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Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2015
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Humans; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 25634913
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu188 -
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Sep 2014Appropriate biological treatment and psychosocial support are essential to achieve and maintain recovery for patients with schizophrenia. Despite extensive efforts to... (Review)
Review
Appropriate biological treatment and psychosocial support are essential to achieve and maintain recovery for patients with schizophrenia. Despite extensive efforts to clarify the underlying disease mechanisms, the main cause and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain unclear. This is due in large part to disease heterogeneity, which results in biochemical differences within a single disease entity. Other factors include variability across clinical symptoms and disease course, along with varied risk factors and treatment responses. Although schizophrenia's positive symptoms are largely managed through treatment with atypical antipsychotics, new classes of drugs are needed to address the unmet medical need for improving cognitive dysfunction and promoting recovery of negative symptoms in these patients. Accumulation of toxic reactive dicarbonyls, such as methylglyoxal, are typical indicators of carbonyl stress, and result in the modification of proteins and the formation of advanced glycation end products, such as pentosidine. In June 2010, we reported on idiopathic carbonyl stress in a subpopulation of schizophrenia patients, leading to a failure of metabolic systems with plasma pentosidine accumulation and serum pyridoxal depletion. Our findings suggest two markers, pentosidine and pyridoxal, as beneficial for distinguishing a specific subgroup of schizophrenics. We believe that this information, derived from in vitro and in vivo studies, is beneficial in the search for personalized and hopefully more effective treatment regimens in schizophrenia. Here, we define a subtype of schizophrenia based on carbonyl stress and the potential for using carbonyl stress as a biomarker in the challenge of overcoming heterogeneity in schizophrenia treatment.
Topics: Arginine; Biomarkers; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Lysine; Mutation; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Pyridoxal; Pyridoxamine; Schizophrenia; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 24995521
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12216 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2018
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 29429473
DOI: No ID Found -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Apr 2011
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 21401910
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00250.x -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Nov 2011Schizophrenia remains a major challenge for psychiatry. One hundred years after the publication of Eugen Bleuler's monograph, we are still debating the nosology and... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia remains a major challenge for psychiatry. One hundred years after the publication of Eugen Bleuler's monograph, we are still debating the nosology and mechanisms of schizophrenia. We have stalled in the development of more effective treatments, after success with the introduction of antipsychotic medication. Cure and prevention remain in the distance. This article reviews the importance of Bleuler's monograph for the neuroscientific exploration of schizophrenia. While Bleuler assumed that schizophrenia has a neural basis, he remained agnostic on possible mechanisms and skeptical about the value of pathological diagnosis. He preferred psychological understanding over neural explanation. He gave hope by making schizophrenia dimensional and less predictive of course and outcome. To make progress now, we need to redefine schizophrenia at the level of the brain.
Topics: Humans; Neurobiology; Psychology; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 21873614
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr108 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jan 2014The high societal and individual cost of schizophrenia necessitates finding better, more effective treatment, diagnosis, and prevention strategies. One of the obstacles... (Review)
Review
The high societal and individual cost of schizophrenia necessitates finding better, more effective treatment, diagnosis, and prevention strategies. One of the obstacles in this endeavor is the diverse set of etiologies that comprises schizophrenia. A substantial body of evidence has grown over the last few decades to suggest that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous syndrome with overlapping symptoms and etiologies. At the same time, an increasing number of clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have shown links between schizophrenia and inflammatory conditions. In this review, we analyze the literature on inflammation and schizophrenia, with a particular focus on comorbidity, biomarkers, and environmental insults. We then identify several mechanisms by which inflammation could influence the development of schizophrenia via the two-hit hypothesis. Lastly, we note the relevance of these findings to clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Comorbidity; Humans; Inflammation; Models, Immunological; Models, Neurological; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 24247023
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.006 -
Psychiatria Polska Dec 2022The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders refer to the same dimensions of mental functioning, except for the... (Review)
Review
The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders refer to the same dimensions of mental functioning, except for the presence of typical psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (hallucinations, delusions and catatonic behaviours). Since schizophrenia is a psychosis with a predominantly chronic course, with exacerbations and steady course periods, a simultaneous diagnosis of personality disorders, which are also "permanent" in nature, and a significant part of which affect the same areas of mental functioning, in the same patient is at least controversial. Although therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia are mainly based on pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and work with the patient's family are also important. Since pharmacotherapy is virtually ineffective for personality disorders, psychotherapy is the main form of management. This however does not constitute a justification for a simultaneous use of these two diagnoses in the same patient.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Psychotic Disorders; Hallucinations; Personality Disorders; Comorbidity; Delusions
PubMed: 37098191
DOI: 10.12740/PP/144112 -
Neuroscience Research Jan 2017Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 0.7%. Despite its relatively low prevalence, the onset of... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 0.7%. Despite its relatively low prevalence, the onset of schizophrenia usually occurs early in life, resulting in a severe lifelong disability for patients and increasing the economic and care burden on their families. This makes schizophrenia one of the most catastrophic mental illnesses. Although the etiology of schizophrenia remains poorly understood, clinical, genetic, and pharmacological studies have indicated that its pathophysiology involves synaptic disturbances. Here, I review the evidence suggesting synaptic disturbance as the causal pathophysiology of schizophrenia and discuss the possible application of synaptic intervention as a novel therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Schizophrenia; Synapses; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 27633835
DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.09.001 -
JMIR MHealth and UHealth Apr 2022Schizophrenia affects 1% of the world population and is associated with a reduction in life expectancy of 20 years. The increasing prevalence of both consumer technology... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia affects 1% of the world population and is associated with a reduction in life expectancy of 20 years. The increasing prevalence of both consumer technology and clinical-grade wearable technology offers new metrics to guide clinical decision-making remotely and in real time. Herein, recent literature is reviewed to determine the potential utility of wearables in schizophrenia, including their utility in diagnosis, first-episode psychosis, and relapse prevention and their acceptability to patients. Several studies have further confirmed the validity of various devices in their ability to track sleep-an especially useful metric in schizophrenia, as sleep disturbances may be predictive of disease onset or the acute worsening of psychotic symptoms. Through machine learning, wearable-obtained heart rate and motor activity were used to differentiate between controls and patients with schizophrenia. Wearables can capture the autonomic dysregulation that has been detected when patients are actively experiencing paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions. Multiple platforms are currently being researched, such as Health Outcomes Through Positive Engagement and Self-Empowerment, Mobile Therapeutic Attention for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia, and Sleepsight, that may ultimately link patient data to clinicians. The future is bright for wearables in schizophrenia, as the recent literature exemplifies their potential to offer real-time insights to guide diagnosis and management.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Secondary Prevention; Sleep; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 35389361
DOI: 10.2196/35600 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jul 2017
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 28575442
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx054