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Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2020We review online activism and its relations with offline collective action. Social media facilitate online activism, particularly by documenting and collating individual... (Review)
Review
We review online activism and its relations with offline collective action. Social media facilitate online activism, particularly by documenting and collating individual experiences, community building, norm formation, and development of shared realities. In theory, online activism could hinder offline protests, but empirical evidence for slacktivism is mixed. In some contexts, online and offline action could be unrelated because people act differently online versus offline, or because people restrict their actions to one domain. However, most empirical evidence suggests that online and offline activism are positively related and intertwined (no digital dualism), because social media posts can mobilise others for offline protest. Notwithstanding this positive relationship, the internet also enhances the visibility of activism and therefore facilitates repression in repressive contexts.
Topics: Group Processes; Humans; Social Media
PubMed: 32330859
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.003 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... May 2023Part of the appeal of attachment language is that it feels near to our everyday experience, as terms like 'attachment', 'security' or 'disorganisation' feel readily...
Part of the appeal of attachment language is that it feels near to our everyday experience, as terms like 'attachment', 'security' or 'disorganisation' feel readily recognisable. Yet, not one of these terms is used by academic attachment researchers in line with ordinary language. This has hindered the evidence-based use of attachment in practice, the feedback loop from practice to research and the dialogue between attachment researchers in developmental psychology and in social psychology. This paper pinpoints the difficulties arising from the existence of multiple versions of 'attachment theory' that use exactly the same terms, held by communities that assume that they are referring to the same thing and with little infrastructure to help them discover otherwise. When we talk past one another, the different communities with a stake in knowledge of attachment are obstructed from genuinely learning from one another, drawing on their respective strengths and pursuing collaborations. One factor contributing to this situation has been the use of attachment terminology with technical meanings, but often without setting out clear definitions. We here introduce a guide to attachment terminology used by the academic community, which has recently been published on the website of the Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies. The guide is meant for researchers, clinicians and everyone concerned with attachment to increase understanding of the technical meaning of important terminology used by researchers, and support the quality of discussions between researchers, and between researchers and clinicians and other publics.
Topics: Humans; Terminology as Topic; Object Attachment; Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Behavioral Research
PubMed: 35916428
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13675 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
Topics: Attitude; Emotions; Humans; Psychology, Social
PubMed: 8991001
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7072.1596a -
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese... 2021Environmental problems are closely related to human activities, especially economic activities. Nevertheless, on a personal level, we do not face these problems and seem... (Review)
Review
Environmental problems are closely related to human activities, especially economic activities. Nevertheless, on a personal level, we do not face these problems and seem to avoid them. Why are environmental problems not taken seriously despite their urgency? As economic activities for self-profit, including money, are the essence of human behavior, we have hypothesized that, "selfishness and endless desire are the essence of human beings' instinct for survival, and as a result, environmental destruction occurs". In this paper, first, we describe through the prism of evolution how the "selfish gene" affects the survival of cells, individuals, and human society. At the same time, we detail how humans have developed the cerebrum, acquired intelligence, and developed science. Second, we describe the mechanism of modern capitalism and the global environmental situation at present. Third, we consider the relationship between human selfishness and environmental problems from three viewpoints: game theory, behavioral economics, and sociology. Finally, we propose countermeasures to environmental problems from three perspectives: social psychology, social system, and new technologies.
Topics: Animals; Capitalism; Climate Change; Conservation of Natural Resources; Economics; Environment; Game Theory; Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Internationality; Medicine; Natural Resources; Psychology, Social
PubMed: 34719534
DOI: 10.1265/jjh.21008 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Nov 2015The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the literature on the relationship between eating disorders and social skills in adolescents. A search was made on... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the literature on the relationship between eating disorders and social skills in adolescents. A search was made on the Medline, SciELO and Lilacs databases, for items combining the terms 'eating disorders', 'anorexia nervosa', 'bulimia nervosa' and 'food behavior', with the terms 'social psychology' and 'social isolation', and with the keywords 'social competence', 'social skill' and 'interpersonal relations'. The following were included: studies on adolescents; in Portuguese, English and Spanish; published in the years 2007 through 2012. The search resulted in 63 articles, and 50 were included in this review. The majority of the studies were made in Brazil and the United States. Of the total, 43 were original articles. The studies aimed to understand how emotional state could influence the establishment of eating disorders, interpersonal relationships and peer relationship. The articles also discussed the influence of the media and of society in this process. Based on the analysis of the studies, it was observed that the greater an adolescent's repertory of social skills, the greater his or her factor of protection against the development of eating disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Brazil; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Social Skills
PubMed: 26602727
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152011.18362014 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... May 2013This article considers how the social psychology of intergroup processes helps to explain the presence and persistence of health disparities between members of socially... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This article considers how the social psychology of intergroup processes helps to explain the presence and persistence of health disparities between members of socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups.
METHOD
Social psychological theory and research on intergroup relations, including prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping, stigma, prejudice concerns, social identity threat, and the dynamics of intergroup interactions, is reviewed and applied to understand group disparities in health and health care. Potential directions for future research are considered.
RESULTS
Key features of group relations and dynamics, including social categorization, social hierarchy, and the structural positions of groups along dimensions of perceived warmth and competence, influence how members of high status groups perceive, feel about, and behave toward members of low status groups, how members of low status groups construe and cope with their situation, and how members of high and low status groups interact with each other. These intergroup processes, in turn, contribute to health disparities by leading to differential exposure to and experiences of chronic and acute stress, different health behaviors, and different quality of health care experienced by members of advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Within each of these pathways, social psychological theory and research identifies mediating mechanisms, moderating factors, and individual differences that can affect health.
CONCLUSIONS
A social psychological perspective illuminates the intergroup, interpersonal, and intrapersonal processes by which structural circumstances which differ between groups for historical, political, and economic reasons can lead to group differences in health.
Topics: Group Processes; Health Behavior; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Physician-Patient Relations; Prejudice; Psychological Theory; Psychology, Social; Social Class; Social Identification; Stereotyping; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 23646834
DOI: 10.1037/a0030358 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2020Interpersonal motor alignment is a ubiquitous behavior in daily social life. It is a building block for higher social cognition, including empathy and mentalizing and... (Review)
Review
Interpersonal motor alignment is a ubiquitous behavior in daily social life. It is a building block for higher social cognition, including empathy and mentalizing and promotes positive social effects. It can be observed as mimicry, synchrony and automatic imitation, to name a few. These phenomena rely on motor resonance processes, i.e., a direct link between the perception of an action and its execution. While a considerable literature debates its underlying mechanisms and measurement methods, the question of how motor alignment comes about and changes in ontogeny all the way until adulthood, is rarely discussed specifically. In this review we will focus on the link between interpersonal motor alignment, positive social effects and social cognition in infants, children, and adolescents, demonstrating that this link is present early on in development. Yet, in reviewing the existing literature pertaining to social psychology and developmental social cognitive neuroscience, we identify a knowledge gap regarding the healthy developmental changes in interpersonal motor alignment especially in adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cognition; Empathy; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Interpersonal Relations; Social Behavior; Social Cognition
PubMed: 32783968
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.032 -
Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2023This autobiographical essay traces my personal journey from grandson of a slave to a cultural psychologist examining racism. My journey includes growing up in a small... (Review)
Review
This autobiographical essay traces my personal journey from grandson of a slave to a cultural psychologist examining racism. My journey includes growing up in a small Ohio town, training in social psychology, and an academic career that was launched with the publication of in 1972. I weave my personal experiences with my analytical approach to racism that incorporates individual, institutional, and cultural factors that combine to explain systemic racism. The racism analysis is balanced by a narrative of mechanisms that confer resilience and psychological well-being on Black people as they navigate the obstacles of systemic racism. I also explore diversity as a form of psychological and behavioral competence required to live effectively in a diverse world. I conclude that these aspects of human relations can be better understood and addressed with advancement of diversity science.
Topics: Humans; Resilience, Psychological; Systemic Racism; Black People; Racism; Psychology, Social
PubMed: 36652304
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020822-052232 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jan 2016Our reliance on our group members has exerted a profound influence over our motivation: successful group functioning requires that we are motivated to interact, and... (Review)
Review
Our reliance on our group members has exerted a profound influence over our motivation: successful group functioning requires that we are motivated to interact, and engage, with those around us. In other words, we need to belong. In this article, I explore the developmental origins of our need to belong. I discuss existing evidence that, from early in development, children seek to affiliate with others and to form long-lasting bonds with their group members. Furthermore, when children are deprived of a sense of belonging, it has negative consequences for their well-being. This focus on social motivation enables us to examine why and in what circumstances children engage in particular behaviours. It thus provides an important complement to research on social cognition. In doing so, it opens up important questions for future research and provides a much-needed bridge between developmental and social psychology.
Topics: Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Interpersonal Relations; Motivation; Psychology, Developmental; Social Behavior
PubMed: 26644591
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0072 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica Jan 2012This article reviews the development of international research on the relationship between discrimination and health. It provides an overview of theoretical and... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the development of international research on the relationship between discrimination and health. It provides an overview of theoretical and empirical work on stigma and prejudice and their impact on discrimination and health. It argues that the literature on these issues has drawn primarily from social psychology and has focused on the impact of attitudes associated with stigma and prejudice on discriminatory practices and consequently health outcomes. It also identifies a growing trend in recent research towards a reconceptualization of stigma, prejudice and discrimination from the perspective of social inequality and structural violence, highlighting relations of power and exclusion that reinforce vulnerability within a complex social and political process. It concludes by briefly examining the ways in which this reconceptualization of discriminatory practices has generated a growing interest in the linkages between health and human rights and renewed interest in health and social justice; two major trends in the field of global public health.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Empirical Research; Global Health; Human Rights; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Prejudice; Social Stigma; Violence
PubMed: 22267076
DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100017