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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The widespread threat of antibiotic resistance requires new treatment options. Disrupting bacterial communication, quorum sensing (QS), has the potential to reduce...
The widespread threat of antibiotic resistance requires new treatment options. Disrupting bacterial communication, quorum sensing (QS), has the potential to reduce pathogenesis by decreasing bacterial virulence. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate (NaSa) on QS, virulence production and biofilm formation. In ATCC 25923 ( III), with or without serum, NaSa (10 mM) downregulated the QS system and decreased the secretion levels of alpha-hemolysin, staphopain A and delta-hemolysin. Inhibition of expression caused a downregulation of delta-hemolysin, decreasing biofilm dispersal and increasing biofilm formation on polystyrene and titanium under static conditions. In contrast, NaSa did not increase biofilm biomass under flow but caused one log reduction in biofilm viability on polystyrene pegs, resulting in biofilms being twice as susceptible to rifampicin. A concentration-dependent effect of NaSa was further observed, where high concentrations (10 mM) decreased expression, while low concentrations (≤0.1 mM) increased expression. In 8325-4 ( I), a high concentration of NaSa (10 mM) decreased expression, and a low concentration of NaSa (≤1 mM) increased and expression. The activity of NaSa on biofilm formation was dependent on type and material surface. Eight clinical strains isolated from prosthetic joint infection (PJI) or wound infection belonging to each of the four types were evaluated. The four PJI strains did not change their biofilm phenotype with NaSa on the clinically relevant titanium surface. Half of the wound strains ( III and IV) did not change the biofilm phenotype in the 3D collagen wound model. In addition, compared to the control, ATCC 25923 biofilms formed with 10 mM NaSa in the collagen model were more susceptible to silver. It is concluded that NaSa can inhibit QS in , decreasing the levels of toxin production with certain modulation of biofilm formation. The effect on biofilm formation was dependent on the strain and material surface. It is suggested that the observed NaSa inhibition of bacterial communication is a potential alternative or adjuvant to traditional antibiotics.
PubMed: 35992652
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931839 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Hard-to-heal wounds are typically infected with biofilm-producing microorganisms, such as which strongly contribute to delayed healing. Due to the global challenge of...
Hard-to-heal wounds are typically infected with biofilm-producing microorganisms, such as which strongly contribute to delayed healing. Due to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatment strategies are needed. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) by sodium salicylate in different strains (QS-competent, QS-mutant, and chronic wound strains) influences biofilm formation and tolerance to silver. Biofilm formation was evaluated in simulated serum-containing wound fluid in the presence or absence of sodium salicylate (NaSa). Biofilms were established using a 3D collagen-based biofilm model, collagen coated glass, and the Calgary biofilm device. Furthermore, the susceptibility of 48-h-old biofilms formed by laboratory and clinical strains in the presence or absence of NaSa towards silver was evaluated by assessing cell viability. Biofilms formed in the presence of NaSa were more susceptible to silver and contained reduced levels of virulence factors associated with biofilm development than those formed in the absence of NaSa. Biofilm aggregates formed by the wild-type but not the QS mutant strain, were smaller and less heterogenous in size when grown in cultures with NaSa compared to control. These data suggest that NaSa, via a reduction of cell aggregation in biofilms, allows the antiseptic to become more readily available to cells.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Silver; Sodium Salicylate; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33494399
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031060 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2022This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of curcumin (CCM) against gentamicin (GEN) and sodium salicylates (NaS)-induced ototoxic effects in rats. For 15...
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of curcumin (CCM) against gentamicin (GEN) and sodium salicylates (NaS)-induced ototoxic effects in rats. For 15 consecutive days, seven rat groups were given 1 mL/rat physiological saline orally, 1 mL/rat olive oil orally, 50 mg/kg bwt CCM orally, 120 mg/kg bwt GEN intraperitoneally, 300 mg/kg bwt NaS intraperitoneally, CCM+GEN, or CCM+NaS. The distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements were conducted. The rats' hearing function and balance have been behaviorally assessed using auditory startle response, Preyer reflex, and beam balance scale tests. The serum lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress biomarkers have been measured. Immunohistochemical investigations of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and the inflammatory indicator nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) in cochlear tissues were conducted. GEN and NaS exposure resulted in deficit hearing and impaired ability to retain balance. GEN and NaS exposure significantly decreased the reduced glutathione level and catalase activity but increased malondialdehyde content. GEN and NaS exposure evoked pathological alterations in cochlear and vestibular tissues and increased caspase-3 and NF-κB immunoexpression. CCM significantly counteracted the GEN and NaS injurious effects. These outcomes concluded that CCM could be a naturally efficient therapeutic agent against GEN and NaS-associated ototoxic side effects.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Caspase 3; Curcumin; Gentamicins; NF-kappa B; Sodium Salicylate; Apoptosis; Ototoxicity
PubMed: 35859240
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21932-1 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023Soil salinization substantially hampers the growth and development of wheat, potentially leading to plant death in severe cases, thus reducing grain yield and quality....
Soil salinization substantially hampers the growth and development of wheat, potentially leading to plant death in severe cases, thus reducing grain yield and quality. This phenomenon poses a significant threat to food security in China. We investigated the effects of two exogenous plant growth regulators, sodium salicylate and folcisteine, on the wheat physiology and key characteristics under salt stress using hydroponics method. The results indicated that both regulators effectively mitigated the growth inhibition of wheat under salt stress. We assessed morphological and physiological indexes, including antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], peroxidase [POD]) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in wheat after foliar application of sodium salicylate and folcisteine under salt stress. The findings revealed that sodium salicylate was more effective than folcisteine. However, folcisteine showed superior performance in reducing hydrogen peroxide (HO) content and superoxide anion (O) level compared to sodium salicylate. Simultaneously, Concurrent application of both regulators synergistically enhanced their efficacy, yielding the most favorable outcomes. In addition, this study noted that while the initial effects of these regulators were not pronounced, their sustained application significantly improved wheat growth in stressful condition and alleviated the detrimental impacts of salt stress. This approach could effectively guarantee the food security and production in China.
Topics: Seedlings; Triticum; Sodium Salicylate; Hydrogen Peroxide; Antioxidants; Salt Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38129459
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49629-6 -
Molecular Metabolism Feb 2022High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity impairs clearance of cholesterol through the Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) pathway, with downregulation in hepatic expression...
Sodium salicylate rewires hepatic metabolic pathways in obesity and attenuates IL-1β secretion from adipose tissue: The implications for obesity-impaired reverse cholesterol transport.
INTRODUCTION
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity impairs clearance of cholesterol through the Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) pathway, with downregulation in hepatic expression of cholesterol and bile acid transporters, namely ABCG5/8 and ABCB11, and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). In the current study, we hypothesized that the development of hepatosteatosis, secondary to adipose-tissue dysfunction, contributes to obesity-impaired RCT and that such effects could be mitigated using the anti-inflammatory drug sodium salicylate (NaS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
C57BL/6J mice, fed HFD ± NaS or low-fat diet (LFD) for 24 weeks, underwent glucose and insulin tolerance testing. The H-cholesterol movement from macrophage-to-feces was assessed in vivo. HDL-CEC was determined ex vivo. Cytokine secretion from adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells was measured ex vivo. Liver and HDL proteins were determined by mass spectrometry and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.
RESULTS
NaS delayed HFD-induced weight gain, abrogated priming of pro-IL-1β in SVFs, attenuated insulin resistance, and prevented steatohepatitis (ectopic fat accumulation in the liver). Prevention of hepatosteatosis coincided with increased expression of PPAR-alpha/beta-oxidation proteins with NaS and reduced expression of LXR/RXR-induced proteins including apolipoproteins. The latter effects were mirrored within the HDL proteome in circulation. Despite remarkable protection shown against steatosis, HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia and repression of the liver-to-bile cholesterol transporter, ABCG5/8, could not be rescued with NaS.
DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The cardiometabolic health benefits of NaS may be attributed to the reprogramming of hepatic metabolic pathways to increase fatty acid utilization in the settings of nutritional overabundance. Reduced hepatic cholesterol levels, coupled with reduced LXR/RXR-induced proteins, may underlie the lack of rescue of ABCG5/8 expression with NaS. This remarkable protection against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis did not translate to improvements in cholesterol homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Liver; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Sodium Salicylate
PubMed: 34954383
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101425 -
Pharmaceutics Oct 2022The present study analyzed experimental data from volumetric and viscosimetric measurements and computational simulations to understand caffeine hydration and...
The present study analyzed experimental data from volumetric and viscosimetric measurements and computational simulations to understand caffeine hydration and aggregation properties in 0.1 mol∙kg of sodium salicylate aqueous solution. Sodium salicylate reduces the bitter taste and increases the solubility of caffeine in water, which is the main reason for their combination in food products. The results noted in volumetric and viscosimetric measurements indicate that sodium salicylate promotes the self-aggregation of caffeine in water. After self-aggregation, the hydration number of caffeine significantly increases. Molecular simulations have allowed us to hypothesize how salicylate increases caffeine solubility. At the molecular level, relocating salicylate moiety from the parallel stacking (π-π) aromatic complex with caffeine and its hydration could be the main reason for increasing the solubility of caffeine in water. The presented study provides clear guidelines on the choice of additives to increase caffeine's solubility in aqueous media. The choice of salicylate as an additive to increase the solubility of caffeine is very important because caffeine and salicylate are found in combination in a large number of formulations.
PubMed: 36365123
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112304 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2021Previous studies have demonstrated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment in early lactation had a positive impact on whole-lactation milk production in older...
Previous studies have demonstrated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment in early lactation had a positive impact on whole-lactation milk production in older cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate proliferative, transcriptional, and epigenetic changes in the mammary gland that could explain increased production responses due to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment. Sodium salicylate (SAL; 125 g/d) or water (CON) were administered via oral drench to multiparous Holstein cows (n = 8/treatment) once daily for 3 d beginning approximately 24 h after parturition, and mammary tissue was collected on d 1, 4, and 45 postpartum. Day 1 tissue was collected immediately preceding the initial drench, and d 4 tissue was collected 24 h following the final drench. Blood was collected twice weekly and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and prolactin. Cows were milked twice daily until d 7 of lactation, and thrice daily for the remainder of the study. Total RNA extracted from tissue was deep-sequenced and analyzed for differential gene expression using DESeq2. We detected no treatment effect on milk yield or plasma metabolites through 45 d of lactation; additionally, no change in mammary epithelial cell proliferation was detected when assessed by Ki67 labeling. Comparison of SAL versus CON revealed that only 16 of 18,286 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.1) in mammary tissue collected on d 45, whereas no differentially expressed genes due to treatment were detected on d 1 or 4. Analysis of transcriptional differences over time showed downregulation of pathways related to immune cell recruitment and differentiation, and extensive overlap with pathways related to cholesterol synthesis and liver X receptor signaling. Global DNA methylation of mammary tissue was decreased for CON compared with SAL. Transcriptome analysis emphasized extensive involvement of immune-related signaling pathways in the switch from lactogenesis to galactopoiesis, and changes in methylation with SAL treatment merit future investigation into epigenetic effects on milk production.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Proliferation; DNA Methylation; Female; Lactation; Milk; Postpartum Period; Sodium Salicylate
PubMed: 34304880
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20109 -
Hearing Research Jan 2013High doses of sodium salicylate (SS) have long been known to induce temporary hearing loss and tinnitus, effects attributed to cochlear dysfunction. However, our recent... (Review)
Review
High doses of sodium salicylate (SS) have long been known to induce temporary hearing loss and tinnitus, effects attributed to cochlear dysfunction. However, our recent publications reviewed here show that SS can induce profound, permanent, and unexpected changes in the cochlea and central nervous system. Prolonged treatment with SS permanently decreased the cochlear compound action potential (CAP) amplitude in vivo. In vitro, high dose SS resulted in a permanent loss of spiral ganglion neurons and nerve fibers, but did not damage hair cells. Acute treatment with high-dose SS produced a frequency-dependent decrease in the amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions and CAP. Losses were greatest at low and high frequencies, but least at the mid-frequencies (10-20 kHz), the mid-frequency band that corresponds to the tinnitus pitch measured behaviorally. In the auditory cortex, medial geniculate body and amygdala, high-dose SS enhanced sound-evoked neural responses at high stimulus levels, but it suppressed activity at low intensities and elevated response threshold. When SS was applied directly to the auditory cortex or amygdala, it only enhanced sound evoked activity, but did not elevate response threshold. Current source density analysis revealed enhanced current flow into the supragranular layer of auditory cortex following systemic SS treatment. Systemic SS treatment also altered tuning in auditory cortex and amygdala; low frequency and high frequency multiunit clusters up-shifted or down-shifted their characteristic frequency into the 10-20 kHz range thereby altering auditory cortex tonotopy and enhancing neural activity at mid-frequencies corresponding to the tinnitus pitch. These results suggest that SS-induced hyperactivity in auditory cortex originates in the central nervous system, that the amygdala potentiates these effects and that the SS-induced tonotopic shifts in auditory cortex, the putative neural correlate of tinnitus, arises from the interaction between the frequency-dependent losses in the cochlea and hyperactivity in the central nervous system.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amygdala; Animals; Auditory Cortex; Auditory Pathways; Cochlea; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Geniculate Bodies; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Startle; Sodium Salicylate; Spiral Ganglion; Tinnitus
PubMed: 23201030
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.016 -
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and... Mar 2022As colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, practical prevention strategies for colon cancer are needed. Recently, treatment with aspirin and/or...
As colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, practical prevention strategies for colon cancer are needed. Recently, treatment with aspirin and/or 5-aminosalicylic acid-related agents was reported to reduce the number of intestinal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. To evaluate the mechanism of aspirin and 5-aminosalicylic acid for suppressing the colon polyp growth, single and combined effects of 5-aminosalicylic acid and sodium salicylate (metabolite of aspirin) were tested in the two human colon cancer cells with different cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels and intestinal polyp-derived cells from familial adenomatous polyposis model mouse. The combination induced cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase along with inhibition of cell growth and colony-forming ability in these cells. The combination reduced cyclin D1 via proteasomal degradation and activated retinoblastoma protein. The combination inhibited the colony-forming ability of mouse colonic mucosa cells by about 50% and the colony-forming ability of mouse intestinal polyp-derived cells by about 90%. The expression level of cyclin D1 in colon mucosa cells was lower than that in intestinal polyp-derived cells. These results suggest that this combination may be more effective in inhibiting cell growth of intestinal polyps through cyclin D1 down-regulation.
PubMed: 35400827
DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-74 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023To meet the current demand of assisted reproduction and animal breeding via superovulation and reduce the impact of hormone drugs, it is necessary to develop new...
To meet the current demand of assisted reproduction and animal breeding via superovulation and reduce the impact of hormone drugs, it is necessary to develop new superovulation drugs. This study examined the role of inflammation and steroids in ovulation. Sodium salicylate can regulate inflammation and steroids. However, the effect of sodium salicylate on ovulation has not been studied. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally injected with different concentrations of sodium salicylate for four consecutive days. The effects of sodium salicylate on oocyte quality and on the number of ovulations were examined, and these effects were compared with those of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin (PMSG)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment. We found that low-dose sodium salicylate increased the levels of ovulation hormones and inflammation by promoting the expression of CYP17A1. Sodium salicylate had the same effect as the commonly used superovulation drug PMSG/FSH and reduced the histone methylation level. Sodium salicylate can promote ovulation in mice and Awang sheep. It can greatly decrease the use of hormone drugs, reduce breeding costs and physical impacts, and can thus be used for livestock breeding.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Pregnancy; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins, Equine; Horses; Sheep; Sodium Salicylate; Steroids; Superovulation; Cytochrome P450 Family 17
PubMed: 36768902
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032579