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Medical Decision Making : An... 2006Diagnostic and prognostic models are typically evaluated with measures of accuracy that do not address clinical consequences. Decision-analytic techniques allow...
BACKGROUND
Diagnostic and prognostic models are typically evaluated with measures of accuracy that do not address clinical consequences. Decision-analytic techniques allow assessment of clinical outcomes but often require collection of additional information and may be cumbersome to apply to models that yield a continuous result. The authors sought a method for evaluating and comparing prediction models that incorporates clinical consequences,requires only the data set on which the models are tested,and can be applied to models that have either continuous or dichotomous results.
METHOD
The authors describe decision curve analysis, a simple, novel method of evaluating predictive models. They start by assuming that the threshold probability of a disease or event at which a patient would opt for treatment is informative of how the patient weighs the relative harms of a false-positive and a false-negative prediction. This theoretical relationship is then used to derive the net benefit of the model across different threshold probabilities. Plotting net benefit against threshold probability yields the "decision curve." The authors apply the method to models for the prediction of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer patients. Decision curve analysis identified the range of threshold probabilities in which a model was of value, the magnitude of benefit, and which of several models was optimal.
CONCLUSION
Decision curve analysis is a suitable method for evaluating alternative diagnostic and prognostic strategies that has advantages over other commonly used measures and techniques.
Topics: Decision Support Techniques; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Probability; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Assessment; Seminal Vesicles
PubMed: 17099194
DOI: 10.1177/0272989X06295361 -
Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of... Apr 2022A review of studies on seminal vesicle motion was performed to improve the understanding of these treatment uncertainties. This will aid planning target volume margin... (Review)
Review
A review of studies on seminal vesicle motion was performed to improve the understanding of these treatment uncertainties. This will aid planning target volume margin reduction, which is necessary for hypofractionation of high-risk prostate cancer. Embase, Medline, Web of science Core collection, Cochrane CENTRAL register of trials and Google scholar were searched for publications including 3D information on seminal vesicle motion. In total 646 publications were found of which 22 publications were eligible for inclusion. The mean, systematic and random error of inter- and intra-fraction translations are reported, as well as rotations. The translations of the seminal vesicles is smallest in the left-right direction, whereas the rotation was largest around this axis. Although rectal and bladder filling status were the main cause for seminal vesicle motion, no apparent effect on magnitude of motion was seen when different bladder and rectal preparation protocols were used. Inter- and intra-fraction motion of the seminal vesicles is significant. In the studies, systematic and random errors range between 1-7 mm and 1-5 mm respectively, and are largely uncorrelated to prostate motion. The maximum correlation between seminal vesicle and prostate motion was reported with an R of 0.7, while 3 other studies report lower and/or non-significant correlations. Five studies report a planning target volume margin of approximately 8 mm. This margin is in line with the results of four relevant dosimetric studies. Mitigating the inter- and intra-fraction motion of the seminal vesicles, including prostate tracking, has the potential to reduce planning target volume margins.
Topics: Humans; Male; Motion; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Seminal Vesicles; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35157975
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.02.002 -
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Seminal Vesicle: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Presentation.In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2021Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are ubiquitous mesenchymal neoplasms that have an unpredictable biological behavior. Histological criteria for this type of malignancy are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are ubiquitous mesenchymal neoplasms that have an unpredictable biological behavior. Histological criteria for this type of malignancy are uncertain. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic and treatment options of SFTs originating in the seminal vesicle are presented in this review article.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review including the following databases: Scopus, Embase and Medline from 1960 until the end of March 2021 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
We found seven patients affected with SFTs of seminal vesicle, in which we added our own case, making a total of 8 patients. Mean age at presentation was 55±7 years. Mean size of the SFTs was 9±2 cm and the right seminal vesicle was preferentially involved. The majority of patients were symptomatic and presenting symptoms were hematuria, dysuria, hematospermia, urinary increased frequency and urgency. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance (MRI) were the diagnostic tools. Trans-rectal ultrasound-guided core biopsy was also used. Seven (87%) patients had open surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy after R0 resection was used in 1 patient.
