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International Journal of Public Health 2022Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise, and lifestyle in the late adolescent population. Systematic review of studies assessing the results by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, the Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, and the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaires in late adolescents. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. The CASPe quality-check system was applied, excluding articles with a score <8. 1589 studies were found, and 69 articles were selected. Adolescents with high self-concept and self-perception tend to be emotionally stable, sociable, and responsible. No significant differences were found regarding self-concept and self-perception between different countries, but there were differences between men and women. Physical activity and healthy diet improve self-concept and perception of body image. Self-concept and self-perception are associated with responsibility, stability, and mental strength. Most healthy behaviours during adolescence are followed during adulthood. Socio-cultural level of Health Science students is a differential factor for overweight and obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Image; Child; Exercise; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36250150
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604954 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents,... (Review)
Review
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Body Image; Exercise; Self Concept; Personal Satisfaction; Mental Health
PubMed: 36293770
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190 -
The American Psychologist Jan 2022Debates about the benefits of self-esteem have persisted for decades, both in the scientific literature and in the popular press. Although many researchers and lay... (Review)
Review
Debates about the benefits of self-esteem have persisted for decades, both in the scientific literature and in the popular press. Although many researchers and lay people have argued that high self-esteem helps individuals adapt to and succeed in a variety of life domains, there is widespread skepticism about this claim. The present article takes a new look at the voluminous body of research (including several meta-analyses) examining the consequences of self-esteem for several important life domains: relationships, school, work, mental health, physical health, and antisocial behavior. Overall, the findings suggest that self-esteem is beneficial in all these domains, and that these benefits hold across age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and controlling for prior levels of the predicted outcomes and potential third variable confounds. The meta-analytic estimates of self-esteem effects (which average .10 across domains) are comparable in size to estimates for other hypothesized causal factors such as self-efficacy, positive emotionality, attachment security, and growth mindset, and larger than some generally accepted pharmaceutical interventions. Discussion focuses on several issues that are critical for evaluating the findings, including the strength of the evidence for making causal inferences, the magnitude of the effects, the importance of distinguishing between self-esteem and narcissism, and the generalizability of the results. In summary, the present findings support theoretical conceptions of self-esteem as an adaptive trait that has wide-ranging influences on healthy adjustment and adaptation, and suggest that interventions aimed at boosting self-esteem might, if properly designed and implemented, benefit individuals and society as a whole. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Health Status; Humans; Mental Health; Narcissism; Self Concept; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35357851
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000922 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide, considered a global public health problem. Among BC women, some of the most common psychological... (Review)
Review
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide, considered a global public health problem. Among BC women, some of the most common psychological symptoms in the adaptation to the disease are reduction in self-esteem and distorted body image (BI). Although there are numerous studies with the goal of promoting different psychological variables, BI and self-esteem are often separately observed despite their relationship and their importance in the process of the illness. Moreover, there have been no reviews that have synthesized the findings related to interventions aimed at enhancing both self-esteem and BI in BC women. Therefore, the objective of this review was to identify and examine the implemented interventions aimed at boosting both variables in this population. For this purpose, a systematic review was implemented following the PRISMA statement. A thorough search was performed on the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, PsychArticles, and Scopus. Among 287 records, only eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Interventions were grouped into three types according to their characteristics: Group therapies, Physical activity therapies, and Cosmetic and beauty treatments. The levels of effectiveness of the different interventions varied between them, and within each, in their impact on self-esteem and BI. More interventions focused on developing BI and self-esteem in this population are needed due to their ability to predict psychological functioning and quality of life of women with breast cancer.
