cases of primary ovarian SCC are reported. Nine patients had stage I, 8 stage II, 11 stage III and 5 stage IV disease, whereas 3 patients had in situ carcinoma. All patients underwent surgery (mainly hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Adjuvant therapy was reported in 24 patients, 15 of which received chemotherapy, 6 radiotherapy and 3 a combination of both. Chemotherapy regimens were similar to the ones used in ovarian carcinoma (more often platinum plus paclitaxel). Follow-up period was in general short and survival varied between 9 days and 14 years, depending on the stage at diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary ovarian SCC is a rare entity with poor prognosis, compared to serous carcinoma. Treatment is usually extrapolated from classical ovarian carcinoma algorithms, including surgical management combined with adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Further investigations are needed to define optimal treatment, such as chemotherapy regimens and the role of radiotherapy and lymph node dissection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Ovarian Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Salpingo-oophorectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31786837
DOI: No ID Found -
Oxford Medical Case Reports Aug 2017Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian tumor in young females. We are presenting a 13-year-old African-American female with abdominal distension. Computed...
Mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian tumor in young females. We are presenting a 13-year-old African-American female with abdominal distension. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed midline cystic mass. Diagnosis was confirmed after laparoscopic left salpingo-oophorectomy. Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is rare.
PubMed: 28852533
DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omx040 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Sep 2012Uterine sarcomas are rare and comprise only 3% of all uterine cancers. Within the group of adult soft tissue sarcomas, they account for ∼7% of new cases. They consist...
Uterine sarcomas are rare and comprise only 3% of all uterine cancers. Within the group of adult soft tissue sarcomas, they account for ∼7% of new cases. They consist of several distinct histological subtypes like leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal tumors, undifferentiated sarcomas, pure heterologous sarcomas, and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Standard treatment in localized disease is abdominal hysterectomy. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy have no proven value in leiomyosarcomas and high-grade undifferentiated sarcomas. However, in endometrial stromal tumors, given the hormonal reponsiveness of most tumors, salpingo-oophorectomy is generally recommended. Carcinosarcomas are treated according to current recommendations for epithelial uterine cancers. In leiomyosarcomas, postoperative radiation does not improve both relapse-free and overall survival. adjuvant chemotherapy seems to improve survival in the context of uncontrolled phase II trials. However, it is currently not considered standard of care in the absence of data from randomized trials. In contrast, adjuvant chemotherapy does improve overall survival in carcinosarcomas and is therefore considered standard of care. Systemic therapy for advanced uterine leiomyosarcomas, undifferentiated uterine sarcomas, and heterologous sarcomas is generally following the recommendations for adult soft tissue sarcomas. Endometrial stromal sarcomas are usually hormonal receptor positive, which allows endocrine therapy in most cases.
Topics: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endometrial Stromal Tumors; Female; Furans; Humans; Ketones; Leiomyosarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Sarcoma; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 22987952
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds359