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Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2014A patient with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) had a plaque of the scrotum surgically removed. Histology and immunohistochemistry was consistent with primary EMPD....
A patient with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) had a plaque of the scrotum surgically removed. Histology and immunohistochemistry was consistent with primary EMPD. EMPD is a rare intraepidermal neoplasia mostly confined to regions of the skin with apocrine sweat glands. Clinical features include red plaques, which often will be mistakenly diagnosed as an infection or a rash. The treatment is surgical.
Topics: Aged; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Male; Paget Disease, Extramammary; Scrotum
PubMed: 25350144
DOI: No ID Found -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2014The objective of this review is to study the role of the gubernaculum in the testicular migration process during the human fetal period. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review is to study the role of the gubernaculum in the testicular migration process during the human fetal period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a descriptive review of the literature about the role of the gubernaculum in testicular migration during the human fetal period.
RESULTS
In the first phase of testicular migration, the gubernaculum enlarges to hold the testis near the groin and in the second phase the gubernaculum migrates across the pubic region to reach the scrotum. The proximal portion of the gubernaculum is attached to the testis and epididymis and the presence of multiple insertions in the distal gubernaculum is extremely rare. The presence of muscle and nerves in the human gubernaculum is very poor. The gubernaculum of patients with cryptorchidism has more fibrous tissue and less collagen and when the patients are submitted to hormonal treatment, the gubernaculum components alter significantly.
CONCLUSIONS
The gubernaculum presents significant structural modifications during testicular migration in human fetuses.
Topics: Collagen; Cryptorchidism; Fetal Development; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Male; Scrotum; Testis
PubMed: 25615240
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2014.06.02 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Jun 2018Several structural and functional features keep bull testes 2°C to 6°C below body temperature, essential for the production of morphologically normal, motile and... (Review)
Review
Several structural and functional features keep bull testes 2°C to 6°C below body temperature, essential for the production of morphologically normal, motile and fertile sperm. The testicular vascular cone (TVC), located above the testis, consists of a highly coiled testicular artery surrounded by a complex network of small veins (pampiniform plexus). The TVC functions as a counter-current heat exchanger to transfer heat from the testicular artery to the testicular vein, cooling blood before it enters the testis. Bulls with increased TVC diameter or decreased distance between arterial and venous blood, have a greater percentage of morphologically normal sperm. Both the scrotum and testes are warmest at the origin of their blood supply (top of scrotum and bottom of testis), but they are cooler distal to that point. In situ, these opposing temperature gradients result in a nearly uniform testicular temperature (top to bottom), cooler than body temperature. The major source of testicular heat is blood flow, not testicular metabolism. High ambient temperatures have less deleterious effects on spermatogenesis in Bos indicus v. Bos taurus bulls; differences in TVC morphology in B. indicus bulls confer a better testicular blood supply and promote heat transfer. There is a long-standing paradigm that testes operate on the brink of hypoxia, increased testicular temperature does not increase blood flow, and the resulting hypoxia reduces morphologically normal and motile sperm following testicular hyperthermia. However, in recent studies in rams, either systemic hypoxia or increased testicular temperature increased testicular blood flow and there were sufficient increases in oxygen uptake to prevent tissue hypoxia. Therefore, effects of increased testicular temperature were attributed to testicular temperature per se and not to secondary hypoxia. There are many causes of increased testicular temperature, including high ambient temperatures, fever, increased recumbency, high-energy diets, or experimental insulation of the scrotum or the scrotal neck. It is well known that increased testicular temperatures have adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Heat affects all germ cells and all stages of spermatogenesis, with substantial increases in temperature and/or extended intervals of increased testicular temperature having the most profound effects. Increased testicular temperature has adverse effects on percentages of motile, live and morphologically normal sperm. In particular, increased testicular temperature increases the percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology, particularly head defects. Despite differences among bulls in the kind and percentage of abnormal sperm, the interval from increased testicular temperature to the emergence of specific sperm defects is consistent and predictable. Scrotal surface temperatures and structural characteristics of the testis and TVC can be assessed with IR thermography and ultrasonography, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Cattle; Male; Scrotum; Semen; Semen Analysis; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Testis
PubMed: 29882506
DOI: 10.1017/S1751731118001167 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... Jul 2018Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the scrotum represents a useful supplemental imaging technique in the characterization of scrotal masses, particularly recommended in... (Review)
Review
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the scrotum represents a useful supplemental imaging technique in the characterization of scrotal masses, particularly recommended in cases of nondiagnostic ultrasonographic findings. An accurate characterization of the benign nature of scrotal masses, including both intratesticular and paratesticular ones may improve patient management and decrease the number of unnecessary radical surgical procedures. Alternative treatment strategies, including follow-up, lesion biopsy, tumor enucleation, or organ sparing surgery may be recommended. The aim of this pictorial review is to present how MRI helps in the characterization of sonographically indeterminate scrotal masses and to emphasize the key MRI features of benign scrotal masses.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Scrotum; Testicular Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30091713
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2018.17400 -
Annals of Emergency Medicine Jan 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Genital Diseases, Male; Scrotum; Edema
PubMed: 36543494
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.001 -
German Medical Science : GMS E-journal 2021Neonatal scrotal hematoma is considered a surgical emergency in the neonatal period. Up to recently, immediate surgical exploration was considered the gold standard for...