Topics: Body Image; Breast Neoplasms; Exercise; Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Self Concept
PubMed: 33572137
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041640 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Aug 2012People with mental illness have long experienced prejudice and discrimination. Researchers have been able to study this phenomenon as stigma and have begun to examine... (Review)
Review
People with mental illness have long experienced prejudice and discrimination. Researchers have been able to study this phenomenon as stigma and have begun to examine ways of reducing this stigma. Public stigma is the most prominent form observed and studied, as it represents the prejudice and discrimination directed at a group by the larger population. Self-stigma occurs when people internalize these public attitudes and suffer numerous negative consequences as a result. In our article, we more fully define the concept of self-stigma and describe the negative consequences of self-stigma for people with mental illness. We also examine the advantages and disadvantages of disclosure in reducing the impact of stigma. In addition, we argue that a key to challenging self-stigma is to promote personal empowerment. Lastly, we discuss individual- and societal-level methods for reducing self-stigma, programs led by peers as well as those led by social service providers.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans; Internal-External Control; Mental Disorders; Power, Psychological; Prejudice; Self Concept; Self Disclosure; Self-Help Groups; Social Adjustment; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 22854028
DOI: 10.1177/070674371205700804 -
Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2023Self-continuity is the subjective sense of connection between one's past and present selves (past-present self-continuity), between one's present and future selves... (Review)
Review
Self-continuity is the subjective sense of connection between one's past and present selves (past-present self-continuity), between one's present and future selves (present-future self-continuity), or among one's past, present, and future selves (global self-continuity). We consider the motivational character of the three forms of self-continuity, their regulatory properties, and the internal or external factors that consolidate them. We also review their consequences for attitudes and judgments or decisions, motivation, intentions and behavior, and psychological and physical health. We further detail the psychological and behavioral benefits of self-discontinuity (i.e., a sense of disconnect among temporal selves). We next turn to the brain regions that are activated synchronously with self-continuity. We consider developmental perspectives on self-continuity, discuss collective self-continuity (along with its consequences and regulatory properties), and elaborate on cultural differences in self-continuity. This inaugural Annual Reviews chapter demonstrates the breadth, excitement, and sense of synergy among self-continuity researchers and points to promising research directions.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Self Concept
PubMed: 35961040
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-032236 -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Jan 2021Eating disorders are among the most common psychosomatic illnesses in Western societies. For some time now, the media have been blamed as one of the potential triggers... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are among the most common psychosomatic illnesses in Western societies. For some time now, the media have been blamed as one of the potential triggers of problematic eating behavior. Several studies have shown that the media convey an unrealistic ideal of beauty and that this can cause dissatisfaction with one's own body, especially among young recipients. However, two central aspects have not yet been thoroughly considered. First, there is a lack of research that focuses on people actually affected by an eating disorder and that considers the role of the media in the development, progression, and coping phase of an eating disorder. Second, there is hardly any research on how and to what extent the disease itself is addressed in the media and how such representations influence the affected group - in communication research, this is referred to as reciprocal effects. Based on previous research in this area, it can be assumed that the perception of how one's own illness is portrayed in the media can have consequences for the self-perception, well-being, and actions of ill persons. This article provides an overview of the complex role of the media in the context of an eating disorder and, above all, highlights gaps in communication research on the topic.
Topics: Body Image; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Germany; Humans; Mass Media; Self Concept
PubMed: 33277672
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03256-y -
Experimental Psychology Mar 2023Current research describes a particular component of the self-concept that influences a wide variety of cognitive processes while it depicts a rather basic component of...
Current research describes a particular component of the self-concept that influences a wide variety of cognitive processes while it depicts a rather basic component of the self-concept. However, this self seems to be anything but ; in fact, it seems to be highly functional. Based on previous findings on newly formed self-associations, we put the postulated functionality of this minimal self to another test by retesting its protection mechanisms against negative content. In a pilot experiment, we did not find an overall reduction of negative self-assignments against neutral self-assignments. However, the results indicated an initial difference (as hypothesized) between negative and neutral self-assignments, which decreases over the course of the experiment. We put this interactive effect of valence and block to test in our main experiment, which replicated the data pattern of the pilot experiment. In sum, the results indicate a mandatory integration of stimuli into the self-concept and also a reduction of the integration due to negative valence, thereby supporting a robust protection mechanism.
Topics: Humans; Self Concept
PubMed: 37309752
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000582 -
Body Image Dec 2018"Selfies" (self-taken photos) are a common self-presentation strategy on social media. This study experimentally tested whether taking and posting selfies, with and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
"Selfies" (self-taken photos) are a common self-presentation strategy on social media. This study experimentally tested whether taking and posting selfies, with and without photo-retouching, elicits changes to mood and body image among young women. Female undergraduate students (N = 110) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: taking and uploading either an untouched selfie, taking and posting a preferred and retouched selfie to social media, or a control group. State mood and body image were measured pre- and post-manipulation. As predicted, there was a main effect of experimental condition on changes to mood and feelings of physical attractiveness. Women who took and posted selfies to social media reported feeling more anxious, less confident, and less physically attractive afterwards compared to those in the control group. Harmful effects of selfies were found even when participants could retake and retouch their selfies. This is the first experimental study showing that taking and posting selfies on social media causes adverse psychological effects for women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Body Image; Emotions; Female; Humans; Photography; Self Concept; Social Media; Students; Young Adult
PubMed: 30149282
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.007 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Aug 2022Research on the effect of consumption on self-esteem is relatively scarce and related evidence is fragmented. We review articles from the literature on consumption,... (Review)
Review
Research on the effect of consumption on self-esteem is relatively scarce and related evidence is fragmented. We review articles from the literature on consumption, advertising, materialism, mass media, and social media as they relate - directly or indirectly - to consumer self-esteem. We introduce a taxonomy of eight types of processes through which consumption affects self-esteem: self-discrepancy, self-congruency, self-enhancement, self-determination, compensatory consumption, self-verification, self-object association, and market-mediated relationships. Based on this taxonomy, we highlight consumption domains and recent consumer trends that impact self-esteem. Moreover, we suggest priorities for further research.
Topics: Humans; Self Concept; Social Media
PubMed: 35436693
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101341