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Medecine Sciences : M/S Dec 2020One of the major challenges of the 21 century is the fight against aging, defined as a set of physiological mechanisms altering the physical and intellectual capacities... (Review)
Review
One of the major challenges of the 21 century is the fight against aging, defined as a set of physiological mechanisms altering the physical and intellectual capacities of human beings. Aging of the skin is only one visible part of this process. It is associated with major healing defects linked in part to the alteration of the biomechanical properties of skin cells, mainly dermal fibroblasts. The immune system, another key component in maintaining skin homeostasis and the efficient healing of wounds, also suffers the effects of time: the consequent skin immunosenescence would limit the anti-infectious and vaccine response, while promoting a pro-tumor environment. The main skin damages due to aging, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, will be detailed before listing the effective anti-aging strategies to combat age-related dermal and epidermal stigmas.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Cellular Senescence; Drugs, Investigational; Epidermis; Humans; Skin; Skin Aging; Therapies, Investigational; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33296633
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020232 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021The skin, being the barrier organ of the body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli impacting its morphology and function. Senescent cells have been found to... (Review)
Review
The skin, being the barrier organ of the body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli impacting its morphology and function. Senescent cells have been found to accumulate with age and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Natural polyphenols exert many health benefits, including ameliorative effects on skin aging. By affecting molecular pathways of senescence, polyphenols are able to prevent or delay the senescence formation and, consequently, avoid or ameliorate aging and age-associated pathologies of the skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in skin aging and cellular senescence, and to summarize the recent in vitro studies related to the anti-senescent mechanisms of natural polyphenols carried out on keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Aged skin in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic will be also discussed.
Topics: Aging; COVID-19; Cellular Senescence; Fibroblasts; Humans; Keratinocytes; Melanocytes; Polyphenols; SARS-CoV-2; Skin; Skin Aging
PubMed: 34884444
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312641 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Jan 2015With worldwide expansion of the aging population, research on age-related pathologies is receiving growing interest. In this review, we discuss current knowledge... (Review)
Review
With worldwide expansion of the aging population, research on age-related pathologies is receiving growing interest. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the decline of skin structure and function induced by the passage of time (chronological aging) and chronic exposure to solar UV irradiation (photoaging). Nearly every aspect of skin biology is affected by aging. The self-renewing capability of the epidermis, which provides vital barrier function, is diminished with age. Vital thermoregulation function of eccrine sweat glands is also altered with age. The dermal collagenous extracellular matrix, which comprises the bulk of skin and confers strength and resiliency, undergoes gradual fragmentation, which deleteriously impacts skin mechanical properties and dermal cell functions. Aging also affects wound repair, pigmentation, innervation, immunity, vasculature, and subcutaneous fat homeostasis. Altogether, age-related alterations of skin lead to age-related skin fragility and diseases.
Topics: Body Temperature Regulation; Collagen; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Regeneration; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Pigmentation; Subcutaneous Fat; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 25561721
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015370 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Dec 2020The skin is a sentinel organ making easily visible the passing of time. Chronological and environmental aging weakens skin structure and functions. The skin barrier, the... (Review)
Review
The skin is a sentinel organ making easily visible the passing of time. Chronological and environmental aging weakens skin structure and functions. The skin barrier, the elastic and mechanical properties of the cutaneous tissue as well as its vascular reactivity are impacted by aging. The barrier dysfunction in aged skin is caused by defects in epidermal keratinocytes renewal and differentiation notably linked to abnormal expression of microRNAs regulating cell death and autophagy. An abnormal balance between synthesis and degradation of matrix proteins modifies the mechanical properties of the dermis in aged skin. Finally, a reduction of the vascular reactivity linked to endothelial dysfunctions is observed in elderly people. These biological processes can be targeted by therapeutic approaches either topical or systemic, especially using anti-oxydants or senolytics. These anti-aging strategies might contribute to restore, at least in part, the functional integrity of aged skin.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cosmeceuticals; Dermatologic Agents; Epidermis; Humans; Microvessels; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Therapies, Investigational
PubMed: 33296632
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020223 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina,... Jun 2008There are two main processes that induce skin aging: intrinsic and extrinsic. A stochastic process that implies random cell damage as a result of mutations during... (Review)
Review
There are two main processes that induce skin aging: intrinsic and extrinsic. A stochastic process that implies random cell damage as a result of mutations during metabolic processes due to the production of free radicals is also implicated. Extrinsic aging is caused by environmental factors such as sun exposure, air pollution, smoking, alcohol abuse, and poor nutrition. Intrinsic aging reflects the genetic background and depends on time. Various expressions of intrinsic aging include smooth, thinning skin with exaggerated expression lines. Extrinsically aged skin is characterized by photo damage as wrinkles, pigmented lesions, patchy hypopigmentations, and actinic keratoses. Timely protection including physical and chemical sunscreens, as well as avoiding exposure to intense UV irradiation, is most important. A network of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C, coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, glutathione, and others can reduce signs of aging. Further anti-aging products are three generations of retinoids, among which the first generation is broadly accepted. A diet with lot of fruits and vegetables containing antioxidants is recommended as well as exercise two or three times a week.