CONCLUSION
The treatment of SFTs located in the seminal vesicle necessitates a radical surgical resection to obtain acceptable results in terms of local recurrence and distant metastases.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Seminal Vesicles; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34182467
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12461 -
Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences Sep 2021Guidelines recommend that the proximal seminal vesicles (PrSV) should be included in the clinical target volume for locally advanced prostate cancer patients undergoing...
INTRODUCTION
Guidelines recommend that the proximal seminal vesicles (PrSV) should be included in the clinical target volume for locally advanced prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Verification and margins for the prostate may not necessarily account for PrSV displacement. The purpose was to determine the inter-fraction displacement of the PrSV relative to the prostate during radiotherapy.
METHODS
Fiducials were inserted into the prostate, and right and left PrSV (RSV and LSV) in 30 prostate cancer patients. Correctional shifts for the prostate, right and left PrSV and pelvic bones were determined from each patient's 39 daily orthogonal portal images relative to reference digitally reconstructed radiographs.
RESULTS
There was a significant displacement of the RSV relative to the prostate in all directions: on average 0.38 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.50) to the left, 0.80-0.81 mm (CI 0.68 to 0.93) superiorly and 1.51 mm (CI 1.36 to 1.65) posteriorly. The LSV was significantly displaced superiorly to the prostate 1.09-1.13 mm (CI 0.97 to 1.25) and posteriorly 1.81 mm (CI 1.67 to 1.96), but not laterally (mean 0.06, CI -0.06 to 0.18). The calculated PTV margins (left-right, superior-inferior, posterior-anterior) were 4.9, 5.3-5.6 and 4.8 mm for the prostate, 5.2, 7.1-8.0 and 9.7 mm for the RSV, and 7.2, 7.5-7.6 and 8.6 mm for the LSV.
CONCLUSION
There is a significant displacement of the PrSV relative to the prostate during radiotherapy. Greater margins are recommended for the PrSV compared to the prostate.
Topics: Humans; Male; Pelvic Bones; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Seminal Vesicles
PubMed: 33432719
DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.457 -
Andrologia Dec 2020To investigate the outcomes of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) for the treatment of seminal vesicle calculi (SVC), prostatic utricle calculi (PUC) and...
To investigate the outcomes of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) for the treatment of seminal vesicle calculi (SVC), prostatic utricle calculi (PUC) and combination of them, a retrospective review on 27 patients with SVC and/or PUC who complained of intractable haematospermia was conducted. Patient demographics, disease duration, operation time, stone location and complications were recorded. The calculi in the seminal vesicle and/or prostatic utricle were removed by holmium laser lithotripsy and/or basket extraction. The stone composition was determined in 19 of 27 patients using Infrared spectroscopy. The average age and disease duration of patients were 39.4 years and 23.1 months respectively. The mean operative time was 78.5 min. We detected SVC, SVC and PUC, and PUC in 59.3% (16/27), 33.3% (9/27) and 7.4% (2/27) patients respectively. The stones were mainly composed of calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), carbonate apatite (CA), COD and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), CA and magnesium ammonium phosphate, CA and COM, and COD and uric acid in 42.1% (8/19), 21.1% (4/19), 15.8% (3/19), 15.8% (3/19), 5.3% (1/19) and 5.3% (1/19) cases respectively. No intraoperative and post-operative complications were noted. These results suggested that SVC and PUC can be diagnosed and treated using TSVs.
Topics: Calculi; Hemospermia; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Saccule and Utricle; Seminal Vesicles
PubMed: 32851699
DOI: 10.1111/and.13804 -
Andrologia Sep 2017There are few data describing the relationship between seminal vesicle (SV) size and duration of abstinence between ejaculations. This study evaluates the association...
