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Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The dysbiotic gut microbiota and its metabolite secretions play a significant role in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The dysbiotic gut microbiota and its metabolite secretions play a significant role in CRC development and progression. In this study, we identified microbial and metabolic biomarkers applicable to CRC using a meta-analysis of metagenomic datasets from diverse geographical regions. We used LEfSe, random forest (RF), and co-occurrence network methods to identify microbial biomarkers. Geographic dataset-specific markers were identified and evaluated using area under the ROC curve (AUC) scores and random effect size. Co-occurrence networks analysis showed a reduction in the overall microbial associations and the presence of oral pathogenic microbial clusters in CRC networks. Analysis of predicted metabolites from CRC datasets showed the enrichment of amino acids, cadaverine, and creatine in CRC, which were positively correlated with CRC-associated microbes (Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Gemella morbillorum, Bacteroides fragilis, spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Solobacterium moorei, and Clostridium symbiosum), and negatively correlated with control-associated microbes. Conversely, butyrate, nicotinamide, choline, tryptophan, and 2-hydroxybutanoic acid showed positive correlations with control-associated microbes ( < 0.05). Overall, our study identified a set of global CRC biomarkers that are reproducible across geographic regions. We also reported significant differential metabolites and microbe-metabolite interactions associated with CRC. This study provided significant insights for further investigations leading to the development of noninvasive CRC diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. Several studies showed associations between gut dysbiosis and CRC. Yet, the results are not conclusive due to cohort-specific associations that are influenced by genomic, dietary, and environmental stimuli and associated reproducibility issues with various analysis approaches. Emerging evidence suggests the role of microbial metabolites in modulating host inflammation and DNA damage in CRC. However, the experimental validations have been hindered by cost, resources, and cumbersome technical expertise required for metabolomic investigations. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of CRC microbiota data from diverse geographical regions using multiple methods to achieve reproducible results. We used a computational approach to predict the metabolomic profiles using existing CRC metagenomic datasets. We identified a reliable set of CRC-specific biomarkers from this analysis, including microbial and metabolite markers. In addition, we revealed significant microbe-metabolite associations through correlation analysis and microbial gene families associated with dysregulated metabolic pathways in CRC, which are essential in understanding the vastly sporadic nature of CRC development and progression.
Topics: Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35766483
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00013-22 -
Heliyon Oct 2020() has been described as Gram-positive, non spore forming, obligate anaerobic bacillus from human feces. The traditional culture and identification of these strains is... (Review)
Review
() has been described as Gram-positive, non spore forming, obligate anaerobic bacillus from human feces. The traditional culture and identification of these strains is very difficult (as the strains are often not cultivable or they grow only relatively slowly, in addition to producing only a very few positive biochemical reactions in commercially available identification kits); thus, reliable identification may only be carried out using methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing. Regarding its pathogenic role, the relevance of in halitosis (oral malodor) has a good standing, as it has been suggested by multiple studies, while the isolation of these bacteria from invasive infections is very rare; there are only a few reports available in the literature, regarding infections outside the oral cavity. Based on these reports, affected patients are predominantly characterized compromised immunity and are frequently associated with a dental focus of infection. The aim of our present review is to summarize the currently available knowledge on the pathogenic role of in halitosis and other infections and to emphasize the relevance of this neglected anaerobic pathogen.
PubMed: 33163658
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05371 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2022The objective is to evaluate the association of Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei) to halitosis and to also check for the effects of two different mouth rinses on levels... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
The objective is to evaluate the association of Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei) to halitosis and to also check for the effects of two different mouth rinses on levels of S. moorei in saliva and tongue coating and its impact on oral halitosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a placebo-controlled parallel study of 160 individuals who were randomized and the study was performed using double-blinded protocol. Enrolled individuals filled a structured questionnaire regarding demographic data, oral hygiene habits, and dietary habits. Full mouth organoleptic odor scores (OLR), volatile sulfur compounds levels, Miyazaki's tongue coating index, and Plaque scores were recorded before intervention (baseline) and after 1-week post treatment. Microbiological samples obtained from the tongue and saliva was investigated for S. moorei levels using real time polymerase chain reaction. Participants were randomly assigned for two test mouth rinses (Melaleuca alternifolia and Chlorhexidine) and placebo groups.
RESULTS
All salivary and tongue coating samples were tested positive for S. moorei in the halitosis group. One week post-treatment S. moorei counts in saliva and tongue coating samples of test group showed a significant reduction at P < 0.001. Paired t-test results showed that Melaleuca alternifolia was comparable with chlorhexidine in reduction of OLR, and VSC scores (P < 0.001). Salivary levels of S. moorei in Melaleuca alternifolia group showed a higher reduction (5.67 log copies/mL) than chlorhexidine group (5.1log copies/mL).
