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American Family Physician Oct 2016Key components of the pretravel consultation include intake questions regarding the traveler's anticipated itinerary and medical history; immunizations; malaria...
Key components of the pretravel consultation include intake questions regarding the traveler's anticipated itinerary and medical history; immunizations; malaria prophylaxis; and personal protection measures against arthropod bites, traveler's diarrhea, and injury. Most vaccinations that are appropriate for international travelers are included in the routine domestic immunization schedule; only a few travel-specific vaccines must also be discussed. The most common vaccine-preventable illnesses in international travelers are influenza and hepatitis A. Malaria prophylaxis should be offered to travelers to endemic regions. Personal protection measures, such as applying an effective insect repellent to exposed skin and permethrin to clothing and using a permethrin-impregnated bed net, should be advised for travelers to the tropics. Clinicians should offer an antibiotic prescription that travelers can take with them in case of traveler's diarrhea. Additional topics to address during the pretravel consultation include the risk of injury from motor vehicle crashes and travel-specific risks such as altitude sickness, safe sex practices, and emergency medical evacuation insurance.
Topics: Accidents; Directive Counseling; Endemic Diseases; Health Promotion; Humans; Immunization Programs; Infections; Preventive Health Services; Risk Reduction Behavior; Safe Sex; Travel; Travel Medicine; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 27929232
DOI: No ID Found -
Asian Journal of Andrology 2015Patients with cardiovascular disease and their partners expect health care providers to provide sexual counseling to assist them in maintaining sexual quality of life.... (Review)
Review
Patients with cardiovascular disease and their partners expect health care providers to provide sexual counseling to assist them in maintaining sexual quality of life. Evidence suggests however, that there is a gap in integrating evidence into practice and that relatively few cardiac patients receive sexual counseling. This can result in negative psychological, physical, and quality of life outcomes for couples who may needlessly decide sexual activity is too risky and cease all sexual activity. Two scientific statements now exist that provide ample guidance to health care providers in discussing this important topic. Using a team approach that includes physicians, nurses, physical therapists, rehabilitation staff, and others is important to ensure that sexual counseling occurs throughout recovery. In addition, several trials using interventional approaches for sexual counseling provide insight into successful approaches for sexual counseling in practice. This article provides practical strategies and evidence-based approaches for assessment and sexual counseling for all cardiac patients and their partners, and specific counseling for those with ischemic conditions, heart failure, and implanted devices.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Care Team; Quality of Life; Sex Counseling; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Sexual Partners
PubMed: 25219908
DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.135982 -
International Journal For the... 2021The human rights violation of sex trafficking continues to occur in the United States at alarming rates. Although sex trafficking affects individuals across various...
The human rights violation of sex trafficking continues to occur in the United States at alarming rates. Although sex trafficking affects individuals across various demographic groups, this crime disproportionately affects children. Counselors who work with children and adolescents are uniquely positioned to identify, support, and advocate on behalf of sex trafficked youth who may experience barriers to emotional and physical wellness. Extant literature on counseling sex trafficking survivors remain scarce and illuminate the need for victim identification, trauma-informed interventions, and advocacy strategies that support the unique needs of child sex trafficking survivors. To address these disparities, this article describes victim identification techniques, outlines trauma-focused interventions for counseling sex trafficked youth, and presents advocacy strategies. The implications for counseling child sex trafficking survivors are illuminated through a case study.
PubMed: 33432250
DOI: 10.1007/s10447-020-09420-y -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Oct 2020Comprehensive care for transgender and gender nonbinary patients has been a priority established by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Because... (Review)
Review
Comprehensive care for transgender and gender nonbinary patients has been a priority established by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Because pubertal suppression, gender-affirming hormone therapy, and antiandrogen therapy used alone or in combination during medical transition can affect gonadal function, understanding the effects these treatments have on fertility potential is important for practitioners caring for transgender and gender nonbinary patients. In this review, we outline the impacts of gender-affirming treatments on fertility potential and discuss the counseling and the treatment approach for fertility preservation and/or family building in transgender and gender nonbinary individuals.
Topics: Counseling; Family; Female; Fertility; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Male; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 32797184
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa529 -
Contraception: X 2021To estimate differences in emergency contraception (EC) use, access, and counseling by rural-urban residence among reproductive age women in the United States.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate differences in emergency contraception (EC) use, access, and counseling by rural-urban residence among reproductive age women in the United States.
STUDY DESIGN
We examined respondent data (2006-2017) from the National Survey of Family Growth for women ages 15-44 ( 28,448) to estimate EC use, access, and counseling by rural-urban county of residence. Rural-urban prevalence ratios for EC outcome measures were estimated using predicted margins from logistic regression models, which were adjusted for demographic differences and current contraceptive method use. Changes in ever-use of EC over time were estimated for rural and urban respondents, separately, using Chi-square tests and trends were estimated using inverse variance weighted linear regression models.
RESULTS
During 2006 to 2017, 10% of rural and 19% of urban women who had ever had sex reported ever using EC pills. Among rural women, ever-use increased from 6% in 2006-2008 to 15% in 2015-2017 (Chi-square 0.01; trend -value < 0.01); among urban women, ever-use increased from 11% to 27% (Chi-square 0.01; trend -value < 0.01). Rural and urban women were similarly likely to have obtained EC without a prescription and from a drug store. Rural women were less likely to have received EC counseling than urban women; however, counseling rates were low among all women.
CONCLUSION
We observed differences in EC ever-use and receipt of EC counseling by rural-urban residence among US women ages 15 to 44, adding to the evidence that rural-urban residence is an important factor in reproductive health. More research is needed to explore factors contributing to rural-urban differences in EC use.
