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Acta Medica Portuguesa Jun 1998The authors, using the Cancer Registry data of S. Antonio General Hospital in Oporto, selected the cancer cases from 1981 to 1993. Distribution according to age, sex,...
The authors, using the Cancer Registry data of S. Antonio General Hospital in Oporto, selected the cancer cases from 1981 to 1993. Distribution according to age, sex, topography and morphology is presented. Seven point nine percent of the 12,124 cases mentioned in the Registry were skin cancers (n = 883). They were mostly on the face (56.8%), trunk (11.7%) and scalp and neck (7.7%). As for the type of tumour, 472 basaliomas, 231 squamous cell carcinomas and 63 melanomas were recorded. One may conclude that basaliomas and squamous cell cancers arise at a later age than melanomas; melanomas are more frequent on the lower limbs and on the trunk; squamous cell carcinomas are more frequent on the face and lips. Basalioma is more frequent on the face. These results are in accordance with those published internationally.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Portugal; Registries; Sex Distribution; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 9773530
DOI: No ID Found -
Global Heart Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Age Distribution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Morbidity; North America; Risk Assessment; Sex Distribution; Survival Rate
PubMed: 30360789
DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.515 -
PloS One 2022Firearms cause the most suicides (60%) and homicides (36%) in the US. The high lethality and availability of firearms make them a particularly dangerous method of...
BACKGROUND
Firearms cause the most suicides (60%) and homicides (36%) in the US. The high lethality and availability of firearms make them a particularly dangerous method of attempted violence. The aim of this study was to study US trends in firearm suicide and homicide mortality and years of potential life lost before age 75 (YPLL-75) between 1981 and 2020.
METHODS
Data in this cross-sectional study were collected between 1981 and 2020 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s WISQARS database for fatal injury and violence. Data from the US population were considered for all age groups and were divided by racial groups and sex for analysis.
RESULTS
Those most heavily impacted by firearm homicide were Black, with homicide age-adjusted death rates almost seven times higher than White people. A spike in firearm homicide deaths occurred between 2019 and 2020, with Black people having the largest increase (39%). White people had the highest rates of firearm suicide, and suicide death rates increased between 2019 and 2020. Increases in homicide and suicide YPLL-75 between 2011 and 2020 had most heavily impacted minority populations. Men had a firearm suicide rate that was seven times higher than women, and a firearm homicide rate that was five times higher than women.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that Black and White men were most impacted by firearm deaths, and that firearm homicide and suicide rates increased between 2019 and 2020 for all racial groups except Asian/Pacific Islander. Our results suggest that prevention efforts should focus on specific demographic factors and articulate the urgency to mitigate firearm-related deaths in the US.
Topics: Male; United States; Humans; Female; Aged; Firearms; Suicide; Cross-Sectional Studies; Age Distribution; Sex Distribution; Homicide; Racial Groups; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 36516140
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278304 -
NCHS Data Brief Dec 2021This report presents final 2020 U.S. mortality data on deaths and death rates by demographic and medical characteristics. These data provide information on mortality...
This report presents final 2020 U.S. mortality data on deaths and death rates by demographic and medical characteristics. These data provide information on mortality patterns in U.S. residents by variables such as sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, and cause of death. Life expectancy estimates, age-adjusted death rates, age-specific death rates, 10 leading causes of death, and 10 leading causes of infant death were analyzed by comparing 2020 and 2019 final data (1).
Topics: Cause of Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Life Expectancy; Mortality; Sex Distribution; United States
PubMed: 34978528
DOI: No ID Found -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2016
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Netherlands; Psychiatry; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors
PubMed: 27320506
DOI: No ID Found -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jul 2021The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly created widespread impacts on global health and the economy. Data suggest that women are less susceptible to... (Review)
Review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly created widespread impacts on global health and the economy. Data suggest that women are less susceptible to severe illness. However, sex-disaggregated data are incomplete, leaving room for misinterpretation, and focusing only on biologic sex underestimates the gendered impact of the pandemic on women. This narrative review summarizes what is known about gender disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic, domestic, and health burdens along with overlapping vulnerabilities related to the pandemic. In addition, this review outlines recommended strategies that advocacy groups, community leaders, and policymakers should implement to mitigate the widening gender disparities related to COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Female; Global Health; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors
PubMed: 34218863
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.04.009 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Nov 2019More men than women undergo kidney replacement therapy (KRT) despite a larger number of women being affected by CKD. The aim of this multinational European study was to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
More men than women undergo kidney replacement therapy (KRT) despite a larger number of women being affected by CKD. The aim of this multinational European study was to explore whether there might be historic and geographic trends in sex-specific incidence and prevalence of various KRT modalities.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS
We assessed sex-specific differences in KRT incidence and prevalence using data from nine countries reporting to the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry for at least 40 years, during the period 1965-2015. Sex distribution data were compared with the European general population (Eurostat). Statistical methodology included basic descriptive statistics, incidence and prevalence calculations per million population (pmp), as well as their male-to-female ratios. Analyses were stratified by age group and diabetic status.
