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Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2023Studies focusing on self-perception of one's body usually cover subjects with eating disorders. There is a lack of similar studies.
INTRODUCTION
Studies focusing on self-perception of one's body usually cover subjects with eating disorders. There is a lack of similar studies.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Conducting survey research on self-assessment and self-perception of one's own body in girls.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A survey was conducted in 1047 female students (average age: 18 years ±0.25) focusing on self-assessment and self-perception of their body mass, body parts, and eating habits. The study subjects were divided into groups of normal weight, obese, and underweight according to their BMI and BMI-SDS.
RESULTS
There were twice as many girls dissatisfied with their body weight in the underweight group and 10 times as many in the obese group. 8% of girls with normal body weight perceived their body as overweight. 70% of subjects with a normal body weight and ca. 25% of obese thought they were obese in the area of the abdomen, hips, buttocks, and thighs. Fear of gaining weight was characteristic most often for girls with abnormal body weight who confessed to eating disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Most 18-year-old girls do not demonstrate any symptoms of distorted body self-perception; a vast majority of girls with normal body weight exaggerate the shapes of body parts, which causes them to undertake measures aiming to lose weight. Only a quarter of obese subjects perceive their individual body parts as obese, which might result in their lack of motivation to lose weight. 2. It is necessary to introduce healthy lifestyle educators in schools to prevent ED and obesity in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Body Image; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Obesity; Overweight; Self Concept; Self-Assessment; Thinness; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38282492
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.133313 -
American Journal of Men's Health Mar 2017The pressure on boys and men to engage in extensive body practices (e.g., closely monitored eating and exercise habits) and achieve ideal male bodies has grown... (Review)
Review
The pressure on boys and men to engage in extensive body practices (e.g., closely monitored eating and exercise habits) and achieve ideal male bodies has grown significantly over the past 20 years. Central to the depiction of ideal male bodies and body practices are both the pursuit and achievement of lean and well-defined muscles. The labels "pitches," "purchases," and "performativities" were inductively derived from the literature, and used to describe the multifaceted connections between masculinities, muscularity, and idealized male body practices. "Pitches" distil how popular culture posture norms of masculinity, and manly bodies and behaviors attainable and necessary. "Purchases" refer to men's diverse buy-in to dominant discourses about acceptable male bodies and practices. "Performativities" chronicle how men embody and navigate gender norms as they evaluate their own bodies, behaviors, and eating habits and those of their peers. Based on findings from the current scoping review, future research could benefit from fully linking masculinities with the drive for muscularity to address health and social risks associated with the pursuit of the idealized male body. In highlighting the plurality of masculinities and the complexity of men's diverse identities, health care providers can better reach and support men. Focusing on, and celebrating, a wider range of male bodies could help recenter dominant discourses about how and whose bodies and experiences are idealized. The current scoping review article offers an overview of how masculinities and muscularity have been linked to male body practices, and recommendations to advance this emergent field.
Topics: Body Image; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Men's Health; Risk Assessment; Self Concept
PubMed: 27645513
DOI: 10.1177/1557988316669042 -
Addictive Behaviors Feb 2021Some video-gaming activities feature customizable avatars that enable users to fulfil self-identity needs. Research evidence (e.g., fMRI and survey studies) has...
Some video-gaming activities feature customizable avatars that enable users to fulfil self-identity needs. Research evidence (e.g., fMRI and survey studies) has suggested that poorer self-concept and stronger avatar identification are associated with problematic gaming. Player-avatar relationships have thus been proposed to require attention in gaming disorder assessment and interventions. To examine the interplay of player-avatar interactions in problematic gaming, this study investigated whether avatar identification differed according to avatar characteristics and game types, and whether the association between avatar identification and problem gaming was mediated by self-concept clarity. A total of 993 adult respondents completed an online survey that assessed problematic gaming, avatar identification, and self-concept clarity. The results indicated that avatar identification scores were generally unrelated to avatar characteristics (e.g., human resemblance, degree of customizability, and in-game perspective). Avatar identification was significantly positively related to problematic gaming and significantly negatively related to self-concept clarity. There was a significant indirect relationship between avatar identification on problem gaming mediated through self-concept clarity. These findings suggest that poorer self-concept clarity may be one mechanism by which avatar identification affects problem gaming. Future research with clinical samples may help to gain a better understanding of avatar-related processes and psychological vulnerabilities related to problematic gaming.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Humans; Internet; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires; Video Games
PubMed: 33099249
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106694 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Jun 2022
Topics: Humans; Self Concept
PubMed: 35793496
DOI: 10.7326/M21-3891 -
Investigacion Y Educacion En Enfermeria Oct 2021To determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) and professional self-concept (PSC) among Iranian nurses.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) and professional self-concept (PSC) among Iranian nurses.
