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Microbiological Research May 2020This study set out to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota composition and host adaptation to high altitude conditions. Fecal samples from both high and...
This study set out to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota composition and host adaptation to high altitude conditions. Fecal samples from both high and low altitude humans and pigs were studied using multi-omics methods. 16S ribosomal meta-analysis results showed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition between high and low altitude members of the same species, as well as between different species. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Sphingobacterium were the three most abundant bacterial genera found in high altitude fecal samples of both humans and pigs. The alpha diversities of microbiota from Chinese people were found to be relatively lower than those of people in other countries. We found significant convergent trends in microbial metagenome compositions between Tibetans and Tibetan pigs living at high altitudes, and significant differences between these and their low-altitude counterparts. Metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism, amino-acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were consistently enriched at high altitudes, in both Tibetans and Tibetan pigs. Propanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly elevated in high-altitude Tibetan pigs, and genes related to these two metabolites were also up-regulated. Thus, this study revealed that unique gut bacteriomes and their functions may be closely related to environmental host adaptation in high altitude conditions, such as those in the Tibetan plateau.
Topics: Acclimatization; Altitude; Animals; Asian People; Bacteria; Energy Metabolism; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metagenome; Rabbits; Swine; Tibet
PubMed: 32114362
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126447 -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... Jun 2022is a rare cause of human infections worldwide. After reviewing the literature, we could find only eight case reports to date. The majority of cases were of cellulitis...
UNLABELLED
is a rare cause of human infections worldwide. After reviewing the literature, we could find only eight case reports to date. The majority of cases were of cellulitis and septicemia. Most of these patients were immunocompromised and the recovery rate was lesser. We present a case of a young female diagnosed with scrub typhus complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome who developed septicemia and septic shock due to . She was managed with sensitive antibiotic levofloxacin, clinically improved, and discharged in satisfactory condition.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Bansal S, Varshney S. Scrub Typhus Complicated by Rare Human Pathogen Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(6):742-744.
PubMed: 35836642
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24254 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... 2011The gene encoding α-amino acid ester acyl transferase (AET), the enzyme that catalyzes the peptide-forming reaction from amino acid methyl esters and amino acids, was...
The gene encoding α-amino acid ester acyl transferase (AET), the enzyme that catalyzes the peptide-forming reaction from amino acid methyl esters and amino acids, was cloned from Empedobacter brevis ATCC14234 and Sphingobacterium siyangensis AJ2458 and expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first report on the aet gene. It encodes a polypeptide composed of 616 (ATCC14234) and 619 (AJ2458) amino acids residues. The V(max) values of these recombinant enzymes during the catalysis of L-alanyl-L-glutamine formation from L-alanine methylester and L-glutamine were 1,010 U/mg (ATCC14234) and 1,154 U/mg (AJ2458). An amino acid sequence similarity search revealed 35% (ATCC14234) and 36% (AJ2458) identity with an α-amino acid ester hydrolase from Acetobacter pasteurianus, which contains an active-site serine in the consensus serine enzyme motif, GxSYxG. In the deduced amino acid sequences of AET from both bacteria, the GxSYxG motif was conserved, suggesting that AET is a serine enzyme.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Alanine; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Flavobacterium; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sphingobacterium
PubMed: 22056425
DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110181 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Agarwood () is one of the most important resin-containing plants used to produce agar around the world and it is a precious herbal medicine usually combined with other...
Agarwood () is one of the most important resin-containing plants used to produce agar around the world and it is a precious herbal medicine usually combined with other herbs. In this study, we used the Illumina sequencing technique to explore the agarwood bacterial community structure from four different incense formations of agarwood, including healthy agarwood, drilling agarwood, liquid fermentation agarwood, and insect attack agarwood. Our results showed that 20 samples of three different incense-formation methods of agarwood and healthy agarwood acquired 1,792,706 high-quality sequences. In-depth investigation showed that when the diversity of agarwood bacterial species was higher, the agarwood incense quality was higher as well. Among healthy agarwood, drilling agarwood, fermentation agarwood, and insect attack agarwood, the bacterial community structure had significant changes. Natural agarwood, such as insect attack agarwood, kept more bacterial community structure, and the incense quality was better. Furthermore, we observed that in the healthy agarwood, and were the predominant bacteria. , , and were the dominant bacteria in the drilling agarwood. Additionally, and were some of the main bacteria in the fermentation liquid agarwood and the insect attack agarwood, while and were the dominant bacteria. This research provides a basis for further research into the underlying mechanisms of incense production, as well as the bacterial community applications of agarwood production.
PubMed: 36362852
DOI: 10.3390/life12111697 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022The dynamics and correlations of chlorophyll and phytol content with silage bacterial of different growth heights were investigated. The results demonstrated that the...
The dynamics and correlations of chlorophyll and phytol content with silage bacterial of different growth heights were investigated. The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll and phytol content of before and after ensiled decreased with the increase of growth height. Ensiling significantly reduced pigment content but had no significant effect on phytol. In addition, pigment yield before and after ensiled increased with growth heights increasing, and the yield at 150 or 180 cm was obviously higher. Moreover, the higher silage quality V-Score were at 150 or 180 cm growth heights. Furthermore, the silage microbial diversity were varied by growth heights, and some specific undesirable microorganisms (, , , etc.) were negatively correlated with pigment and phytol content. Therefore, with comprehensive consideration of pigment, phytol yield, and silage quality, the optimum harvest growth height of was 150 cm. Furthermore, precise reduction of particular undesirable microorganisms maybe helps to preserve pigments and phytol.
PubMed: 36311147
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996970 -
Heliyon Oct 2022Biodegradation is the economically viable solution to restore land contaminated by hazardous pollutants such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The present study focuses on the...