CONCLUSION
S. moorei showed a positive correlation with oral halitosis scores. Both Melaleuca alternifolia and chlorhexidine were equally effective in reducing S. moorei levels and halitosis score.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Double-Blind Method; Firmicutes; Halitosis; Humans; Melaleuca; Mouthwashes
PubMed: 35546457
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_772_20 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Mar 2022is suggested to be associated with the production of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) and can be found in subgingival plaques of deep periodontal pockets. We examined...
OBJECTIVE
is suggested to be associated with the production of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) and can be found in subgingival plaques of deep periodontal pockets. We examined whether this bacterium's count was reduced in periodontitis patients with halitosis following non-surgical periodontal treatment, while the bacterial count of was measured simultaneously as a control.
MATERIAL & METHODS
This clinical study included 20 adults with chronic periodontitis who complained of halitosis. The bacterial relationship in the subgingival plaque sample was measured after 8 weeks post-treatment, including the probing pocket depth (PPD). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to measure the proportion of , while the concentrations of HS and CHSH were determined using oral ChromaTM.
RESULTS
The presence of was consistently observed in participants with periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment and consistent showed a significantly lower proportion compared with . showed a strong positive correlation with HS and CHSH concentrations, but a negative correlation with deep periodontal pocket measurements. Conversely, reduced may be more associated with a deep pocket, independent of the concentration of CHSH.
CONCLUSION
The study data showed that the proportion of in the subgingival biofilm can be related to halitosis in periodontitis patients.
PubMed: 35935717
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.02.003 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by complex interactions between distinct pathogens in a biofilm resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues. It... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by complex interactions between distinct pathogens in a biofilm resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissues. It seems evident that unknown microorganisms might be involved in onset or progression of periodontitis. For many decades, research in the field of oral microbiology failed to identify certain subgingival microbiota due to technical limitations but, over a period of 12 years using molecular approaches and sequencing techniques, it became feasible to reveal the existence of new periodontal pathogens. Therefore, it is evident that in addition to conventional periodontal pathogens, other microbes might be involved in onset and progression of periodontitis. The novel pathogens enlisted under periodontal phylogeny include , , , , , , , , and . The polymicrobial etiology of periodontitis has been elucidated by comprehensive techniques, and studies throwing light on the possible virulence mechanisms possessed by these novel periodontal pathogens are enlisted.
PubMed: 28979069
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_288_16 -
Microorganisms Jun 2021is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus present within the oral and the intestinal microbiota that has rarely been described in human infections. Besides its role in...
is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus present within the oral and the intestinal microbiota that has rarely been described in human infections. Besides its role in halitosis and oral infections, is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen causing mainly bloodstream and surgical wound infections. We performed a retrospective study of 27 cases of infections involving in two French university hospitals between 2006 and 2021 with the aim of increasing our knowledge of this unrecognized opportunistic pathogen. We also reviewed all the data available in the literature and in genetic and metagenomic sequence databases. In addition to previously reported infections, had been isolated from various sites and involved in intra-abdominal, osteoarticular, and cerebral infections more rarely or not previously reported. Although mostly involved in polymicrobial infections, in seven cases, it was the only pathogen recovered. Not included in all mass spectrometry databases, its identification can require 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High susceptibility to antibiotics (apart from rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and clindamycin; 91.3%, 11.8%, and 4.3% of resistant strains, respectively) has been noted. Our global search strategy revealed to be human-associated, widely distributed in the human microbiota, including the vaginal and skin microbiota, which may be other sources for infection in addition to the oral and gut microbiota.
PubMed: 34198943
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061229 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Feb 2024Adenomatous polyps (APs) with inflammation are risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the role of inflammation-related gut microbiota in promoting the progression...
BACKGROUND
Adenomatous polyps (APs) with inflammation are risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the role of inflammation-related gut microbiota in promoting the progression of APs is unknown.
METHODS
Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted to identify characteristic bacteria in AP tissues and normal mucosa. Then, the roles of inflammation-related bacteria were clarified by Spearman correlation analysis. Furthermore, colorectal HT-29 cells, normal colon NCM460 cells, and azoxymethane-treated mice were used to investigate the effects of the characteristic bacteria on progression of APs.
RESULTS
The expression levels of inflammation-related markers (diamine oxidase, D-lactate, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β) were increased, whereas the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin-4 and interleukin-10) were significantly decreased in AP patients as compared to healthy controls. Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei) was enriched in AP tissues and fecal samples, and significantly positively correlated with serum inflammation-related markers. In vitro, S. moorei preferentially attached to HT-29 cells and stimulated cell proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory factors. In vivo, the incidence of intestinal dysplasia was significantly increased in the S. moorei group. Gavage of mice with S. moorei upregulated production of pro-inflammatory factors, suppressed proliferation of CD4 and CD8cells, and disrupted the integrity of the intestinal barrier, thereby accelerating progression of APs.