METHODS
This is a correlation study. A convenience sampling method was used and 344 nurses were selected from hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Data collection standard tools included two validated scales: Cowin's Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (36 items scored ranged from 1 to 8; Maximum score=288; 6 subcategories: General Nurse Self-Concept, Knowledge, Care, Communication, Staff Relation and Leadership) and Abdollahzadeh's SI Questionnaire (29 items scored ranged from 0 to 5; Maximum score=145; 2 subcategories: Relying on the inner core and Understanding and communicating with the origin of the universe.
RESULTS
The mean total score of PSC was 220.3±30.61 and 120.67±16.13 for SI. There was a significant statistical correlation between PSC (r=0.348, p<0.0001) and almost all subcategories and SI. The results of the regression analysis showed that SI predicts 13.3% of the variance of PSC (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the correlation of SI and PSC among Iranian nurses, it is suggested that strategies be used to train and promote the SI of nurses.
Topics: Humans; Intelligence; Iran; Nurses; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34822239
DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v39n3e12 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Jan 2022Negative self-concept is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the neural processes mediating this component of AN is unknown. These studies investigated how...
OBJECTIVE
Negative self-concept is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the neural processes mediating this component of AN is unknown. These studies investigated how valence and social perspectives impact neural processing in both adults and adolescents with AN.
METHOD
In an fMRI task, participants evaluated positive and negative adjectives from three social perspectives. Two studies were completed, one in 59 women (healthy, with AN, recovered from AN) and one in 42 adolescents (healthy, with AN). Neural regions of interest (ROIs) related to valence were identified and activations compared across groups and social perspectives.
RESULTS
Behaviourally, both adult and adolescent cohorts with AN were less positive during self-evaluations. In the adult study, neural differences related to clinical group and condition were observed in ROIs more responsive to positive social stimuli (medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, left temporoparietal junction) but not in ROIs more responsive to negative social stimuli. No neural differences in relation to clinical group were observed in the adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Behavioural differences related to negative self-concept are present in both adolescents and adults with AN, and neural differences, selective for positive social stimuli, were also observed in adults. AN may interfere with neurodevelopmental processes involved in positive self-concept.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Brain; Brain Mapping; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Self Concept
PubMed: 34655143
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2867 -
Journal of Personality Oct 2015This article explores the hidden vulnerability of individuals with compartmentalized self-concept structures by linking research on self-organization to related models...