Biodegradation is the economically viable solution to restore land contaminated by hazardous pollutants such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The present study focuses on the biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by in contaminated soil. The biodegradation kinetics and bacterial growth were evaluated while the biokinetic model that described the benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation was established. The Monod, Haldane, Powell and Edward models were used to model the bacterial growth in benzo(a)pyrene contaminated soil. Excel template was developed with Fourth order Runga-Kutta numerical algorithm to find the biokinetic parameters of the complex non-linear regression model. An Excel Solver function was used to obtain reasonable best-fit values of kinetic parameters. The Haldane and Edward models are well fit to describe the growth trend and model the kinetics of benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation. Enzyme substrate inhibition is the critical factor that affects the benzo(a)pyrene degradation by which the model defines physically. The results demonstrated that removing benzo(a)pyrene showed positive interaction between substrate inhibition, the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene and sorption of the contaminants on soil particles.
PubMed: 36217485
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10799 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2020Goat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30...
Goat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30 healthy Saanen dairy goats. The 30 samples comprised 15 colostrum and 15 mature milk samples, collected from three different farms of Shaanxi Province. Colostrum samples were collected daily for five days post-delivery and mature milk was collected on the 7th, 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th days. The result showed that microbial alpha diversity was higher in the mature milk compared with that in the colostrum. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was performed to detect differentially abundant taxa in colostrum and goat milk. According to taxonomy results, , , , and were the predominant bacteria phyla in both colostrum and mature milk. In addition, lactation stage noticeably influenced the composition of milk microbiota. Specifically, , , , , , , , , , , , and were enriched in the colostrum, while , , , , , , , , , , , and were the dominant genera in the mature milk. The enriched metabolic functions of the goat milk microbiota were predicted by PICRUSt and classified by KEGG pathway. Moreover, the abundances of environmental information processing, cellular processes pathway, genetic information processing pathway, organismal systems pathway, and metabolism pathway were significantly different between microbiota of colostrum and mature milk. Altogether, our study disclosed the significant difference between the microbial communities of colostrum and mature milk and provided grounds for further research in dairy microbiology.
PubMed: 33114109
DOI: 10.3390/ani10111955 -
New Microbes and New Infections Sep 2015We describe the case of a 67-year-old African American woman with multiple medical problems who presented with septic shock resulting from Sphingobacterium multivorum...
We describe the case of a 67-year-old African American woman with multiple medical problems who presented with septic shock resulting from Sphingobacterium multivorum bacteraemia. S. multivorum, a Gram-negative bacillus, is ubiquitous in nature and is rarely involved in human infections. However, it is intrinsically resistant to many commonly administered antibiotics and can be a life-threatening microorganism.
PubMed: 26236492
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.04.006 -
Toxics Apr 2023To effectively carry out the bioremediation of a Pb polluted environment, a lead-tolerant strain named D1 was screened from the activated sludge of a factory in Hefei,...
To effectively carry out the bioremediation of a Pb polluted environment, a lead-tolerant strain named D1 was screened from the activated sludge of a factory in Hefei, and its lead removal in a solution with Pb concentration of 200 mg/L could reach 91% under optimal culture conditions. Morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to identify D1 accurately, and its cultural characteristics and lead removal mechanism were also preliminarily studied. The results showed that the D1 strain was preliminarily identified as the strain. The experiments conducted via orthogonal test showed that the optimal conditions for the growth of strain D1 were pH 7, inoculum volume 6%, 35 °C, and rotational speed 150 r/min. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis before and after the D1 exposure to lead, it is believed that the lead removal mechanism of D1 is surface adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that multiple functional groups on the surface of the bacterial cells are involved in the Pb adsorption process. In conclusion, the D1 strain has excellent application prospects in the bioremediation of lead-contaminated environments.
PubMed: 37235227
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050412 -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2016The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and transferability of resistance markers in 243 aerobic...
The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and transferability of resistance markers in 243 aerobic bacteria recovered from pork at slaughter in the People's Republic of China. The organisms belonged to 22 genera of gram-negative bacteria (92.2%) and gram-positive bacteria (7.8%). High levels of resistance were detected to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (36.2 to 54.3%), and lower levels were detected to nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol (7.8 to 29.2%). Across species, genes conferring antimicrobial resistance were observed with the following frequencies: blaTEM, 40.7%; blaCMY-2, 15.2%; blaCTX-M, 11.5%; sul2, 27.2%; sul1, 14.4%; tet(A), 5.4%; tet(L), 5.4%; tet(M), 5.0%; tet(E), 3.7%; tet(C), 3.3%; tet(S), 2.5%; and tet(K), 0.8%. Various antimicrobial resistance genes were found in new carriers: blaTEM in Lactococcus garvieae, Myroides odoratimimus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus sciuri, Raoultella terrigena, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Acinetobacter ursingii, Sphingobacterium sp., and Oceanobacillus sp.; blaCMY-2 in Lactococcus lactis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Myroides phaeus; tet(L) in M. caseolyticus; sul1 in Vibrio cincinnatiensis; sul2 in Acinetobacter bereziniae, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and V. cincinnatiensis; and the class 1 integron and gene cassette aadA2 in V. cincinnatiensis. Approximately 6.6% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, and one isolate harbored class 2 integrons. Plasmid associated intI1 and androgen receptor- encoding genes were transferred into Escherichia coli J53 and E. coli DH5α by conjugation and transformation experiments, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of aerobic bacteria from pork as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements that can readily be transferred intra- and interspecies.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Handling; Integrons; Plasmids; Red Meat; Swine
PubMed: 27052863
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-455