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P & T : a Peer-reviewed Journal For... Jun 2010Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterized by scaling and poorly defined erythematous patches. It may be associated with...
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterized by scaling and poorly defined erythematous patches. It may be associated with pruritus, and it primarily affects sebum-rich areas, such as the scalp, face, upper chest, and back. Although its pathogenesis is not completely understood, some postulate that the condition results from colonization of the skin of affected individuals with species of the genus Malassezia (formerly, Pityrosporum). A variety of treatment modalities are available, including eradication of the fungus, reducing or treating the inflammatory process, and decreasing sebum production.
PubMed: 20592880
DOI: No ID Found -
The Indian Journal of Surgery Jun 2011Omphalolith (Umbolith) is uncommon under normal circumstances. However in a deeply retracted umbilicus in an obese individual, accumulation of sebum and keratin may lead...
Omphalolith (Umbolith) is uncommon under normal circumstances. However in a deeply retracted umbilicus in an obese individual, accumulation of sebum and keratin may lead to the formation of a stone. This calculus may remain undiagnosed for many years until revealed by secondary infection or ulceration.We report an intersting case of omphalolith in an elderly woman.
PubMed: 22654343
DOI: 10.1007/s12262-010-0143-z -
International Journal of Women's... Mar 2017Given the complexities of the transitioning process, transgender individuals may face unique dermatologic needs in addition to routine care. Exogenous hormones affect...
Given the complexities of the transitioning process, transgender individuals may face unique dermatologic needs in addition to routine care. Exogenous hormones affect hair and sebum production, gender-confirming surgeries often require dermatologic pre- and postoperative interventions, and postoperative anatomy may show unique presentations of routine skin conditions. Aesthetic techniques that are often used for rejuvenation may have a role in facial feminization and masculinization and unfortunately are too frequently performed by nonmedical personnel with negative consequences. Ultimately, physicians should strive to make their office a more accommodating environment for transgender individuals.
PubMed: 28492057
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.11.007 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Aug 2023In aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when...
Microtoxin for Improving Pore Size, Skin Laxity, Sebum Control, and Scars: A Roundtable on Integrating Intradermal Botulinum Toxin Type A Microdoses Into Clinical Practice.
BACKGROUND
In aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when injected intradermally as microdroplets, BoNT-A can improve skin quality and overall skin appearance.
OBJECTIVES
To discuss key aspects of microtoxin use in clinical practice and provide expert guidance on utilization.
METHODS
As part of a continuing medical education lecture series and roundtable, the authors discussed key aspects of microtoxin patient selection, injection technique, and safety.
RESULTS
The experiences of expert faculty are shared here. Clinical experience is consistent with reported data. Microtoxin can be used to reduce pore size, sebum production, rosacea, acne, and fine lines, and to improve jawline and neck definition. Intradermal injection can also be employed for the improvement of transverse neck lines as well as for the safe prevention and management of scars and keloids.
CONCLUSIONS
Expanding the use of BoNT-A, a predictable, minimally invasive, and affordable treatment to address commonly encountered complaints is appealing. The authors have found that making patients aware of microtoxin as a treatment option results in an increased interest in and utilization of BoNT-A, and high satisfaction among appropriately selected patients.
Topics: Humans; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Sebum; Skin; Injections, Intradermal; Keloid
PubMed: 36857534
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad044 -
Dermato-endocrinology 2017The major role of sebaceous glands in mammals is to produce sebum, which coats the epidermis and the hair providing waterproofing, thermoregulation and photoprotection.... (Review)
Review
The major role of sebaceous glands in mammals is to produce sebum, which coats the epidermis and the hair providing waterproofing, thermoregulation and photoprotection. However, as the need for these functions decreased along the evolutionary changes in humans, a relevant question has been raised: are sebaceous glands and sebum the remnants of our mammalian heritage or do they have overtaken a far more complex role in human skin biology? Trying to provide answers to this question, this review introduces the evolving field of sebaceous immunobiology and puts into the focus the pathways that sebum lipids use to influence the immune milieu of the skin. By introducing possible modifiers of sebaceous lipogenesis and discussing the - human-specific - alterations in composition and amount of sebum, the attribute of sebum as a sensitive tool, which is capable of translating multiple signalling pathways into the dermal micro environment is presented. Further their interaction with macrophages and keratinocytes involves sebum lipid fractions into disease pathogenesis, which could lead - on the other side - to the development of novel sebum-based therapeutic strategies.