This article explores the hidden vulnerability of individuals with compartmentalized self-concept structures by linking research on self-organization to related models of self-functioning. Across three studies, college students completed self-descriptive card sorts as a measure of self-concept structure and either the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale, Likert ratings of perceived authenticity of self-aspects, or a response latency measure of self-esteem accessibility. In all, there were 382 participants (247 females; 77% White, 6% Hispanic, 5% Black, 5% Asian, 4% Native American, and 3% other). Consistent with their unstable self-evaluations, compartmentalized individuals report greater contingencies of self-worth and describe their experience of multiple self-aspects as less authentic than do individuals with integrative self-organization. Compartmentalized individuals also make global self-evaluations more slowly than do integrative individuals. Together with previous findings on self-clarity, these results suggest that compartmentalized individuals may experience difficulties in how they know the self, whereas individuals with integrative self-organization may display greater continuity and evaluative consistency across self-aspects, with easier access to evaluative self-knowledge.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Self Concept; Self-Assessment; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 25180616
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12130 -
Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2023Despite progress made toward increasing women's interest and involvement in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), women continue to be underrepresented and... (Review)
Review
Despite progress made toward increasing women's interest and involvement in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), women continue to be underrepresented and experience less equity and inclusion in some STEM fields. In this article, I review the psychological literature relevant to understanding and mitigating women's lower fit and inclusion in STEM. Person-level explanations concerning women's abilities, interests, and self-efficacy are insufficient for explaining these persistent gaps. Rather, women's relatively lower interest in male-dominated STEM careers such as computer science and engineering is likely to be constrained by gender stereotypes. These gender stereotypes erode women's ability to experience self-concept fit, goal fit, and/or social fit. Such effects occur independently of intentional interpersonal biases and discrimination, and yet they create systemic barriers to women's attraction to, integration in, and advancement in STEM. Dismantling these systemic barriers requires a multifaceted approach to changing organizational and educational cultures at the institutional, interpersonal, and individual level.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Science; Technology; Engineering; Motivation; Self Concept
PubMed: 35961037
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032720-043052 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022Self-concept differentiation (SCD) has been of interest to researchers, mainly as a structural concept indicative of social specialization or self-concept fragmentation....
Self-concept differentiation (SCD) has been of interest to researchers, mainly as a structural concept indicative of social specialization or self-concept fragmentation. Nevertheless, this aspect of self-representation has not been studied in regard to sexuality and the extent to which the sexual self may vary across different roles or situations. With the emergence of the Internet, people found new opportunities to explore and express aspects of their sexuality in multiple online scenes, thus increasing the complexity of human sexual experience and expanding the reach of sexual identity. The aim of this study is to investigate SCD in relation to the sexual self-concept, as experienced in the online and offline environments, and its effects on sexual identity, sexual satisfaction and online sexual behaviors. Data analysis pointed towards a fragmented self-view with high degrees of differentiation between the online and offline sexual self-instances being linked to a weaker sense of sexual identity, less sexual satisfaction in real life and less partnered online interactions. However, there were some indications that these relationships were influenced by how people perceive themselves sexually in one instance compared to the other. The results obtained in this study encourage further research on SCD as an important factor in understanding the real-world consequences of online sexual expression.
Topics: Gender Identity; Humans; Internet; Self Concept
PubMed: 35742229
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126979 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2022In recent years we have witnessed a rebirth of interest in the field of subjectivity and its disorders, particularly the severity and quality of non-psychotic abnormal...
In recent years we have witnessed a rebirth of interest in the field of subjectivity and its disorders, particularly the severity and quality of non-psychotic abnormal subjective experience. Contemporary research on abnormal subjective experiences in schizophrenia has used several different theoretical frameworks. The most common of these is the phenomenological approach. A prominent example of the phenomenological approach is the minimal self disorder model. In this article, we will discuss, prominent theories on the concept of 'self ', historical background of the minimal self disorder model in schizophrenia and the current approach to this model. According to this model, self disorders have been hypothesized to be an underlying and trait-like core feature of schizophrenia. The model suggests that this minimal self is disturbed in three ways in people with schizophrenia: hyperreflexivity, diminished self-affection (diminished self-presence) and disturbed grip or hold on the cognitive-perceptual world. Hyperreflexivity is defined as the excessive attention to processes that would ordinarily be implicitly experienced. Diminished self-affection (diminished self-presence) refers to an experience of a loss of self-agency. Disturbed grip or hold on the cognitive-perceptual world refers to the disturbances of spatio-temporal structuring of the experiential field. These three aspects are intimately interlinked, and should be understood more as the components of a single entity. Finally, clinical symptoms that may indicate minimal self disorder and the abnormal self experiences of two patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are discussed. Keywords: Schizophrenia, phenomenology, self-disorders, hyperreflexivity, diminished self-affection.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept
PubMed: 36148570
DOI: 10.5080/u26182