Neonatal scrotal hematoma is considered a surgical emergency in the neonatal period. Up to recently, immediate surgical exploration was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment in the underlying causes. In this article, we present a case of idiopathic scrotal hematoma in a neonate. It was managed conservatively with clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up. The hematoma had gradually subsided, and any surgical intervention was avoided to the neonate. With good clinical and imaging follow-up, some cases could be managed nonoperatively.
Topics: Genital Diseases, Male; Hematoma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Scrotum
PubMed: 33642965
DOI: 10.3205/000288 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2021
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Calcinosis; Humans; Male; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Scrotum; Skin Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 34491687
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_274_2021 -
International Wound Journal Aug 2013Trauma to the genital region and perineum can leave behind lifelong sequelae and pose significant challenges to surgeons in the restoration of functional ability and... (Review)
Review
Trauma to the genital region and perineum can leave behind lifelong sequelae and pose significant challenges to surgeons in the restoration of functional ability and aesthetic status. Effective methods and techniques are indispensable during the treatment period. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a widely accepted technique that is becoming a commonplace treatment in many clinical settings. The purpose of this case report was to introduce the efficacy of the concurrent usage of NPWT and split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) in the reconstruction of genital injuries. A man suffered a traffic accident that caused necrosis of the scrotum and penis associated with a severe infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacea. After debridement, we adopted NPWT during the postoperative dressing changes and the application of meshed STSG. The outcomes showed that combination of NPWT and split-thickness skin grafts is safe, well-tolerated and efficient in the reconstruction of penoscrotal defects. This could be a versatile tool for reconstruction after perineal and penoscrotal trauma.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Male; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Penis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Risk Assessment; Scrotum; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Mesh; Surgical Wound Infection; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 22672131
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.00997.x -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Oct 2023Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is formation of calcium deposits in the dermal layers of the scrotum. It results in the formation of single or multiple nodular...
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is formation of calcium deposits in the dermal layers of the scrotum. It results in the formation of single or multiple nodular calcifications that vary in size and number. First reported in 1883, this condition is common in the third decade of life. The presenting complaints range from disfigurement to itching, leading to decreased quality of life. The diagnosis is usually made on a clinical basis and can be confirmed by the histopathology of the excised nodules. Surgical removal of the nodules is the generally recommended treatment. The surgery aims to eradicate the nodules leaving the scrotal skin enough for scrotoplasty. We present a case of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis in a 37 years old male who came for radiological examination.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Genital Diseases, Male; Quality of Life; Scrotum; Pruritus; Calcinosis
PubMed: 37876077
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.6997 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Nov 2017Scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign condition. It usually gives rise to few symptoms, and the impact is mainly functional and aesthetic. It is considered part of...
BACKGROUND
Scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign condition. It usually gives rise to few symptoms, and the impact is mainly functional and aesthetic. It is considered part of dystrophic calcinosis cutis. Surgical management is the only curative approach, and recurrence has been described in few cases.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report cases of two North African white patients with operated scrotal calcinosis. We describe the clinical and histological aspects as well as a pathogenic hypothesis and surgical management principles.
CONCLUSIONS
A surgical approach to scrotal calcinosis must consider the aesthetic and functional aspects postoperatively. A complete excision prevents recurrence. Psychological support is required in association with surgery because the lesions are benign and concern an intimate part of the body.
Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Coitus; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Scrotum; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29101926
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1451-8