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Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Apr 2022Exogenous stimulation catalytic therapy has received enormous attention as it holds great promise to address global medical issues. However, the therapeutic effect of... (Review)
Review
Exogenous stimulation catalytic therapy has received enormous attention as it holds great promise to address global medical issues. However, the therapeutic effect of catalytic therapy is seriously restricted by the fast charge recombination and the limited utilization of exogenous stimulation by catalysts. In the past few decades, many strategies have been developed to overcome the above serious drawbacks, among which heterojunctions are the most widely used and promising strategy. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of heterojunction nanomedicine, such as semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunctions (including type I, type II, type III, PN, and Z-scheme junctions) and semiconductor-metal heterojunctions (including Schottky, Ohmic, and localized surface plasmon resonance-mediated junctions). The catalytic mechanisms and properties of the above junction systems are also discussed in relation to biomedical applications, especially cancer treatment and sterilization. This review concludes with a summary of the challenges and some perspectives on future directions in this exciting and still evolving field of research.
Topics: Catalysis; Metals; Nanomedicine; Semiconductors
PubMed: 35174980
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105747 -
Chemical Reviews Aug 2019Biological systems have evolved biochemical, electrical, mechanical, and genetic networks to perform essential functions across various length and time scales.... (Review)
Review
Biological systems have evolved biochemical, electrical, mechanical, and genetic networks to perform essential functions across various length and time scales. High-aspect-ratio biological nanowires, such as bacterial pili and neurites, mediate many of the interactions and homeostasis in and between these networks. Synthetic materials designed to mimic the structure of biological nanowires could also incorporate similar functional properties, and exploiting this structure-function relationship has already proved fruitful in designing biointerfaces. Semiconductor nanowires are a particularly promising class of synthetic nanowires for biointerfaces, given (1) their unique optical and electronic properties and (2) their high degree of synthetic control and versatility. These characteristics enable fabrication of a variety of electronic and photonic nanowire devices, allowing for the formation of well-defined, functional bioelectric interfaces at the biomolecular level to the whole-organ level. In this Focus Review, we first discuss the history of bioelectric interfaces with semiconductor nanowires. We next highlight several important, endogenous biological nanowires and use these as a framework to categorize semiconductor nanowire-based biointerfaces. Within this framework we then review the fundamentals of bioelectric interfaces with semiconductor nanowires and comment on both material choice and device design to form biointerfaces spanning multiple length scales. We conclude with a discussion of areas with the potential for greatest impact using semiconductor nanowire-enabled biointerfaces in the future.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Brain-Computer Interfaces; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Humans; Nanowires; Prostheses and Implants; Semiconductors; Transistors, Electronic
PubMed: 30995019
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00795 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Apr 2022A multitude of chemical, biological, and material systems present an inductive behavior that is not electromagnetic in origin. Here, it is termed a chemical inductor. We...
A multitude of chemical, biological, and material systems present an inductive behavior that is not electromagnetic in origin. Here, it is termed a chemical inductor. We show that the structure of the chemical inductor consists of a two-dimensional system that couples a fast conduction mode and a slowing down element. Therefore, it is generally defined in dynamical terms rather than by a specific physicochemical mechanism. The chemical inductor produces many familiar features in electrochemical reactions, including catalytic, electrodeposition, and corrosion reactions in batteries and fuel cells, and in solid-state semiconductor devices such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and memristors. It generates the widespread phenomenon of negative capacitance, it causes negative spikes in voltage transient measurements, and it creates inverted hysteresis effects in current-voltage curves and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, it determines stability, bifurcations, and chaotic properties associated to self-sustained oscillations in biological neurons and electrochemical systems. As these properties emerge in different types of measurement techniques such as impedance spectroscopy and time-transient decays, the chemical inductor becomes a useful framework for the interpretation of the electrical, optoelectronic, and electrochemical responses in a wide variety of systems. In the paper, we describe the general dynamical structure of the chemical inductor and we comment on a broad range of examples from different research areas.
Topics: Electric Capacitance; Electricity; Neurons; Semiconductors
PubMed: 35316040
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00777 -
Physical Biology Mar 2018This roadmap outlines the role semiconductor-based materials play in understanding the complex biophysical dynamics at multiple length scales, as well as the design and... (Review)
Review
This roadmap outlines the role semiconductor-based materials play in understanding the complex biophysical dynamics at multiple length scales, as well as the design and implementation of next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical devices for biointerfaces. The roadmap emphasizes the advantages of semiconductor building blocks in interfacing, monitoring, and manipulating the activity of biological components, and discusses the possibility of using active semiconductor-cell interfaces for discovering new signaling processes in the biological world.
Topics: Cell Communication; Polymers; Semiconductors; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29205173
DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aa9f34 -
Biosensors Oct 2022Integrated sensors and transmitters of a wide variety of human physiological indicators have recently emerged in the form of multimaterial optical fibers. The methods... (Review)
Review
Integrated sensors and transmitters of a wide variety of human physiological indicators have recently emerged in the form of multimaterial optical fibers. The methods utilized in the manufacture of optical fibers facilitate the use of a wide range of functional elements in microscale optical fibers with an extensive variety of structures. This article presents an overview and review of semiconductor multimaterial optical fibers, their fabrication and postprocessing techniques, different geometries, and integration in devices that can be further utilized in biomedical applications. Semiconductor optical fiber sensors and fiber lasers for body temperature regulation, in vivo detection, volatile organic compound detection, and medical surgery will be discussed.