There are few data describing the relationship between seminal vesicle (SV) size and duration of abstinence between ejaculations. This study evaluates the association between SV size and duration of abstinence from ejaculation using pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sexually active men 18-68 years old who underwent pelvic MRI for various medical indications were included. The date of last ejaculation was recorded, and the cross-sectional areas of the right and left seminal vesicles were calculated separately using mediolateral and anteroposterior measurements on T2-weighted MRI images. The association between SV area and duration of abstinence between ejaculations was determined via linear regression analysis. The study cohort consisted of 104 men with a mean age of 46.45 ± 11.4 (range 18-68) years old. Mean right and left SV cross-sectional areas were 744.1 ± 351.1 (range: 149.9-1794.7) mm and 727.6 ± 359.2 (range 171.4-2248.4) mm respectively. The mean duration of abstinence between ejaculations in the cohort was 3.6 ± 2.6 (range 1-15) days. Although no correlation between age and SV area was observed (r = .007, p = .947), linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between SV area and the duration of abstinence from ejaculation (r = .372, p = .0001). SV cross-sectional area increases with duration of abstinence from ejaculation and can be assessed using MRI. The use of SV size estimation may be applicable in diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of urological diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Ejaculation; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Seminal Vesicles; Sexual Abstinence; Time Factors
PubMed: 27660049
DOI: 10.1111/and.12707 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2018Congenital and acquired pathologies of the seminal vesicles (SV) are rare diseases. The diagnosis of SV anomalies is frequently delayed or wrong due to the rarity of...
PURPOSE
Congenital and acquired pathologies of the seminal vesicles (SV) are rare diseases. The diagnosis of SV anomalies is frequently delayed or wrong due to the rarity of these diseases and the lack of adequate evaluation of SV pathology. For this reason, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate SV pathologies and accompanying genitourinary system abnormalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between March 2012 and December 2015, 1455 male patients with different provisional diagnosis underwent MRI. Congenital and acquired pathology of the SV was identified in 42 of these patients. The patients were categorized according to their SV pathologies. The patients were analyzed in terms of genitourinary system findings associated with SV pathologies.
RESULTS
SV pathologies were accompanied by other genitourinary system findings. Congenital SV pathologies were bilateral or predominantly in the left SV. Patients with bilateral SV hypoplasia were diagnosed at an earlier age compared to patients with unilateral SV agenesis. There was a significant association between abnormal signal intensity in the SV and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and patient age.
CONCLUSION
SV pathologies are rare diseases of the genitourinary system. The association between seminal vesicle pathology and other genitourinary system diseases requires complete genitourinary system evaluation that includes the seminal vesicles.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Congenital Abnormalities; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Seminal Vesicles; Urologic Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 28853814
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2017.0153 -
Andrologia Oct 2022This study aimed to establish animal models with different degrees of ejaculatory duct obstruction. Forty-eight male rats aged 14-15 weeks were randomly divided into...