IMPLICATIONS
Our key finding that EC use varied by rural-urban county residence offers additional evidence that rural-urban residence should be considered in reproductive health practice and policy. We discuss areas for future research into potential barriers to EC use in rural populations.
PubMed: 33718861
DOI: 10.1016/j.conx.2021.100061 -
American Journal of Men's Health Sep 2018This study aimed to identify factors that influenced the intention of men who have sex with men (MSM) to participate in voluntary counseling and HIV testing (VCT) and in...
This study aimed to identify factors that influenced the intention of men who have sex with men (MSM) to participate in voluntary counseling and HIV testing (VCT) and in accessing free condoms. A qualitative inquiry using one-on-one in-depth interviews was conducted with MSM participants who were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was guided by a framework analysis for qualitative data by Ritchie and Spencer, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework was used to analyze the data. The findings were grouped into three themes-namely, (a) attitude encompassing knowledge about HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS services and the belief about the positive outcomes of the services; (b) subjective norms including support from MSM peers and family members and motivation to comply with the support; and (c) perceived behavioral control, which is associated with resource availability and having confidence and positive intention to participate in VCT and willingness to access free condoms. Findings indicated that personal, community, and structural factors were predictors to intention to accessing services. Interventions targeting large numbers of MSM population and further studies to understand what needs to be done by nongovernmental organizations and governmental institutions to halt the spread of HIV infections among MSM populations and increase their intention to use HIV/AIDS services are also recommended.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Counseling; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Qualitative Research; Young Adult
PubMed: 29855216
DOI: 10.1177/1557988318779737 -
Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2023Pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) is a vital tool in preventing chromosomal aneuploidies and other genetic disorders including those that are monogenic in origin.... (Review)
Review
Pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) is a vital tool in preventing chromosomal aneuploidies and other genetic disorders including those that are monogenic in origin. It is performed on embryos created by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Genetic counseling in the area of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has also evolved along with PGT and is considered an essential and integral part of Reproductive Medicine. While PGT has the potential to prevent future progeny from being affected by genetic conditions, genetic counseling helps couples understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, familial and social implications of the genetic contribution to disease. Genetic counseling is particularly helpful for couples with recurrent miscarriages, advanced maternal age, a partner with a chromosome translocation or inversion, those in a consanguineous marriage, and those using donor gametes. Partners with a family history of genetic conditions including hereditary cancer, late onset neurological diseases and with a carrier status for monogenic disorders can benefit from genetic counseling when undergoing PGT for monogenic disorders (PGT-M). Genetic counseling for PGT is useful in cases of Mendelian disorders, autosomal dominant and recessive conditions and sex chromosome linked disorders and for the purposes of utilizing matching technology for creating a savior sibling. It also helps in understanding the importance of PGT in cases of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and variable penetrance. The possibilities and limitations are discussed in detail during the sessions of genetic counseling.
PubMed: 38162012
DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1213546 -
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) Jul 2020Working with LGBTQ people regarding sex and relationship problems may be intimidating for the psychiatrist with little experience. This article provides an overview of...
Working with LGBTQ people regarding sex and relationship problems may be intimidating for the psychiatrist with little experience. This article provides an overview of common sex and relationship problems that can be encountered in clinical work with a focus on LGBTQ couples therapy. Topics include sex difficulties and their causes, drugs and alcohol, the effect of "the closet," discordant "outness" in couples, issues regarding sex roles, LGBTQ parenting, and issues arising when a member of a couple is transitioning.
PubMed: 33162864
DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200014 -
American Journal of Public Health Oct 2007Against the background of debates about expanding HIV testing and counseling, we summarize the evidence on the social and behavioral dimension of testing and its... (Review)
Review
Against the background of debates about expanding HIV testing and counseling, we summarize the evidence on the social and behavioral dimension of testing and its implications for programs. The discrepancy between acceptance of testing and returning for results and the difficulties of disclosure are examined in light of research on risk perceptions and the influence of gender and stigma. We also summarize the evidence on the provision of testing and counseling, the implementation of practices regarding confidentiality and consent, and the results of interventions. We demonstrate that social factors have a considerable impact on testing, show that the services linked to testing are key determinants of utilization, and consider the implications of these findings for HIV testing programs.
Topics: Attitude to Health; Confidentiality; Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Prejudice; Self Disclosure; Sex Factors; Social Alienation
PubMed: 17761565
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.096263 -
BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health Jan 2022To establish the state of the evidence base around psychosocial interventions that support well-being in sex workers in order to inform policy and practice within a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To establish the state of the evidence base around psychosocial interventions that support well-being in sex workers in order to inform policy and practice within a resource-rich geographical context.
METHODS
Published and unpublished studies were identified through electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Open Grey), hand searching and contacting relevant organisations and experts in the field. Studies were included if they were conducted in high-income settings with sex workers or people engaging in exchange or transactional sex, and evaluated the effect of a psychosocial intervention with validated psychological or well-being measures or through qualitative evaluation.
RESULTS
A total of 19 202 studies were identified of which 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneity found dictated a narrative synthesis across studies. Overall, there was very little evidence of good quality to make clear evidence-based recommendations. Despite methodological limitations, the evidence as it stands suggests that peer health initiatives improve well-being in female street-based sex workers. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a diary-based method of collecting real-life behavioural data through the use of twice-daily questionnaires via a smartphone, increased self-esteem and behaviour change intentions.
CONCLUSIONS
Work with sex workers should be based on an evidence-based approach. Limitations to the existing evidence and the constraints of this work with vulnerable groups are recognised and discussed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Psychosocial Intervention; Sex Workers
PubMed: 33926909
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-201028