CONCLUSIONS
S. moorei accelerated the progression of AP in mice via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, chronic low-grade inflammation, and intestinal barrier disruption. Targeted reduction of S. moorei presents a potential strategy to prevent the progression of APs.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Firmicutes; Inflammation; Adenomatous Polyps
PubMed: 38368407
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04977-3 -
BMC Complementary and Alternative... Mar 2015Solobacterium moorei is a volatile sulfide compound (VSC)-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that has been associated with halitosis. The aim of this study was...
BACKGROUND
Solobacterium moorei is a volatile sulfide compound (VSC)-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that has been associated with halitosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea extract and its major constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on growth and several halitosis-related properties of S. moorei.
METHODS
A microplate dilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of green tea extract and EGCG against S. moorei. Their effects on bacterial cell membrane integrity were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a fluorescence-based permeability assay. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining. Adhesion of FITC-labeled S. moorei to oral epithelial cells was monitored by fluorometry. The modulation of β-galactosidase gene expression in S. moorei was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS
The green tea extract as well as EGCG inhibited the growth of S. moorei, with MIC values of 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis and a permeabilization assay brought evidence that the bacterial cell membrane was the target of green tea polyphenols. Regarding the effects of green tea polyphenols on the S. moorei colonization properties, it was found that biofilm formation on EGCG-treated surfaces was significantly affected, and that green tea extract and EGCG can cause the eradication of pre-formed S. moorei biofilms. Moreover, both the green tea extract and EGCG were found to reduce the adherence of S. moorei to oral epithelial cells. The β-galactosidase activity of S. moorei, which plays a key role in VSC production, was dose-dependently inhibited by green tea polyphenols. In addition, EGCG at ½ MIC significantly decreased the β-galactosidase gene expression.
CONCLUSION
Our study brought evidence to support that green tea polyphenols possess a number of properties that may contribute to reduce S. moorei-related halitosis. Therefore, these natural compounds may be of interest to be used to supplement oral healthcare products.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Camellia sinensis; Catechin; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Halitosis; Humans; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Tea; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 25880992
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0557-z -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2019Solobacterium moorei, the only species in the genus Solobacterium, is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strict anaerobic, short to long bacillus. It has rarely been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Solobacterium moorei, the only species in the genus Solobacterium, is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strict anaerobic, short to long bacillus. It has rarely been documented to cause blood stream infections. Here we report the first case of bacteremia caused by S.moorei in China.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 61-year-old male presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing) with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and several other underlying diseases. He also had persistent coma accompanied by intermittent convulsions, halitosis, and intermittent fever. Blood cultures taken when the patient had a high fever were positive, with the anaerobic bottle yielding an organism identified as S.moorei by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whilst the aerobic bottle grew Streptococcus mitis. After replacement of venous pipeline, and empirical use of vancomycin and meropenem, the patient's body temperature and white blood cell count returned to normal. Unfortunately, the patient died of severe TTP.
CONCLUSION
This is the first case report of S. moorei isolation from blood stream in China. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the only method that can identify S. moorei. Blood cultures must be taken before administration of antibiotics, and anaerobic culture should be considered for such rare pathogens in patients with oral diseases and immune deficiency.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; China; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Halitosis; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31429713
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4359-7 -
Journal of Breath Research Dec 2013This study aims to analyze the correlation between Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei), both on the tongue and in saliva, and several oral malodour- and clinical...
This study aims to analyze the correlation between Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei), both on the tongue and in saliva, and several oral malodour- and clinical parameters. Data from 193 patients visiting a halitosis clinic were used for analysis. A questionnaire assessed their general health, allergies, medication, smoking habits and oral hygiene. Following halitosis parameters were recorded: organoleptic score (OLS) (0-5), total concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) (Halimeter), individual concentrations of VSC (Oral Chroma), tongue coating (MTCI, WTCI and mWTCI), salivary parameters (flow rate and pH), oral hygiene, tonsil health and periodontal health. In all subjects, microbiological samples were collected from the tongue coating and from the saliva, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect S. moorei. A significant correlation could be established between S. moorei, from both tongue and saliva, and several breath parameters (OLS, H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S and total VSCs), tongue coating indices and periodontal indices (gingivitis, periodontitis and oral hygiene). This study suggests a strong association between the presence of S. moorei and oral malodour (s54747).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Female; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Halitosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Saliva; Sulfur Compounds; Tongue; Young Adult
PubMed: 24185504
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/4/046006