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Journal of Experimental Child Psychology Apr 2021Did I make that sound? Differentiating whether sensory events are caused by us or the environment is pivotal for our sense of agency. Adults can predict the sensory...
Did I make that sound? Differentiating whether sensory events are caused by us or the environment is pivotal for our sense of agency. Adults can predict the sensory effects of their actions, which results in attenuated processing of self-produced events compared with externally generated events. Yet, little is known about whether young infants predict and discriminate self-produced events from externally produced events. Using electroencephalography (EEG), 3-month-olds' neural response to the same audiovisual stimulus was compared between a Self-produced condition and externally generated conditions with predictable timing (External-Regular) and irregular timing (External-Irregular). We hypothesized that if 3-month-olds predict self-produced events, their event-related potentials should be smallest for the Self-produced condition, strongest for the External-Irregular condition, and in between for the External-Regular condition. Cluster-based permutation tests indicated a more positive deflection (300-470 ms) for irregular stimuli compared with regular stimuli over the vertex. Contrasting the Self-produced and External-Irregular conditions showed a statistical trend within the same time window. Although not fully conclusive, this might suggest the emerging differentiation between self-produced and less predictable external events. However, there was no statistical evidence that infants differentiated self-produced events from temporally predictable external events. Our findings shed light on the emerging sense of agency and suggest that 3-month-olds are transitioning toward predicting and discriminating the consequences of their actions.
Topics: Auditory Perception; Discrimination, Psychological; Ego; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Infant; Internal-External Control; Male; Sound; Time Factors
PubMed: 33341016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105039 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Oct 2022Undergraduate, professional education in midwifery is essential. Teaching professional knowledge while guiding students to develop positive career values is one of the...
CONTEXT
Undergraduate, professional education in midwifery is essential. Teaching professional knowledge while guiding students to develop positive career values is one of the tasks of midwifery educators. Studies in China have shown that the stronger the ego-identity of students, the stronger their professional identities will be.
OBJECTIVE
The study intended to investigate the occupational self-efficacy and ego-identity of midwifery students, to analyze the correlation between the two characteristics, and to explore the factors influencing their occupational self-efficacy.
DESIGN
The research team designed a cross-sectional survey.
SETTING
The study took place at Taizhou University in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
PARTICIPANTS
Participants were 232 full-time, undergraduate, midwifery students at the university. Selection of participants occurred between November 2018 and December 2018.
OUTCOME MEASURES
The cross-sectional survey included a demographic questionnaire, a career self-efficacy questionnaire, and a ego-identity status..
RESULTS
For the students: (1) the mean career self-efficacy of the midwifery students was 3.34 ± 0.58, at a moderate level; (2) the mean overall ego-identity score was 47.44 ± 5.92; 189 (81.47%) of students were those who hadn't yet formed a ego-identity (identity-diffusion status). The multiple gradual regression showed that present self-engagement; per-capita, monthly household income; and midwifery as the first choice of major were the main factors affecting the self-efficacy of midwifery students.
CONCLUSIONS
The occupational self-efficacy and ego-identity of midwifery students urgently need improvement, and ego-identity has a predictive value for occupational self-efficacy.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Ego; Female; Humans; Midwifery; Pregnancy; Self Efficacy; Students, Nursing; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35839112
DOI: No ID Found -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Jul 2023Such is the power of self-relevance, it has been argued that even arbitrary stimuli (e.g., shapes, lines, colors) with no prior personal connection are privileged during...
Such is the power of self-relevance, it has been argued that even arbitrary stimuli (e.g., shapes, lines, colors) with no prior personal connection are privileged during information processing following their association with the self (i.e., self-prioritization). This prioritization effect, moreover, is deemed to be stimulus driven (i.e., automatic), grounded in perception, and supported by specialized processing operations. Here, however, we scrutinize these claims and challenge this viewpoint. Although self-relevance unquestionably influences information processing, we contend that, at least at present, there is limited evidence to suggest that the prioritization of arbitrary self-related stimuli is compulsory, penetrates perception, and is underpinned by activity in a dedicated neural network. Rather, self-prioritization appears to be a task-dependent product of ordinary cognitive processes.
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Ego
PubMed: 36356105
DOI: 10.1177/17456916221131273 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021As an important influencing factor of construction workers' safety performance, safety stressor has received increasing attention. However, no consensus has been reached...
As an important influencing factor of construction workers' safety performance, safety stressor has received increasing attention. However, no consensus has been reached on the relationship between different types of safety stressors and the subdimensions of safety performance, and the mechanism by which safety stressors influence safety performance remains unclear. This study proposed a multiple mediation model with ego depletion and self-efficacy as mediators between safety stressors and workers' safety performance. Data were collected from 335 construction workers in China. Results demonstrated that: (1) the three types of safety stressors (i.e., safety role ambiguity, safety role conflict, and interpersonal safety conflict) all had negative effects on workers' safety performance (i.e., safety compliance and safety participation); (2) self-efficacy mediated all the relationships between the three safety stressors and safety performance; (3) ego depletion only mediated part of the relationships between the three safety stressors and safety performance; and (4) only part of the multiple-step mediating effects through ego depletion and self-efficacy were supported. This study made contributions by shedding light on the mechanism by which safety stressors influence workers' safety performance and providing more empirical evidence for the relationship between various safety stressors and the subdimensions of safety performance. Additionally, targeted strategies for improving workers' safety performance were proposed according to the findings.
PubMed: 35111115
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.818955 -
Consciousness and Cognition Mar 2011This paper presents a review of studies that were aimed at determining which brain regions are recruited during visual self-recognition, with a particular focus on... (Review)
Review
This paper presents a review of studies that were aimed at determining which brain regions are recruited during visual self-recognition, with a particular focus on self-face recognition. A complex bilateral network, involving frontal, parietal and occipital areas, appears to be associated with self-face recognition, with a particularly high implication of the right hemisphere. Results indicate that it remains difficult to determine which specific cognitive operation is reflected by each recruited brain area, in part due to the variability of used control stimuli and experimental tasks. A synthesis of the interpretations provided by previous studies is presented. The relevance of using self-recognition as an indicator of self-awareness is discussed. We argue that a major aim of future research in the field should be to identify more clearly the cognitive operations induced by the perception of the self-face, and search for dissociations between neural correlates and cognitive components.
Topics: Awareness; Brain; Brain Mapping; Ego; Face; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 20880722
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.007 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jul 2018Selfhood is linked to brain processes that enable the experience of a person as a distinct entity, capable of agency. This framework naturally incorporates a continuum... (Review)
Review
Selfhood is linked to brain processes that enable the experience of a person as a distinct entity, capable of agency. This framework naturally incorporates a continuum of both non-conscious and conscious self-related information processing, and includes a hierarchy of components, such as awareness of existence (core self), embodied self (sentience), executive self (agency/volition), and various other higher-order cognitive processes. Consciousness relates to, but is not congruent, with selfhood; understanding the processes required for selfhood can explain the partial consciousness seen in anaesthesia. Functional-brain-imaging and electroencephalographic studies in sleep and general anaesthesia have shown differential effects of anaesthetic drugs on various specific self-related functional brain networks. In particular, drug-induced selective impairment of anterior insula function suggests there might be a crucial difference between anaesthesia and natural sleep when it comes to the salience network. With increasing concentrations of anaesthetics, it is not uncommon for patients to become depersonalised (i.e. to lose sentience and agency), but retain many higher-order functions and a disembodied self-awareness, until quite high concentrations are reached. In this respect, general anaesthesia differs significantly from physiological sleep, where it appears that loss of agency and sentience parallels, or lags behind, the decrease in self-awareness. Interestingly, connectivity within the posterior brain regions is maintained even to quite high concentrations of anaesthetics, potentially representing a pathognomonic marker of the core self that possibly is involved in maintaining a reduced energy state of homeostasis.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Brain Mapping; Ego; Electroencephalography; Humans; Neuroimaging; Wakefulness
PubMed: 29935577
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.12.038 -
PloS One 2022We study how individuals' effort contribution to a team production task varies depending on whether the task is ego relevant or not. We conduct an experiment to test the...
