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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body comprised of multiple layers with different types of cells. Different kinds of environmental stressors, for... (Review)
Review
Skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body comprised of multiple layers with different types of cells. Different kinds of environmental stressors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), temperature, air pollutants, smoking, and diet, accelerate skin aging by stimulating inflammatory molecules. Skin aging caused by UVR is characterized by loss of elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, reduced epidermal and dermal components, increased epidermal permeability, delayed wound healing, and approximately 90% of skin aging. These external factors can cause aging through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, as well as aged skin is a source of circulatory inflammatory molecules which accelerate skin aging and cause aging-related diseases. This review article focuses on the inflammatory pathways associated with UVR-mediated skin aging.
Topics: Antioxidants; Elasticity; Humans; Inflammation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33921444
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083974 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are... (Review)
Review
Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of "cosmetics" and "pharmaceuticals". "Nutricosmetics" are related dietary supplements or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance. Cosmetic-containing herbals are topical cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the health and beauty of the skin. Cosmetic-containing herbals improve appearance by delivering essential nutrients to the skin. Several herbal products, such as cosmetic-containing herbals, are available. The present review highlights the use of natural products in cosmetic-containing herbals, as natural products have many curative effects as well as healing effects on skin and hair growth with minimal to no side effects. A brief description is given on such plants, their used parts, active ingredients, and the therapeutic properties associated with them. Mainly, the utilization of phytoconstituents as cosmetic-containing herbals in the care of skin and hair, such as dryness of skin, acne, eczema, inflammation of the skin, aging, hair growth, and dandruff, along with natural ingredients, such as for hair colorant, are explained in detail in the present review.
Topics: Biological Products; Cosmeceuticals; Cosmetics; Humans; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35164093
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030828 -
Cellular Senescence and the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype as Drivers of Skin Photoaging.The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Apr 2021Chronic exposure to UVR is known to disrupt tissue homeostasis, accelerate the onset of age-related phenotypes, and increase the risk for skin cancer-a phenomenon... (Review)
Review
Chronic exposure to UVR is known to disrupt tissue homeostasis, accelerate the onset of age-related phenotypes, and increase the risk for skin cancer-a phenomenon defined as photoaging. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on how UV exposure causes cells to prematurely enter cellular senescence. We describe the mechanisms contributing to the accumulation of senescent cells in the skin and how the persistence of cellular senescence can promote impaired regenerative capacity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis associated with photoaging. We conclude by highlighting the potential of senolytic drugs in delaying the onset and progression of age-associated phenotypes in the skin.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cellular Senescence; Humans; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33349436
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.031 -
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative... Oct 2022Senescence is an inevitable natural life process that involves structural and functional degeneration of tissues and organs. Recently, the process of skin aging has... (Review)
Review
Senescence is an inevitable natural life process that involves structural and functional degeneration of tissues and organs. Recently, the process of skin aging has attracted much attention. Determining a means to delay or even reverse skin aging has become a research hotspot in medical cosmetology and anti-aging. Dysfunction in the epidermis and fibroblasts and changes in the composition and content of the extracellular matrix are common pathophysiological manifestations of skin aging. Reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases play essential roles in this process. Stem cells are pluripotent cells that possess self-replication abilities and can differentiate into multiple functional cells under certain conditions. These cells also possess a strong ability to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Stem cell transplantation has the potential for application in anti-aging therapy. Increasing studies have demonstrated that stem cells perform functions through paracrine processes, particularly those involving exosomes. Exosomes are nano-vesicular substances secreted by stem cells that participate in cell-to-cell communication by transporting their contents into target cells. In this chapter, the biological characteristics of exosomes were reviewed, including their effects on extracellular matrix formation, epidermal cell function, fibroblast function and antioxidation. Exosomes derived from stem cells may provide a new means to reverse skin aging.
Topics: Exosomes; Fibroblasts; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin Aging; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35809187
DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00461-5 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Sep 2020Human skin acts as a barrier to protect our bodies from UV rays and external pathogens and to prevent water loss. Phenotypes of aging, or natural aging due to chronic... (Review)
Review
Human skin acts as a barrier to protect our bodies from UV rays and external pathogens and to prevent water loss. Phenotypes of aging, or natural aging due to chronic damage, include wrinkles and the reduction of skin thickness that occur because of a loss of skin cell function. The dysregulation of autophagy, a lysosome-related degradation pathway, can lead to cell senescence, cancer, and various human diseases due to abnormal cellular homeostasis. Here, we discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of autophagy involved in the anti-aging effects of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and aging in skin cells.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Autophagy; Cellular Senescence; Fibroblasts; Humans; Keratinocytes; Melanocytes; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases; Ultraviolet Rays; Water Loss, Insensible
PubMed: 32800183
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.023 -
Nutrients Jun 2021Hyaluronan (HA) is present in all connective tissues and organs, including the skin and joint fluid. However, few clinical trials have comprehensively evaluated the...