Topics: Humans; Skin Aging
PubMed: 18709289
DOI: No ID Found -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Sep 2021The skin is comprised of different cell types with different proliferative capacities. Skin aging occurs with chronological age and upon exposure to extrinsic factors... (Review)
Review
The skin is comprised of different cell types with different proliferative capacities. Skin aging occurs with chronological age and upon exposure to extrinsic factors such as photodamage. During aging, senescent cells accumulate in different compartments of the human skin, leading to impaired skin physiology. Diverse skin cell types may respond differently to senescence-inducing stimuli and it is not clear how this results in aging-associated skin phenotypes and pathologies. This review aims to examine and provide an overview of current evidence of cellular senescence in the skin. We will focus on cellular characteristics and behaviour of different skin cell types undergoing senescence in the epidermis and dermis, with a particular focus on the complex interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and DNA damage pathways. We will also examine how the dermis and epidermis cope with the accumulation of DNA damage during aging.
Topics: Aging; Autophagy; Cellular Senescence; DNA Damage; Humans; Mitochondria; Skin; Skin Aging
PubMed: 34166688
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111525 -
Current Aging Science 2020Ageing is a natural phenomenon which is a fold, ridge and crease in the skin that occurs due to loss of body mass, poor hydration, disintegration of dermis and epidermis... (Review)
Review
Ageing is a natural phenomenon which is a fold, ridge and crease in the skin that occurs due to loss of body mass, poor hydration, disintegration of dermis and epidermis junction. The Skin ageing process involves many changes that occur due to the combination of both endogenous factors (gene mutation, cellular metabolism, and hormonal factor) and exogenous factors (U.V, pollutants, chemical, and toxins). In 1950, the number of older people were found to be almost 205 million across the globe. But this number almost got 4 times by the year 2012 and the number of older persons increased to a massive amount of 810 million. The ageing of the skin occurs due to various mechanisms like glycation, free radical, cell cycle, and cellular and molecular mechanism of skin ageing. In this review article, we have discussed the treatment, worldwide newer therapies and marketed formulation that are currently available for the reduction of skin ageing. The most promising and revolutionizing field of nanotechnology is mostly applied in the field of dermatology, cosmetics, and biomedical applications. Nanotechnology also plays a vital role in increasing the efficacy of the product.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Compounding; Humans; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Rejuvenation; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Cream; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31530270
DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190809161115 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Nov 2021Sunscreens have been on the market for many decades as a means of protection against ultraviolet-induced erythema. Over the years, evidence has also shown their efficacy... (Review)
Review
Sunscreens have been on the market for many decades as a means of protection against ultraviolet-induced erythema. Over the years, evidence has also shown their efficacy in the prevention of photoaging, dyspigmentation, DNA damage, and photocarcinogenesis. In the USA, most broad-spectrum sunscreens provide protection against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and short-wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Evidence suggests that visible light and infrared light may play a role in photoaging and should be considered when choosing a sunscreen. Currently, there is a paucity of US FDA-approved filters that provide protection against long UVA (> 370 nm) and none against visible light. Additionally, various sunscreen additives such as antioxidants and photolyases have also been reported to protect against and possibly reverse signs of photoaging. This literature review evaluates the utility of sunscreen in protecting against photoaging and further explores the requirements for an ideal sunscreen.
Topics: Drug Approval; Humans; Skin; Skin Aging; Sun Protection Factor; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 34387824
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00632-5 -
Nutrients Oct 2019The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, blind study was to investigate the effects of the drinkable nutraceutical ELASTEN (QUIRIS Healthcare, Gütersloh,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, blind study was to investigate the effects of the drinkable nutraceutical ELASTEN (QUIRIS Healthcare, Gütersloh, Germany) on skin aging and skin health. Drinking ampoules provides a blend of 2.5 g of collagen peptides, acerola fruit extract, vitamin C, zinc, biotin, and a native vitamin E complex. This controlled interventional trial was performed on 72 healthy women aged 35 years or older. They received either the food supplement ( = 36) or a placebo ( = 36) for twelve weeks. A skin assessment was carried out and based on objective validated methods, including corneometry (skin hydration), cutometry (elasticity), the use of silicon skin replicas with optical 3D phase-shift rapid in-vivo measurements (PRIMOS) (roughness), and skin sonography (density). The verum group was followed for an additional four weeks (without intake of the test product) to evaluate the sustainability of the changes induced by the intake of the test product. The test product significantly improved skin hydration, elasticity, roughness, and density. The differences between the verum group and the placebo group were statistically significant for all test parameters. These positive effects were substantially retained during the follow-up. The measured effects were fully consistent with the subjective assessments of the study participants. The nutraceutical was well tolerated.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Collagen; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Aging; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31627309
DOI: 10.3390/nu11102494 -
Nutrients Jan 2021Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual's overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the... (Review)
Review
Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual's overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body, including the skin. The present study draws attention to bioactive substances, i.e., vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with a particular focus on their effects on the condition of the skin. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of bioactive substances on skin parameters such as elasticity, firmness, wrinkles, senile dryness, hydration and color, and to define their role in the process of skin ageing.
Topics: Antioxidants; Carotenoids; Humans; Minerals; Skin; Skin Aging; Vitamins
PubMed: 33445474
DOI: 10.3390/nu13010203