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F1000Research 2019is the most common, curable non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Despite this burden of disease, it is not currently a reportable disease in the... (Review)
Review
is the most common, curable non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Despite this burden of disease, it is not currently a reportable disease in the United States. Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of infection are described in this article. This includes updated global and U.S. prevalence data in women and men as well as recent epidemiological data in HIV-infected individuals and pregnant women. Advances in molecular diagnostics are also reviewed, as are data from recent clinical trials regarding the treatment of trichomonas in women.
Topics: Coinfection; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas vaginalis; United States
PubMed: 31583080
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19972.1 -
The New Microbiologica Jan 2022Syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema pallidum(syphilis treponeme). In recent decades there has been a drastic... (Review)
Review
Syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema pallidum(syphilis treponeme). In recent decades there has been a drastic increase in cases of syphilis,with a relative increase in scientific interest in this regard. However, the data concerning the studyof microbiota in syphilis are few and very scattered.This brief review provides a quick update on the disease, with particular attention to the role of themicrobiota, an aspect not always adequately considered in the evaluation of the pathology. The usualcoexistence of different sexually transmitted diseases in the same patients led us to delve also intothe possible role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of syphilis; indeed, not all sexual contactslead to infections, suggesting that host immunity and local microbiota could modulate the historyof sexually transmitted disease. In both males and females, alteration of the microbiota may be involvedin syphilis as well as in the other sexually transmitted diseases. Finally, since 9% of the totalproteome of T. pallidum is spent for transportome, the latter may provide essential nutrients, makingT. pallidum able to adapt to a diverse range of microenvironments and stresses in the human host.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum
PubMed: 35403844
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine May 2018
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Brazil; Clinical Decision-Making; Female; HIV Infections; Health Policy; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Research; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 29794602
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010109 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Feb 2016School-based sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening (SBSS) was designed to provide chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, treatment, and counseling to adolescents in a... (Review)
Review
School-based sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening (SBSS) was designed to provide chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, treatment, and counseling to adolescents in a school setting to overcome some of the difficulties of screening in this population. To inform STD control programs and other entities on decision making about potentially implementing this intervention, we reviewed existing published and gray literature on SBSS from 1998 to 2014. Although they are work-intensive to establish, school-based STD screening programs are a feasible and cost-effective way of testing large numbers of male and female adolescents for chlamydia and gonorrhea, and to provide counseling and treatment to almost all those who are found infected. School-based STD screening programs do not seem to reduce prevalence in either the school or the general adolescent population, although there are currently relatively few studies on large-scale SBSS. More research in this field is needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Feasibility Studies; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Infection Control; Male; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Program Development; Program Evaluation; School Health Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States
PubMed: 26779684
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000283 -
American Journal of Public Health Jul 2016
Topics: Biomedical Research; Female; Guatemala; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Justice; United States; Vaccination
PubMed: 27285251
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303205 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Oct 2019Athletes are susceptible to many acute illnesses that can interfere with their ability to train and compete as well as potentially affecting teammates and coaching... (Review)
Review
Athletes are susceptible to many acute illnesses that can interfere with their ability to train and compete as well as potentially affecting teammates and coaching staff. A solid understanding of the preventive measures, diagnosis, and management of such diseases is paramount in the care of an athletic population.
Topics: Acute Disease; Athletic Performance; Diarrhea; Humans; Physical Conditioning, Human; Respiratory Tract Infections; Return to Sport; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Travel-Related Illness; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 31472768
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2019.05.001 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases May 2023Each year, Florida Department of Health staff process hundreds of thousands of electronically received laboratory results for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC). These...
Evaluation of Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance System Electronic Laboratory Processing in Florida: Automating Case Creation, Reporting, and Closure of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Cases.
BACKGROUND
Each year, Florida Department of Health staff process hundreds of thousands of electronically received laboratory results for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC). These processing steps are currently performed manually in Florida's surveillance system and divert from other sexually transmitted disease prevention efforts. We developed processes that would automate these procedures and evaluated the impact on potential programmatic time savings.
METHODS
We evaluated 575,952 electronic CT/GC laboratory results from January 2019 to December 2021. Laboratory results were processed through the newly automated procedures and algorithms. Expected time savings were projected using conservative estimates of 1 minute saved every time an automated process replaced a current manual procedure: profile matching, profile creation, event record creation, case review, and case reporting. Exceptions to automatic case reporting applied to certain higher-priority populations needing intervention.
