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American Family Physician May 2019
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lice Infestations; Macrolides; Patient Education as Topic; Phthiraptera; Scabies
PubMed: 31083888
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2012
Topics: Animals; Global Health; Humans; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Lice Infestations; Pediculus; Phylogeny; Scabies
PubMed: 22369251
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03791.x -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Dec 2014Scabies is a common public health problem. In many resource-poor settings, scabies is an endemic problem; whereas in industrialised countries, it is most common in...
INTRODUCTION
Scabies is a common public health problem. In many resource-poor settings, scabies is an endemic problem; whereas in industrialised countries, it is most common in institutionalised communities.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of topical treatments for scabies? What are the effects of systemic treatments for scabies? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found five studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: benzyl benzoate (topical), crotamiton (topical), ivermectin (oral), malathion (topical), permethrin (topical), and sulfur compounds (topical).
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Humans; Scabies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25544114
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Herbal remedia are widely employed in folk medicine, and have been more and more often studied and considered in the treatment of several infections. Sarcoptic mange... (Review)
Review
Herbal remedia are widely employed in folk medicine, and have been more and more often studied and considered in the treatment of several infections. Sarcoptic mange (scabies, when referring to human patients) is a highly contagious skin disease caused by (sarcoptiformes, Sarcoptinae), an astigmatid mite which burrows into the epidermis, actively penetrating the This parasitosis negatively affects livestock productions and represents a constraint on animal and human health. The treatment relies on permethrine and ivermectine but, since these molecules do not have ovicidal action, more than a single dose should be administered. Toxicity, the possible onset of parasite resistance, the presence of residues in meat and other animal products and environmental contamination are the major constraints. These shortcomings could be reduced by the use of plant extracts that have been in vitro or in vivo checked against these mites, sometimes with promising results. The aim of the present study was to review the literature dealing with the treatment of both scabies and sarcoptic mange by plant-derived agents, notably essential oils.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Sarcoptes scabiei; Scabies; Skin; Ivermectin; Epidermis
PubMed: 36558200
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249067 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Oct 2020This article describes a scabies outbreak at a boarding school where failure of the first-line therapy was suspected.
BACKGROUND
This article describes a scabies outbreak at a boarding school where failure of the first-line therapy was suspected.
CASE PRESENTATION
A group of five students, two of whom were room-mates, presented with a varying degree of pruritic papular rash. Repeated treatments with permethrin monitored by the school nurse, in conjunction with a rigorous hygiene regimen, proved to be ineffective. Eventually all five students were prescribed a combination therapy consisting of permethrin and ivermectin. This treatment proved effective in all five students. Despite closely monitored treatment, monotherapy with permethrin failed in all five patients. We discuss whether the lack of response was due to failed application, inability to rid the home environment of mites, reinfection by unidentified infected individuals or increased tolerance to permethrin.
INTERPRETATION
Repeated therapeutic failure when permethrin was used under controlled conditions and documented mechanisms for increased tolerance may indicate the last possibility. We therefore call for additional research on this topic.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Ivermectin; Permethrin; Scabies
PubMed: 33118775
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0095 -
American Family Physician Jan 2004Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of... (Review)
Review
Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). Primary treatment is topically administered 1 percent permethrin. Malathion is one alternative for treatment failures. The importance of environmental measures to prevent infestation is a matter of controversy. Pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for other sexually transmitted diseases. Body lice infestation should be suspected when symptoms of generalized itching occur in persons who do not change or wash their clothing or bedding regularly; lice may be found in the seams of their clothing. Topically administered permethrin may help to eradicate body lice, but personal hygiene measures are essential for successful treatment. Classic scabies in adults can be recognized by a pruritic, papular rash with excoriations; in infants, small children, and the immunocompromised, the rash may include vesicles, pustules, or nodules. Primary treatment for scabies is permethrin cream and environmental measures are important to prevent recurrent infestation. Generalized crusted scabies is best treated with oral ivermectin.
Topics: Humans; Lice Infestations; Scabies
PubMed: 14765774
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Nov 2016Scabies is a contagious infestation transmitted by skin-to-skin contact and sometimes by contact with contaminated material. The scabies mite burrows into the skin,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Scabies is a contagious infestation transmitted by skin-to-skin contact and sometimes by contact with contaminated material. The scabies mite burrows into the skin, producing a papular rash and severe itch at typical sites of predilection.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the literature to compare the efficacy of various anti-scabies agents, including a calculation of relative risks and confidence intervals.
RESULTS
A literature search yielded 596 initial hits; after screening in accor-dance with the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies were selected for this review. Among topical treatments for scabies, permethrin was equally effective or more effective than crotamiton or benzyl benzoate. In a comparison of topical versus systemic treatment, topical permethrin and systemic ivermectin did not differ substantially in efficacy (7 comparative studies revealed no difference; one revealed a difference in favor of permethrin). Comparative trials of topical benzyl benzoate versus systemic ivermectin yielded inconsistent findings. Single and double administrations of ivermectin were similarly effective. In trials involving entire populations with a high prevalence of scabies, systemic ivermectin was found to be superior to topical permethrin.
CONCLUSION
There are hardly any differences in efficacy between the available treatments for scabies. Single administrations of permethrin 5%, crotamiton 10%, and systemic ivermectin are all comparably effective. There are differences in the frequeny and ease of application as well as when eradicating scabies in populations with a high prevalence.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Antiparasitic Agents; Humans; Ivermectin; Permethrin; Scabies
PubMed: 27974144
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0757 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Oct 2020
Topics: Animals; Humans; Sarcoptes scabiei; Scabies
PubMed: 33118770
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0791 -
American Family Physician Sep 2012Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites. Pruritus is the most common presenting symptom. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by visualization of... (Review)
Review
Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites. Pruritus is the most common presenting symptom. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by visualization of live lice. Finding nits (louse egg shells) alone indicates a historical infestation. A "no nit" policy for schools and day care centers no longer is recommended because nits can persist after successful treatment with no risk of transmission. First-line pharmacologic treatment of pediculosis is permethrin 1% lotion or shampoo. Multiple novel treatments have shown limited evidence of effectiveness superior to permethrin. Wet combing is an effective nonpharmacologic treatment option. Finding pubic lice should prompt an evaluation for other sexually transmitted infections. Body lice infestation should be suspected when a patient with poor hygiene presents with pruritus. Washing affected clothing and bedding is essential if lice infestation is found, but no other environmental decontamination is necessary. Scabies in adults is recognized as a pruritic, papular rash with excoriations in a typical distribution pattern. In infants, children, and immunocompromised adults, the rash also can be vesicular, pustular, or nodular. First-line treatment of scabies is topical permethrin 5% cream. Clothing and bedding of persons with scabies should be washed in hot water and dried in a hot dryer.
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Bedding and Linens; Clothing; Drug Combinations; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Insecticides; Ivermectin; Laundering; Lice Infestations; Macrolides; Permethrin; Pruritus; Pyrethrins; Scabies; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 23062045
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Scabies
PubMed: 33657012
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1334