RESULTS
We analyzed data from 230,378 patients receiving KRT (38% women). For all KRT modalities, the incidence and prevalence rates were consistently higher in men than women. For example, the KRT incidence increased from 8 pmp in 1965-1974 to 98 pmp in 2005-2015 in women, whereas it rose from 12 to 173 pmp in men during the same period. Male-to-female ratios, calculated for incident and prevalent KRT patients, increased with age (range 1.2-2.4), showing consistency over decades and for individual countries, despite marked changes in primary kidney disease (diabetes more prevalent than glomerulonephritis in recent decades). The proportion of kidney transplants decreased less with age in incident and prevalent men compared with women on KRT. Stratified analysis of patients who were diabetic versus nondiabetic revealed that the male-to-female ratio was markedly higher for kidney transplantation in patients with diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS
Since the beginning of KRT programs reporting to the ERA-EDTA Registry since the 1960s, fewer women than men have received KRT. The relative difference between men and women initiating and undergoing KRT has remained consistent over the last five decades and in all studied countries.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Replacement Therapy; Sex Distribution; Time Factors
PubMed: 31649071
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04400419 -
BMC Medical Research Methodology Oct 2016There has been a recent swell in activity by health research funding organizations and science journal editors to increase uptake of sex and gender considerations in...
BACKGROUND
There has been a recent swell in activity by health research funding organizations and science journal editors to increase uptake of sex and gender considerations in study design, conduct and reporting in order to ensure that research results apply to everyone. However, examination of the implementation research literature reveals that attention to sex and gender has not yet infiltrated research methods in this field.
DISCUSSION
The rationale for routinely considering sex and gender in implementation research is multifold. Sex and gender are important in decision-making, communication, stakeholder engagement and preferences for the uptake of interventions. Gender roles, gender identity, gender relations, and institutionalized gender influence the way in which an implementation strategy works, for whom, under what circumstances and why. There is emerging evidence that programme theories may operate differently within and across sexes, genders and other intersectional characteristics under various circumstances. Furthermore, without proper study, implementation strategies may inadvertently exploit or ignore, rather than transform thinking about sex and gender-related factors. Techniques are described for measuring and analyzing sex and gender in implementation research using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The present paper describes the application of methods for integrating sex and gender in implementation research. Consistently asking critical questions about sex and gender will likely lead to the discovery of positive outcomes, as well as unintended consequences. The result has potential to strengthen both the practice and science of implementation, improve health outcomes and reduce gender inequities.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Research Design; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors
PubMed: 27788671
DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0247-7 -
BMC Medicine Apr 2004Understanding variations in the incidence of schizophrenia is a crucial step in unravelling the aetiology of this group of disorders. The aims of this review are to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Understanding variations in the incidence of schizophrenia is a crucial step in unravelling the aetiology of this group of disorders. The aims of this review are to systematically identify studies related to the incidence of schizophrenia, to describe the key features of these studies, and to explore the distribution of rates derived from these studies.
METHODS
Studies with original data related to the incidence of schizophrenia (published 1965-2001) were identified via searching electronic databases, reviewing citations and writing to authors. These studies were divided into core studies, migrant studies, cohort studies and studies based on Other Special Groups. Between- and within-study filters were applied in order to identify discrete rates. Cumulative plots of these rates were made and these distributions were compared when the underlying rates were sorted according to sex, urbanicity, migrant status and various methodological features.
RESULTS
We identified 100 core studies, 24 migrant studies, 23 cohort studies and 14 studies based on Other Special Groups. These studies, which were drawn from 33 countries, generated a total of 1,458 rates. Based on discrete core data for persons (55 studies and 170 rates), the distribution of rates was asymmetric and had a median value (10%-90% quantile) of 15.2 (7.7-43.0) per 100,000. The distribution of rates was significantly higher in males compared to females; the male/female rate ratio median (10%-90% quantile) was 1.40 (0.9-2.4). Those studies conducted in urban versus mixed urban-rural catchment areas generated significantly higher rate distributions. The distribution of rates in migrants was significantly higher compared to native-born; the migrant/native-born rate ratio median (10%-90% quantile) was 4.6 (1.0-12.8). Apart from the finding that older studies reported higher rates, other study features were not associated with significantly different rate distributions (e.g. overall quality, methods related to case finding, diagnostic confirmation and criteria, the use of age-standardization and age range).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a wealth of data available on the incidence of schizophrenia. The width and skew of the rate distribution, and the significant impact of sex, urbanicity and migrant status on these distributions, indicate substantial variations in the incidence of schizophrenia.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Rural Health; Schizophrenia; Sex Distribution; Transients and Migrants; Urban Health
PubMed: 15115547
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-2-13 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2014
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Animals; Child; Disease Management; Female; Global Health; Humans; Low Tension Glaucoma; Male; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 24881595
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.133478