Topics: Humans; Optical Fibers; Volatile Organic Compounds; Semiconductors; Lasers
PubMed: 36291019
DOI: 10.3390/bios12100882 -
Chemical Reviews Feb 2022The nervous system poses a grand challenge for integration with modern electronics and the subsequent advances in neurobiology, neuroprosthetics, and therapy which would... (Review)
Review
The nervous system poses a grand challenge for integration with modern electronics and the subsequent advances in neurobiology, neuroprosthetics, and therapy which would become possible upon such integration. Due to its extreme complexity, multifaceted signaling pathways, and ∼1 kHz operating frequency, modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based electronics appear to be the only technology platform at hand for such integration. However, conventional CMOS-based electronics rely exclusively on electronic signaling and therefore require an additional technology platform to translate electronic signals into the language of neurobiology. Organic electronics are just such a technology platform, capable of converting electronic addressing into a variety of signals matching the endogenous signaling of the nervous system while simultaneously possessing favorable material similarities with nervous tissue. In this review, we introduce a variety of organic material platforms and signaling modalities specifically designed for this role as "translator", focusing especially on recent implementation in neuromodulation. We hope that this review serves both as an informational resource and as an encouragement and challenge to the field.
Topics: Electronics; Oxides; Semiconductors
PubMed: 35050623
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00390 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) families are a kind of new type of photocatalysts, which have attracted the attention of more and more researchers. The suitable band gaps and their... (Review)
Review
BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) families are a kind of new type of photocatalysts, which have attracted the attention of more and more researchers. The suitable band gaps and their convenient tunability via the change of X elements enable BiOX to adapt to many photocatalytic reactions. In addition, because of their characteristics of the unique layered structure and indirect bandgap semiconductor, BiOX exhibits excellent separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. Therefore, BiOX could usually demonstrate fine activity in many photocatalytic reactions. In this review, we will present the various applications and modification strategies of BiOX in photocatalytic reactions. Finally, based on a good understanding of the above issues, we will propose the future directions and feasibilities of the reasonable design of modification strategies of BiOX to obtain better photocatalytic activity toward various photocatalytic applications.
Topics: Humans; Electrons; Research Personnel; Semiconductors
PubMed: 37298876
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114400 -
Chemical Reviews Mar 2022Soft and hard materials at interfaces exhibit mismatched behaviors, such as mismatched chemical or biochemical reactivity, mechanical response, and environmental... (Review)
Review
Soft and hard materials at interfaces exhibit mismatched behaviors, such as mismatched chemical or biochemical reactivity, mechanical response, and environmental adaptability. Leveraging or mitigating these differences can yield interfacial processes difficult to achieve, or inapplicable, in pure soft or pure hard phases. Exploration of interfacial mismatches and their associated (bio)chemical, mechanical, or other physical processes may yield numerous opportunities in both fundamental studies and applications, in a manner similar to that of semiconductor heterojunctions and their contribution to solid-state physics and the semiconductor industry over the past few decades. In this review, we explore the fundamental chemical roles and principles involved in designing these interfaces, such as the (bio)chemical evolution of adaptive or buffer zones. We discuss the spectroscopic, microscopic, (bio)chemical, and computational tools required to uncover the chemical processes in these confined or hidden soft-hard interfaces. We propose a soft-hard interaction framework and use it to discuss soft-hard interfacial processes in multiple systems and across several spatiotemporal scales, focusing on tissue-like materials and devices. We end this review by proposing several new scientific and engineering approaches to leveraging the soft-hard interfacial processes involved in biointerfacing composites and exploring new applications for these composites.
Topics: Semiconductors
PubMed: 34677943
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00365 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2014
Topics: Semiconductors; Solar Energy
PubMed: 25028679
DOI: 10.1155/2014/695204 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2010The major radiation of the sun can be roughly divided into three regions: ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light. Detection in these three regions is important to... (Review)
Review
The major radiation of the sun can be roughly divided into three regions: ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light. Detection in these three regions is important to human beings. The metal-insulator-semiconductor photodetector, with a simpler process than the pn-junction photodetector and a lower dark current than the MSM photodetector, has been developed for light detection in these three regions. Ideal UV photodetectors with high UV-to-visible rejection ratio could be demonstrated with III-V metal-insulator-semiconductor UV photodetectors. The visible-light detection and near-infrared optical communications have been implemented with Si and Ge metal-insulator-semiconductor photodetectors. For mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection, metal-insulator-semiconductor SiGe/Si quantum dot infrared photodetectors have been developed, and the detection spectrum covers atmospheric transmission windows.
Topics: Equipment Design; Humans; Insulator Elements; Light; Metals; Optical Devices; Photometry; Semiconductors
PubMed: 22163382
DOI: 10.3390/s101008797