This study aimed to establish animal models with different degrees of ejaculatory duct obstruction. Forty-eight male rats aged 14-15 weeks were randomly divided into three groups (n = 16): control, complete ejaculatory duct obstruction (tied around the lower seminal vesicle gland and ductus deferens with a 2-0 silk ligature), and partial ejaculatory duct obstruction (padded with a wire guide). Mortality, complications, seminal vesicle morphology and histopathology were compared in the three groups at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. In the complete ejaculatory duct obstruction group, seminal vesicle weight decreased gradually with increased obstruction time compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05); moreover, stone-like material was occasionally observed. In the partial ejaculatory duct obstruction group, there was an increase followed by a decrease in seminal vesicle weight in the postoperative period compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Histopathological lesions of seminal vesicles were observed in the complete and partial ejaculatory duct obstruction groups (8 weeks postoperatively). We successfully established animal models of complete and partial ejaculatory duct obstruction, which provide an easy-to-use tool for studying seminal vesicle changes after ejaculatory duct obstruction.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Ejaculatory Ducts; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Rats; Seminal Vesicles; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 35716081
DOI: 10.1111/and.14499 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2022: Patients with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) are a highly heterogeneous group. Prognosis can be affected by many clinical and pathological characteristics. Our aim was... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: Patients with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) are a highly heterogeneous group. Prognosis can be affected by many clinical and pathological characteristics. Our aim was to study whether bilateral SVI (bi-SVI) is associated with worse oncological outcomes. : This is an observational retrospective study that included 146 pT3b patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). We compared the results between unilateral SVI (uni-SVI) and bi-SVI. The log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and additional treatment-free survival. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify predictors of BCR-free survival, MFS, and additional treatment-free survival. : 34.93% of patients had bi-SVI. The median follow-up was 46.84 months. No significant differences were seen between the uni-SVI and bi-SVI groups. BCR-free survival at 5 years was 33.31% and 25.65% ( = 0.44) for uni-SVI and bi-SVI. MFS at 5 years was 86.03% vs. 75.63% ( = 0.1), and additional treatment-free survival was 36.85% vs. 21.93% ( = 0.09), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, PSA was related to the development of BCR [HR 1.34 (95%CI: 1.01-1.77); = 0.03] and metastasis [HR 1.83 (95%CI: 1.13-2.98); = 0.02]. BCR was also influenced by lymph node infiltration [HR 2.74 (95%CI: 1.41-5.32); = 0.003]. Additional treatment was performed more frequently in patients with positive margins [HR: 3.50 (95%CI: 1.65-7.44); = 0.001]. : SVI invasion is an adverse pathology feature, with a widely variable prognosis. In our study, bilateral seminal vesicle invasion did not predict worse outcomes in pT3b patients despite being associated with more undifferentiated tumors.
Topics: Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Seminal Vesicles
PubMed: 36013525
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081057 -
BMC Genomics Oct 2021The seminal vesicles synthesise bioactive factors that support gamete function, modulate the female reproductive tract to promote implantation, and influence...
BACKGROUND
The seminal vesicles synthesise bioactive factors that support gamete function, modulate the female reproductive tract to promote implantation, and influence developmental programming of offspring phenotype. Despite the significance of the seminal vesicles in reproduction, their biology remains poorly defined. Here, to advance understanding of seminal vesicle biology, we analyse the mouse seminal vesicle transcriptome under normal physiological conditions and in response to acute exposure to the reproductive toxicant acrylamide. Mice were administered acrylamide (25 mg/kg bw/day) or vehicle control daily for five consecutive days prior to collecting seminal vesicle tissue 72 h following the final injection.
RESULTS
A total of 15,304 genes were identified in the seminal vesicles with those encoding secreted proteins amongst the most abundant. In addition to reproductive hormone pathways, functional annotation of the seminal vesicle transcriptome identified cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and cellular death and survival pathways as prominent biological processes. Administration of acrylamide elicited 70 differentially regulated (fold-change ≥1.5 or ≤ 0.67) genes, several of which were orthogonally validated using quantitative PCR. Pathways that initiate gene and protein synthesis to promote cellular survival were prominent amongst the dysregulated pathways. Inflammation was also a key transcriptomic response to acrylamide, with the cytokine, Colony stimulating factor 2 (Csf2) identified as a top-ranked upstream driver and inflammatory mediator associated with recovery of homeostasis. Early growth response (Egr1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (Ccl8), and Collagen, type V, alpha 1 (Col5a1) were also identified amongst the dysregulated genes. Additionally, acrylamide treatment led to subtle changes in the expression of genes that encode proteins secreted by the seminal vesicle, including the complement regulator, Complement factor b (Cfb).
CONCLUSIONS
These data add to emerging evidence demonstrating that the seminal vesicles, like other male reproductive tract tissues, are sensitive to environmental insults, and respond in a manner with potential to exert impact on fetal development and later offspring health.
Topics: Acrylamide; Animals; Cytokines; Female; Male; Mice; Reproduction; Seminal Vesicles; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34625024
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07951-1