Hyaluronan (HA) is present in all connective tissues and organs, including the skin and joint fluid. However, few clinical trials have comprehensively evaluated the impacts of oral HA on skin conditions, including wrinkles and moisturization. In this study, we conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of daily HA (120 mg) intake for 12 weeks in 40 healthy Asian men and women (aged 35-64 years). Skin condition was determined by the evaluation of wrinkles, stratum corneum water content, the amount of transepidermal water loss, elasticity, and through image analysis. After 12 weeks, skin condition was significantly improved in terms of wrinkle assessment, stratum corneum water content, transepidermal water loss, and elasticity in the HA group compared to the placebo group. Regarding the percentage change from baseline, wrinkle assessment, stratum corneum water content, and skin elasticity were significantly improved in the HA group versus the placebo group after 8 and 12 weeks of ingestion. The present findings indicate that oral ingestion of HA may suppress wrinkles and improve skin condition.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Elasticity; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Aging; Taiwan
PubMed: 34203487
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072220 -
Aging Cell Jun 2023Despite the growing interest by researchers into cellular senescence, a hallmark of cellular aging, its role in human skin remains equivocal. The skin is the largest and... (Review)
Review
Despite the growing interest by researchers into cellular senescence, a hallmark of cellular aging, its role in human skin remains equivocal. The skin is the largest and most accessible human organ, reacting to the external and internal environment. Hence, it is an organ of choice to investigate cellular senescence and to target root-cause aging processes using senolytic and senomorphic agents, including naturally occurring plant-based derivatives. This review presents different aspects of skin cellular senescence, from physiology to pathology and signaling pathways. Cellular senescence can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the skin, indicating that both prosenescent and antisenescent therapies may be desirable, based on the context. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in skin cellular senescence may provide meaningful insights for developing effective therapeutics for senescence-related skin disorders, such as wound healing and cosmetic skin aging changes.
Topics: Humans; Cellular Senescence; Signal Transduction; Skin Aging
PubMed: 37042069
DOI: 10.1111/acel.13845 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Mar 2020Aging manifests with architectural alteration and functional decline of multiple organs throughout an organism. In mammals, aged skin is accompanied by a marked...
Aging manifests with architectural alteration and functional decline of multiple organs throughout an organism. In mammals, aged skin is accompanied by a marked reduction in hair cycling and appearance of bald patches, leading researchers to propose that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are either lost, differentiate, or change to an epidermal fate during aging. Here, we employed single-cell RNA-sequencing to interrogate aging-related changes in the HFSCs. Surprisingly, although numbers declined, aging HFSCs were present, maintained their identity, and showed no overt signs of shifting to an epidermal fate. However, they did exhibit prevalent transcriptional changes particularly in extracellular matrix genes, and this was accompanied by profound structural perturbations in the aging SC niche. Moreover, marked age-related changes occurred in many nonepithelial cell types, including resident immune cells, sensory neurons, and arrector pili muscles. Each of these SC niche components has been shown to influence HF regeneration. When we performed skin injuries that are known to mobilize young HFSCs to exit their niche and regenerate HFs, we discovered that aged skin is defective at doing so. Interestingly, however, in transplantation assays in vivo, aged HFSCs regenerated HFs when supported with young dermis, while young HFSCs failed to regenerate HFs when combined with aged dermis. Together, our findings highlight the importance of SC:niche interactions and favor a model where youthfulness of the niche microenvironment plays a dominant role in dictating the properties of its SCs and tissue health and fitness.
Topics: Animals; Dermis; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Hair Follicle; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscles; Re-Epithelialization; Regeneration; Sensory Receptor Cells; Skin Aging; Stem Cell Niche; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Transcriptome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32094197
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901720117 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Botanical ingredients have been used for thousands of years in skincare for their convenience as well as the diversity and abundance in compounds with biological... (Review)
Review
Botanical ingredients have been used for thousands of years in skincare for their convenience as well as the diversity and abundance in compounds with biological activity. Among these, polyphenols and especially flavonoids have gained increasing prominence due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the most used botanical preparations in anti-aging products marketed in 2011 were determined. The analysis was repeated in 2018 for new and reformulated products. The scientific evidence for their application as active ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics and their flavonoid content was also compiled by searching in online scientific databases. Overall, in 2018, there was a noticeable increase in the use of botanical preparations in anti-aging cosmetics. However, the top three botanical species in both years were , and , which is consistent with the greater amount of scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. Regarding the function of botanical preparations, there is a clear preference for DNA-protecting ingredients. The most prevalent flavonoids were flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. This study provided an updated overview of the market trends regarding the use of botanicals in anti-aging products and documented the state of the art of scientific evidence for the most used plants.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cosmetics; Flavonoids; Humans; Plant Extracts; Skin Aging
PubMed: 34208257
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123584 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2016Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth, and the third most abundant trace element in human body. It is present in water, plant and animal sources. On the... (Review)
Review
Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth, and the third most abundant trace element in human body. It is present in water, plant and animal sources. On the skin, it is suggested that silicon is important for optimal collagen synthesis and activation of hydroxylating enzymes, improving skin strength and elasticity. Regarding hair benefits, it was suggested that a higher silicon content in the hair results in a lower rate of hair loss and increased brightness. For these beneficial effects, there is growing interest in scientific studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of using dietary supplements containing silicon. Its use aims at increasing blood levels of this element and improving the skin and its annexes appearance. There are different forms of silicon supplements available and the most important consideration to be made in order to select the best option is related to safety and bioavailability. Silicon supplements are widely used, though there is wide variation in silicon bioavailability, ranging from values below 1% up to values close to 50%, depending on the chemical form. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific literature related to the different chemical forms of silicon supplements available and the limitations and recent progress in this field. According to reported studies, among the different chemical forms available, the orthosilicic acid (OSA) presents the higher bioavailability, whereas the others forms have absorption inversely proportional to the degree of polymerization. However, clinical studies evaluating safety and efficacy are still lacking.
Topics: Biological Availability; Collagen; Dietary Supplements; Hair Diseases; Humans; Nail Diseases; Silicic Acid; Silicon; Silicon Compounds; Skin Aging
PubMed: 27438201
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20163986