PubMed: 29484100
DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1375636 -
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 2022The process by which drugs leave the bloodstream to enter the skin compartments is important in determining appropriate routes of delivery and developing more... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The process by which drugs leave the bloodstream to enter the skin compartments is important in determining appropriate routes of delivery and developing more efficacious medications. We conducted a general literature review on percutaneous egression mechanisms.
SUMMARY
Studies demonstrate that the stratum corneum (SC) is a compartment for systemically delivered drugs. Upon reviewing the available literature, it became apparent that there may be multiple mechanisms of percutaneous egression dependent upon drug physiochemical properties. These mechanisms include, but are not limited to, desquamation, sebum secretion, sweat transport, and passive diffusion. While drugs often utilize one major pathway, it is possible that all mechanisms may play a role to varying extents.
KEY MESSAGES
Available literature suggests that hydrophilic substances tended to travel from blood to the upper layers of the skin via sweat, whereas lipophilic substances utilized sebum secretion to reach the SC. Upon reaching the skin surface, the drugs spread laterally before penetrating back into the skin as if they were topically administered. More data are warranted to identify additional percutaneous egression mechanisms, precise drug action sites, and accelerate drug development.
Topics: Diffusion; Epidermis
PubMed: 35325893
DOI: 10.1159/000523795 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2016Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods including nuts, fruits, vegetables, chocolate, wine, and tea. Polyphenols have antimicrobial,... (Review)
Review
Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods including nuts, fruits, vegetables, chocolate, wine, and tea. Polyphenols have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Recent studies suggest that tea polyphenols may be used for reducing sebum production in the skin and for treatment of acne vulgaris. This review examines the evidence for use of topically and orally ingested tea polyphenols against sebum production and for acne treatment and prevention. The PubMed database was searched for studies on tea polyphenols, sebum secretion, and acne vulgaris. Of the 59 studies found, eight met the inclusion criteria. Two studies evaluated tea polyphenol effects on sebum production; six studies examined tea polyphenol effects on acne vulgaris. Seven studies evaluated topical tea polyphenols; one study examined systemic tea polyphenols. None of the studies evaluated both topical and systemic tea polyphenols. Tea polyphenol sources included green tea (six studies) and tea, type not specified (two studies). Overall, there is some evidence that tea polyphenols in topical formulation may be beneficial in reducing sebum secretion and in treatment of acne. Research studies of high quality and with large sample sizes are needed to assess the efficacy of tea polyphenols in topical and oral prevention of acne vulgaris and lipid synthesis by the sebaceous glands.
PubMed: 28036057
DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010002 -
Dermato-endocrinology Mar 2009The principal activity of mature sebaceous glands is producing and secreting sebum, which is a complex mixture of lipids. Sebum composition is different among species...
The principal activity of mature sebaceous glands is producing and secreting sebum, which is a complex mixture of lipids. Sebum composition is different among species and this difference is probably due to the function that sebum has to absolve. In human sebum there are unique lipids, such as squalene and wax esters not found anywhere else in the body nor among the epidermal surface lipids. Moreover, they correspond to major components supplying the skin with protection. However, the ultimate role of human sebum, as well the metabolic pathways regulating its composition and secretion rate, are far from a complete understanding. Increased sebum secretion is considered, among all features, the major one involved in the pathophysiology of acne. Along with increased sebum secretion rate, quali- and quantitative modifications of sebum are likely to occur in this pathology. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that regulate sebum production is needed in order to identify new targets that can be addressed to achieve a selective modulation of lipid biosynthesis as a novel therapeutic strategy to correct lipid disregulations in acne and other disorders of the pilosebaceous unit.
PubMed: 20224686
DOI: 10.4161/derm.1.2.8472 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2010Multiple factors are involved in acne pathogenesis, and sebum secretion is one of the main ones. The role sebum plays in acne development has not been completely... (Review)
Review
Multiple factors are involved in acne pathogenesis, and sebum secretion is one of the main ones. The role sebum plays in acne development has not been completely elucidated yet; however, increasing amounts of data seem to confirm the presence of alterations in sebum from acne patients. Altered ratio between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids has been indicated as an important feature to be considered in addition to the altered amount of specific fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Furthermore, particular attention has been focused on squalene peroxide that seems to be able to induce an inflammatory response beyond cytotoxicity and comedones formation. Moreover, recent data suggest that lipid mediators are able to interfere with sebocytes differentiation and sebogenesis through the activation of pathways related to peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that regulate sebum production is needed in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies for acne treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cell Differentiation; Fatty Acids; Humans; Inflammation; Lipid Metabolism; Molecular Structure; Oxidative Stress; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum
PubMed: 20871834
DOI: 10.1155/2010/858176