RESULTS
During this period, 297,348 electronic CT/GC laboratory results were received for people with no previous recorded history of sexually transmitted diseases and required profile creation. In total, 386,763 new surveillance infection records were created for reporting. Of reported cases, 127,345 were from higher-priority groups. The proposed automations would have saved an estimated 33,121 hours of staff time, about 11,040 hours or the work of 5.3 full-time staff annually.
CONCLUSIONS
Automating current CT/GC laboratory processing would save thousands of personnel hours that could be redirected to higher-priority activities. Flexibility in prioritization criteria for automated case reporting allows programs to adjust automation to disease prevention priorities and resources. Similar automation procedures could be developed by other jurisdictions or health programs.
Topics: Humans; Gonorrhea; Florida; Chlamydia Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Chlamydia
PubMed: 36631063
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001767 -
Journal of the National Medical... Feb 2006Sexuality is one of the most pervasive aspects of the human life cycle. It warrants attention in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, and is an integral part of each...
OBJECTIVE
Sexuality is one of the most pervasive aspects of the human life cycle. It warrants attention in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, and is an integral part of each health maintenance visit. Given this, it is unfortunate that U.S. medical schools do not offer more training in soliciting sexual histories and initiating dialogue about sexually healthy lifestyles.
METHODS
Fourth-year medical student completed an adolescent and young-adult sexually transmitted disease elective.
RESULTS
This elective allows medical students to confront personal biases and discomfort levels yet remain objective. It is also an opportunity to explore how the provider's body language and facial expressions can discourage information disclosure. Although sexuality is very prevalent in our society today, patients may still be apprehensive about discussing details of their sexual practices. Therefore, it becomes incumbent upon the physician to create an environment free from personal prejudice in order to best serve the patient.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to promote sexual health awareness in a society that can be conservative and judgmental in this subject matter, it is essential to train all healthcare providers to lead discussions, educate patients and provide treatment in hopes that sexual health promotion will become as important as other socially accepted healthcare concerns.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Medicine; Adult; Age Factors; Communication; Community Health Centers; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Humans; Life Style; Medical History Taking; Patient Education as Topic; Physician-Patient Relations; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 16708515
DOI: No ID Found -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Feb 2016Partner services have been a mainstay of public health sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention programs for decades. The principal goals are to interrupt... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Partner services have been a mainstay of public health sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention programs for decades. The principal goals are to interrupt transmission and reduce STD morbidity and sequelae. In this article, we review current literature with the goal of informing STD prevention programs.
METHODS
We searched the literature for systematic reviews. We found 9 reviews published between 2005 and 2014 (covering 108 studies). The reviews varied by study inclusion criteria (e.g., study methods, geographic location, and infections). We abstracted major conclusions and recommendations from the reviews.
RESULTS
Conclusions and recommendations were divided into patient referral interventions and provider referral interventions. For patient referral, there was evidence supporting the use of expedited partner therapy and interactive counseling, but not purely didactic instruction. Provider referral through Disease Intervention Specialists was efficacious and particularly well supported for HIV. For other studies, modeling data and testing outcomes showed that partner notification in general reached high-prevalence populations. Reviews also suggested more focus on using technology and population-level implementation strategies. However, partner services may not be the most efficient means to reach infected persons.
CONCLUSIONS
Partner services programs constitute a large proportion of program STD prevention activities. Value is maximized by balancing a portfolio of patient and provider referral interventions and by blending partner notification interventions with other STD prevention interventions in overall partner services program structure. Sexually transmitted disease prevention needs program-level research and development to generate this portfolio.
Topics: Contact Tracing; Humans; Prevalence; Program Evaluation; Public Health; Referral and Consultation; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States
PubMed: 26779688
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000328 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Feb 2016Policies are an important part of public health interventions, including in the area of sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. Similar to other tools used in... (Review)
Review
Policies are an important part of public health interventions, including in the area of sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention. Similar to other tools used in public health, policies are often evaluated to determine their usefulness. Therefore, we conducted a nonsystematic review of policy evidence for STD prevention. Our review considers assessments or evaluations of STD prevention-specific policies, health care system policies, and other, broader policies that have the potential to impact STD prevention through social determinants of health. We also describe potential policy opportunity in these areas. It should be noted that we found gaps in policy evidence for some areas; thus, additional research would be useful for public health policy interventions for STD prevention.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Evidence-Based Practice; Government Programs; Humans; Policy Making; Public Health; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States
PubMed: 26779683
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000289