We study how individuals' effort contribution to a team production task varies depending on whether the task is ego relevant or not. We conduct an experiment to test the effect of ego-relevance when the team production depends on the team's top- or bottom-performer. Ego-relevance is manipulated by calling the Raven IQ Test an "IQ Task" or a "Pattern Task." We find that the effort contributed to the task is affected by ego-relevance and the impact of the team production function on effort contribution is mediated by the teammate's expected effort contribution. Ego-relevance increases the responsiveness to the teammate's expected effort contributions. Similarly, more responsive behavior is noticeable when the team production depends on the bottom-performer. However, we do not observe interaction-effects between ego-relevance and the team production function that affect effort contributions.
Topics: Humans; Ego
PubMed: 36542636
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279391 -
The American Journal of Bioethics : AJOB 2005
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Behavior Control; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Ego; Empirical Research; Ethical Analysis; Ethical Theory; Existentialism; Humans; Parents; Personal Autonomy
PubMed: 16006349
DOI: 10.1080/15265160591002863 -
Journal of Cardiology Oct 2021The psychological characteristics of ego functions interfere with self-care behavior in several diseases. However, the effect of ego functions on self-care behavior...
BACKGROUND
The psychological characteristics of ego functions interfere with self-care behavior in several diseases. However, the effect of ego functions on self-care behavior after education in heart failure (HF) remains unclear.
METHODS
Seventy-one HF patients were enrolled. Patients' scores on the Japanese version of the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) were measured before and after the HF intervention, and the rate of change was used as an indicator of educational effectiveness. The Tokyo University Egogram New Ver. II was used to assess five types of ego state functions: Critical parent, Nurturing parent, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child (AC).
RESULTS
A comparison of the five ego states showed that AC scores were significantly lower than those of the other ego states (p < 0.01). Total EHFScBS scores significantly decreased from 33 (26-39) to 16 (14-20) (p < 0.01) after the HF education, and the median rates of change in EHFScBS was -46.2%. Patients with a lower rate of change in EHFScBS were more likely to have low AC scores, as characterized by a lack of compliance and coordination, and were less likely to receive higher education (all p < 0.05). Even after adjustment for covariates, low AC scores were independently associated with low rate of change in EHFScBS (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Educational behavior change for self-care is less effective in HF patients with an ego state with low AC.
Topics: Adult; Child; Ego; Health Behavior; Heart Failure; Humans; Self Care; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34090754
DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.05.006 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Self-management in patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) can effectively delay damage to renal function. However, with the continuous spread of COVID-19,...
Influence of positive and negative affect on self-management among patients with early chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating and suppressing effect of ego depletion.
BACKGROUND
Self-management in patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) can effectively delay damage to renal function. However, with the continuous spread of COVID-19, patients cannot receive timely treatment, which can lead to different affects, resulting in ego depletion and serious challenges to self-management. This study aimed to investigate the mediating and suppressing roles of ego depletion on the relationship between positive and negative affect and self-management among patients with early CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
METHODS
A total of 383 patients with early CKD from three tertiary hospitals were enrolled by convenience sampling in our cross-sectional study from September 2021 to March 2022. Participants completed the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, Self-Regulating Fatigue Scale and Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Management Instrument. A structural equation model was conducted to test the mediating and suppressing effects of ego depletion on the relationship between positive and negative affect and self-management.
RESULTS
The average score of the participants' self-management was 84.54 (SD: 19.72), and nearly 60% of them were at low and moderate levels. The mediating effect of positive affect on self-management through ego depletion was significant (β = 0.248, 95% CI: 0.170 to 0.376), accounting for 53.22% of the total effect. The suppressing effect of negative affect on self-management through ego depletion was significant (β = -0.191, 95% CI: -0.310 to -0.118), and the absolute value of the ratio of the suppressing effect to the direct effect was 66.55%.
CONCLUSIONS
Ego depletion partially mediated the relationship between positive affect and self-management while suppressing the relationship between negative affect and self-management among patients with early CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduction of patients' ego depletion must be taken as the intervention target to improve self-management and delay the progression of CKD.
PubMed: 36245863
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.992404